1、2008年武汉大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：14.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：4，分数：8.00)1.Total Depravity（分数：2.00）_2.“Hemingway Heroes“（分数：2.00）_3.Oversoul（分数：2.00）_4.Archetypal Criticism（分数：2.00）_二、分析题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)5.Based on “I wandered Lonely as a Cloud“ by Wordsworth and “Ode on a Grecian Urn“ by John Keats, dis
2、cuss the main features of the Romantic poetry. (10 points)（分数：2.00）_6.Names the authors of the following poems and then make a comparative analysis of them.“AMORETTI, SONNET 75“One day I wrote her name upon the strand,But came the waves and washed it away:Again I write it with a second hand,But came
3、 the tide, and made my pains his prey.Vain man, said she, that doest in vain assay,A mortal thing so to immortalize,For I myself shall like to this decay,And eek my name be wiped out likewise.Not so, (quod I) let baser things deviseTo die in dust, but you shall live by fame:My verse, your virtues ra
4、re shall eternize,And in the heavens write your glorious name.Where whenas death shall all the world subdue,Our love shall live, and later life renew.“Sonnet 18“Shall I compare thee to a summer“s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer“s le
5、ase hath all too short a date:Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometimes declines,By chance, or nature“s changing course, untrimm“d;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow“st;Nor shall D
6、eath brag thou wander“st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow“st.So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.（分数：2.00）_7.Interpret American Dream by citing several relevant American writers and their works.（分数：2.00）_2008年武汉大学英语专业（英美文学）真题
7、试卷答案解析(总分：14.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：4，分数：8.00)1.Total Depravity（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Total depravity, also called total inability and total corruption is a theological doctrine that derives from the Augustinian concept of original sin. It is the teaching that, as a consequence of the Fall of Man, e
8、very person born into the world is enslaved to the service of sin and, apart from the efficacious or prevenient grace of God, is utterly unable to choose to follow God or choose to accept salvation as it is freely offered.)解析：2.“Hemingway Heroes“（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Ernest Hemingway“s heroes many ha
9、ve different names but they are fundamentally the same person. These characters are similar to each other. They are noble but tragic heroes fighting with the overwhelming force. Though they are fully aware of the fact that they will be defeated at last, they still decides to act like a hero.)解析：3.Ov
10、ersoul（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Oversoul, is a concept by Ralph Waldo Emerson introduced in his 1841 essay by the same name, meaning “over abiding presence“. It refers to an impersonal force that is eternal, moral, harmonious, and beneficent in tendency. Emerson believed that there should be an emotional
11、 communication between an individual soul and the universal “oversoul“, since the over-soul is an all-pervading power from which all things come from and of which all is a part. One of the tendencies of the “over-soul“ is to express itself in form, hence the world of nature as an emanation of the wo
12、rld of spirit.)解析：4.Archetypal Criticism（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Archetypal literary criticism is a type of critical theory that interprets a text by focusing on recurring myths and archetypes (from the Greek arche, or beginning, and typos, or imprint) in the narrative, symbols, images, and character ty
13、pes in a literary work. As a form of literary criticism, it dates back to 1934 when Maud Bodkin published Archetypal Patterns in Poetry.)解析：二、分析题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)5.Based on “I wandered Lonely as a Cloud“ by Wordsworth and “Ode on a Grecian Urn“ by John Keats, discuss the main features of the Romantic
14、poetry. (10 points)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Romantic poetry referred to the natural aspects of the world, focusing on the feelings of sadness and great happiness. Nature was a focus of many famous poets. It was often presented as itself a work of art, constructed by a divine imagination, in emblematic l
15、anguage. As is suggested in the poems, Wordsworth derives from the daffodils in full blossom a feeling of philosophical delight and John Keats expresses his contemplation on beauty over the sight of an ancient Urn. And romantic nature poetry is therefore essentially poetry of meditation and the auth
16、ors displayed what the common reader still expects of poetry: soaring imagination, emotional intensity, freshness of individual experience, plus a deep sense of myth and mystery in natural events.)解析：解析：本题考查考生对浪漫主义诗歌的认识。浪漫主义作家注重感情(feelings)与自然(Nature)的表达，浪漫主义在反映客观现实上侧重从主观内心世界出发，抒发对理想世界的热烈追求，常用热情奔放的语
17、言、瑰丽的想象和夸张的手法来塑造形象。6.Names the authors of the following poems and then make a comparative analysis of them.“AMORETTI, SONNET 75“One day I wrote her name upon the strand,But came the waves and washed it away:Again I write it with a second hand,But came the tide, and made my pains his prey.Vain man, s
18、aid she, that doest in vain assay,A mortal thing so to immortalize,For I myself shall like to this decay,And eek my name be wiped out likewise.Not so, (quod I) let baser things deviseTo die in dust, but you shall live by fame:My verse, your virtues rare shall eternize,And in the heavens write your g
19、lorious name.Where whenas death shall all the world subdue,Our love shall live, and later life renew.“Sonnet 18“Shall I compare thee to a summer“s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer“s lease hath all too short a date:Sometimes too hot t
20、he eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometimes declines,By chance, or nature“s changing course, untrimm“d;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow“st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander“st in his shade,When in ete
21、rnal lines to time thou grow“st.So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Amoretti, Sonnet 75 is written by Edmund Spenser and Sonnet 18 is written by Shakespeare. Though rhymed in different styles, these two poems are both the ce
