1、IEEE Guide for the Application of Tertiary and Stabilizing Windings in Power TransformersIEEE Std C57.158-2017IEEE Power and Energy SocietySponsored by the Transformers CommitteeIEEE3 Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5997USAIEEE Std C57.158-2017 IEEE Guide for the Application of Tertiary and Stabilizin
2、g Windings in Power Transformers Sponsor Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society Approved 6 December 2017 IEEE-SA Standards Board Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2 Acknowledgments: The working group members wish to recognize the following individuals for supporting this
3、 work: Stephen Anthony, Saurabh Ghosh, Roger Hayes, Dennis Marlow, Bipin Patel, Vallamkonda Sankar, Jin Sim, and Steve L. Snyder. Abstract: The application of tertiary and stabilizing windings in liquid-immersed power transformers, as covered by IEEE Std C57.12.00, as well as rec ommendations to eva
4、luate the need or convenience of having such windings, are addressed in this guide. The primary application of this guide is for transformers and autotransformers with wye-wye-connected windings, with or without a delta-connected tertiary or stabilizing winding. Tertiary windings in conventional del
5、ta-wye and delta-deltaconnected transformers are not addressed by this guide. Keywords: buried tertiary, IEEE C57.158 , stabilizing winding, tertiary, unbalanced loading of transformers, wye-wye-connected transformers, Y-Y transformers connection The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
6、, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2018 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 27 April 2018. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent fitness for a particular purpose;
7、non-infringement; and quality, accuracy, effectiveness, currency, or completeness of material. In addition, IEEE disclaims any and all conditions relating to: results; and workmanlike effort. IEEE standards documents are supplied “AS IS” and “WITH ALL FAULTS.” Use of an IEEE standard is wholly volun
8、tary. The existence of an IEEE standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subjec
9、t to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. In publishing and making its standards available, IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity nor is IEEE underta
10、king to perform any duty owed by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing any IEEE Standards document, should rely upon his or her own independent judgment in the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional
11、 in determining the appropriateness of a given IEEE standard. IN NO EVENT SHALL IEEE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO: PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS IN
12、TERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE PUBLICATION, USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON ANY STANDARD, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER
13、SUCH DAMAGE WAS FORESEEABLE. Translations The IEEE consensus development process involves the review of documents in English only. In the event that an IEEE standard is translated, only the English version published by IEEE should be considered the approved IEEE standard. Copyright 2018 IEEE. All ri
14、ghts reserved. 4 Official statements A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual shall not be considered or inferred to be the official position of IEEE or any of its committees and shall not be considered to be, or be relied u
15、pon as, a formal position of IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position of IEEE. Comments on
16、 standards Comments for revision of IEEE Standards documents are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. However, IEEE does not provide consulting information or advice pertaining to IEEE Standards documents. Suggestions for changes in documents should be i
17、n the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Since IEEE standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important that any responses to comments and questions also receive the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and th
18、e members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to comments or questions except in those cases where the matter has previously been addressed. For the same reason, IEEE does not respond to interpretation requests. Any person who would like
19、 to participate in revisions to an IEEE standard is welcome to join the relevant IEEE working group. Comments on standards should be submitted to the following address: Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA Laws and regulations Users of IEEE Standards documents sh
20、ould consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of any IEEE Standards document does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE
21、 does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights IEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under U.S. and international copyright laws. They are made
22、available by IEEE and are adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making these documents available for us
23、e and adoption by public authorities and private users, IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to the documents. Photocopies Subject to payment of the appropriate fee, IEEE will grant users a limited, non-exclusive license to photocopy portions of any individual standard for company or organiza
24、tional internal use or individual, non-commercial use only. To arrange for payment of licensing fees, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational c
25、lassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. 5 Updating of IEEE Standards documents Users of IEEE Standards documents should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be am