22、lebration of the same theme that verses survive time and love is immortal. Following an abab-bcbc-cbcb-dd rhyme scheme, Sonnet 75 is particularly telling about a day of the two lovers at the beach, reporting a conversation between the poet and his beloved. With his sonnet Spenser struggles with a pr
23、oblem of love, the problem of limited existence, just as he struggles with the sand and ocean thus claiming to bestow immortality upon his beloved. Lines 3 and 4 tell how he rewrote the name and the sea repeated the act of erasure. Here, the time is given as an erasing tide, which is a simile. These
24、 first four lines in a way indicate the uselessness of writing. The water washes away the writing, acts as a predator hunting on the lover“s pains, a personification of death. However, water may also be a life giver. The ebb and flow of the ocean is a symbol for immortalitydeath and rebirth. The sec
25、ond quatrain indicates that the lady is with him. She scoffs at him for his “vain assay“ to make what is mortal immortal. She states that she will someday die just as her name, needless to say, is erased by the tide, an allusion to the Christian doctrine in which mortality is an inevitable part of h
26、uman existence. However, later on the poet refutes the woman“s statement with his confidence in the immortality of poetry. Throughout the third quatrain and the couplet, the lover speaks with a tone of triumph, both over his lover and the transience of their life, their love. He introduces the image
27、 of dust like a sudden feeling of thirst, contrasting it to water, but immediately pulls the reader from it and ensures his lover“s existence: “you shall live in fame.“ Talking about his lady“s virtues but not of her beauty complements Spenser“s views about immortality. Beauty lies in virtue itself
28、even being more effective in terms of immortality. The poet must be intentionally writing her glorious name in the heavens, the epitome of beautiful places, in order to show that inner beauty is more important than physical beauty (although he never mentions it directly.) Spenser ends his sonnet by
29、relating to Christian resurrection and afterlife: “.later life renew“ by this statement, He could also mean that he and his lover will marry and have children, through the lineage of whom their love shall live. The last two lines also touch the mutuality of love, by saying: “our love shall live.“ Be
30、cause Spenser himself studied platonic love it can be inferred that the heavenly love, in a platonic concept, expands and transcends the physical world of sand and sea. The poet comes over the problem of limited existence, every time we read this sonnet, their love will become eternal. Shakespeare“s
31、 Sonnet 18 follows an abab-cdcd-efef-gg style. The poem starts with a line of adoration to the beloved“Shall I compare thee to a summer“s day?“ The speaker then goes on to say that the beloved being described is both “more lovely and more temperate“ than a summer“s day. The speaker lists some things
32、 that are negative about summer. It is too short“summer“s lease hath all too short a date“and sometimes the sun shines too hot“Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines.“ However, the beloved being described has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer“s day. By putting
33、his love“s beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.“ The hope is that the two lovers can live on, if not through children, then through the poems
34、 brought forth by their love which, unlike children, will not fade.)解析：解析：本题所给出的第一首诗歌是埃德蒙斯宾塞(Edmund Spenser)爱情小唱(Amoretti)的第七十五首，第二首为莎士比亚的名诗能否把你比作夏日璀璨? (Shall ICompare Thee to a Summer“s Day)。这两首诗都描述了时间流逝、诗篇永存以及爱情不朽，但是形式上却采取了不同的格调与韵律。后一首诗已有过分析，这里编者给出了前一首诗的详细分析，考生可以稍加参考。7.Interpret American Dream by
35、citing several relevant American writers and their works.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：American Dream is a phrase connoting hope for equality, prosperity and happiness, symbolized particularly by having a house of one“s own. Possibly applied at first to the hopes of immigrants, the phrase now applies to all
36、except the very rich and suggests a confident hope that one“s children“s economic and social condition will be better than one“s own. Writers in the early time give much thought to the issue and even glorify the dream, as in the works of Whitman. In Leaves of Grass, Whitman interprets the dream as f
37、ull of energy, optimism, romance, and excitement. The self-made man spirit deeply rooted in American Dream is rather evident in Frederick Douglass“ semi-biography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. However, some critics also question American materialism and concomitant
38、lack of serious morality. Writers of this kind include F. Scott Fitzgerald and John Steinbeck. Disillusion throws a rowdy block party throughout Fitzgerald“s The Great Gatsby while the tragedy in Steinbeck“s of Mice and Men leaves the reader feeling hollowed and thoroughly un-dreamy. The interesting
39、 thing about The Great Gatsby is that Gatsby, the protagonist and the embodiment of all that the American Dream is, himself, remains static. As the novel moves forward, he doesn“t become more perverse; he doesn“t become richer or poorer, nor does he impoverish those around him. In fact, were it not
40、for the innovative use of the narrator, Nick Caraway, as a literary device, Jay Gatsby would seem to be a vivid illustration of how the American Dream can succeed. It“s the limited perspective of Nick and those at a distance from Gatsby that preserves his mystique and, by extension, the mystique of
41、the American Dream. When this mystery is removed, when ignorance of Gatsby“s character is removed, we feel, with Fitzgerald, that the Dream has been removed too. Then you read of Mice and Men and you find yourself plunged into a world of even deeper despair and pitch-black hardship. The barren lives
42、 of the ranch hands George and Lenny are sustained by the American Delusion, Lenny“s simple ignorance allowing him the fantasy of his rabbits and his ranch right up to the novella“s powerfully tender end. That is perhaps the essence of the American Dream; ignorance to the truth, willful self-decepti
43、on. The world as it is, the object of the American Dream, does not change. It, like Gatsby, remains constant while the speculators and wishful individuals congregate around it, willing it to be something other than it is.)解析：解析：本题考查美国梦在美国文学中的地位与影响。本题的难度较大，建构了美国文化的美国文学反过来受到了文化的制约，美国梦作为美国文化的核心理念不断影响着文学的创作。由于问题比较宽泛，把握起来有些困难。编者将结合文学作品从正反两个方面对这一问题加以阐释。