26、ended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. Every IEEE standard is subjected to review at least ev
27、ery ten years. When a document is more than ten years old and has not undergone a revision process, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest ed
28、ition of any IEEE standard. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/ or contact IEEE at the address listed previously. For m
29、ore information about the IEEE-SA or IEEEs standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for all IEEE standards can be accessed on the IEEE-SA Website at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are e
30、ncouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by the IEEE with respect to the existence or vali
31、dity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/patcom/patents.html. Letters of Assurance may i
32、ndicate whether the Submitter is willing or unwilling to grant licenses under patent rights without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Essential Patent Cl
33、aims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or co
34、nditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is
35、 entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. 6 Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this IEEE guide was completed, the Application of Tertiary and Stabilizing Windings Working Group had the following member
36、ship: Enrique Betancourt, Chair Brian Penny, Vice Chair Marnie Roussell, Secretary Richard Amos Bill Boettger Jagdish Burde James P. Campbell Frank Damico Hugo Flores Jinho Kang Krzysztof Kulasek Randall Kyle Xose M. Lopez-Fernandez Tamyres L. Machado Douglas McCullough Amit Mukerji Shankar Nambi Da
37、vid Ostrander Sanjay Y. Patel Subhas Sarkar Devki Sharma Hemchandra Shertukde Jason Varnell Kiran Vedante K. Vijayan Dharam Vir Sukhdev Walia Jeffrey Wright The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstent
38、ion. Frank DAmico Dieter Dohnal Gary Donner Joseph Foldi Marcel Fortin Carlos Gaytan James Graham Stephen Grier Randall Groves Ajit Gwal John Harley Timothy Hayden Roger Hayes Werner Hoelzl Gary Hoffman Philip Hopkinson Mohammad Iman Richard Jackson John John Stephen Jordan Laszlo Kadar Gael Kennedy
39、 Sheldon Kennedy Gary King James Kinney Zan Kiparizoski Gary Kobet Hermann Koch Boris Kogan Axel Kraemer Neil Kranich Jim Kulchisky John Lackey Chung-Yiu Lam Thomas La Rose Aleksandr Levin Albert Livshitz Thomas Lundquist Reginaldo Maniego Richard Marek J. Dennis Marlow Omar Mazzoni William McBride
40、Mark McNally Charles McShane Daniel Mulkey R. Jay Murphy Ryan Musgrove K. R. M. Nair Arun Narang Kris K. Neild Michael Newman Joe Nims Lorraine Padden Klaus Papp Bansi Patel Christopher Petrola Klaus Pointner Alvaro Portillo Bertrand Poulin Iulian Profir Timothy Charles Raymond Jean-Christophe Ribou
41、d Charles Rogers Thomas Rozek Dinesh Sankarakurup Roderick Sauls Bartien Sayogo Stephen Schroeder Nikunj Shah Devki Sharma Hemchandra Shertukde Hyeong Sim Jerry Smith Steve Snyder K. Stump Ed teNyenhuis Juan Thierry Michael Thompson Joe Uchiyama Jason Varnell Kiran Vedante Roger Verdolin John Vergis
42、 Jane Verner David Wallach John Wang Joe Watson Kenneth White Jackie Wilson Jeffrey Wright Baitun Yang Jian Yu 7 Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 6 December 2017, it had the following membership: Jean-Philippe Faure, Chair Gary Hoffman
43、, Vice Chair John Kulick, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Chuck Adams Masayuki Ariyoshi Ted Burse Stephen Dukes Doug Edwards J. Travis Griffith Michael Janezic Thomas Koshy Joseph L. Koepfinger* Kevin Lu Daleep Mohla Damir Novosel Ronald C. Petersen Annette D. Reilly Robby Robson Doro
44、thy Stanley Adrian Stephens Mehmet Ulema Phil Wennblom Howard Wolfman Yu Yuan *Member Emeritus 8 Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.158-2017, IEEE Guide for the Application of Tertiary and Stabilizing Windings in Power Transformers. I
45、n all mature industries, as for instance the electric power supply industry, there is always a knowledge that is commonly applied, even though its fundamentals have not been summarized in a single, comprehensive source. In most cases, impact of such “missing links” is very minor, and more important
46、issues become privileged for development into standards, as resources are naturally scarce. This document deals with the subject of application of stabilizing windings in modern electric power systems, where some issues with wye-wye-connected transformers emerging in the early days were solved with
47、practical sense by adding extra components in transformers, without an exact account of all real and potential benefits. Part of the fundamentals for those applications is a tacit, empirical knowledge, with arbitrary interpretations of successful or unsuccessful events giving rise to a series of “ru
48、les,” from which very different versions are implemented. The purpose of this document is, first, to synthesize the fundamentals for contemporary application of a technical solution, and second, to review and present to the industry a more organized set of application rules and recommendations. The
49、IEEE working group that developed this application guide started working as a task force in 2009, and originally developed a proposed new subclause 5.11.1.2 for IEEE Std C57.12.00-2014. The purpose of that specific subclause was to standardize interpretation for the power and/or thermal rating required for stabilizing windings, also known as buried tertiaries. In this document, a wider scope is offered, including power systems application concepts, zero-sequence currents, nonlinear magnetization of ferromagnetic cores, a more repeatable and user-friendly definition f
