1、2010年四川大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：46.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.State what you know about the following terms IN ONE SENTENCE FOR EACH;language as interaction（分数：2.00）_2.recreational function of language（分数：2.00）_3.UG(universal grammar)（分数：2.00）_4.fricative consonant（分数：2.00）_5.IC analysis（
2、分数：2.00）_6.Define the following terms with at least two examples;conceptual meaning（分数：2.00）_7.radiation in word meaning（分数：2.00）_8.performative verb（分数：2.00）_9.conversational implicature（分数：2.00）_10.linguistic relativity（分数：2.00）_二、词汇题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)11.Determine the original term from which the f
3、ollowing words were back-formed:(10 points)asset（分数：2.00）_12.burgle（分数：2.00）_13.enthuse（分数：2.00）_14.greed（分数：2.00）_15.hush（分数：2.00）_16.automate（分数：2.00）_17.donate（分数：2.00）_18.escalate（分数：2.00）_19.homesick（分数：2.00）_20.amusing（分数：2.00）_三、简答题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)21.Why do we need to teach culture in our lang
4、uage classroom?（分数：2.00）_22.What is communicative competence? How should we develop it in our foreign language learning?（分数：2.00）_23.Please briefly answer the following question IN ABOUT 500 WORDS:(10 points)Anthropological linguists E. Sapir and B. Whorf claim that the language a people use shapes
5、their perspective of perception, which in turn shapes their thought. The key notions of their famous “ Sapir-Whorfian Hypothesis“ include “ language determinism“ and “ language relativity“. Do you know anything about the notions of theirs? If you do, what is your opinion on it? Please briefly expres
6、s your ideas in a passage.（分数：2.00）_2010年四川大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：46.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.State what you know about the following terms IN ONE SENTENCE FOR EACH;language as interaction（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Language as interaction involves not just vocal behavior but many kinds of be
7、havior and to engage in face-to-face communication is to co-monitor with the other person on a behavioral continuum along which a succession of integrated events can be expected to occur.)解析：解析：(考查语言交际论的定义)2.recreational function of language（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：It refers to the use of language for t
8、he sheer joy of using it, such as singing or poetry writing.)解析：解析：(考查语言的娱乐功能)3.UG(universal grammar)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Universal grammar holds that there are certain fundamental grammatical ideas which all humans possess without having to learn them, which acts as a way to explain how language ac
9、quisition works in humans by showing the most basic rules that all languages have to follow.)解析：解析：(考查普遍语法的定义)4.fricative consonant（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Fricative consonant is produced when there is close approximation of two articulators so that the airstream is partially obstructed and turbulent ai
10、rflow is produced, which includesf,v, and so on.)解析：解析：(考查摩擦音的定义)5.IC analysis（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：IC analysis, short for Immediate Constituent Analysis, refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituentsword groups(or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate
11、constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.)解析：解析：(考查直接成分分析法)6.Define the following terms with at least two examples;conceptual meaning（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Conceptual meaning, also called denotative meaning, involves the relationship between a ling
12、uistic unit and the nonlinguistic entities to which it refers. For example, a desk is a piece of furniture with a flat top and four legs, at which one reads and writes; and a dog is an animal kept as a pet, for guarding buildings, or for hunting.)解析：解析：(考查概念意义)7.radiation in word meaning（分数：2.00）_正确
13、答案：(正确答案：Radiation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the centre and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays. The meanings are independent of one another, but can all be traced back to the central meaning. For example, the primary meaning of th
14、e word “neck“ is that part of a man or animal jointing the head to the body, but it can also mean the neck of an animal used as food. Therefore, we can say “neck“ has developed through the process of radiation. Another example is the word “ head“. In the phrases like the head of a school, to come to
15、 a head, the word “ head“ has different meanings, but they all derive from special application of the central idea of head as a part of the body.)解析：解析：(考查词义辐射)8.performative verb（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Performative verbs are verbs carried out simply by means of uttering them aloud. The uttering of the
16、 verbs is, or is a part of, the doing of the action. Performative verbs include “promise“ ,“invite“ /“apologize“ , and so on. For example, when a judge sentences someone to jail time, the action is completed when he or she says, “I hereby sentence you to five years in prison,“ or in sentences like “
17、I name this ship the Queen Elizabeth. “)解析：解析：(考查施为性动词)9.conversational implicature（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Conversational implicature is proposed by H. P. Grice. It refers to a type of implied meaning, which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context, under t
18、he guidance of the CP and its maxims. In this sense, implicature is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theory in that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or 言外之意 in Chinese. For example, the sentence “Mary had a baby and got married“ strongly suggests that Mary
19、had the baby before the wedding, but the sentence would still be strictly true if Mary had her baby after she got married. To make it clearer, we can see another Chinese example in a film. A boy says to a girl “你不戴眼镜时很漂 亮”, and the girl immediately responds “我戴眼镜时一定很丑了”. Now the boy may have reason
20、to deny that the girl“s interpretation is what he said. But he may not be able to deny in all fairness that this is, at least partly, what he implied.)解析：解析：(考查会话含义理论)10.linguistic relativity（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis suggests that our language helps mould our way of thinking and, c
21、onsequently, different languages may probably express our unique ways of understanding the world. The hypothesis has two important points, linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. The principle of linguistic relativity holds that the structure of a language affects the ways in which its spe
22、akers are able to conceptualize their world, i. e. their world view. One of the examples is that there are many words for “snow“ in the Inuit language, and the other example is that there are many words for “horse“ in the Mongolian language.)解析：解析：(考查语言相对论)二、词汇题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)11.Determine the orig
23、inal term from which the following words were back-formed:(10 points)asset（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：assetsasset)解析：12.burgle（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：burglarburgle)解析：13.enthuse（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：enthusiasmenthuse)解析：14.greed（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：greedygreed)解析：15.hush（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：hushedhush)解析：16.au
24、tomate（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：automationautomate)解析：17.donate（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：donationdonate)解析：18.escalate（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：escalatorescalate)解析：19.homesick（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：homesicknesshomesick)解析：20.amusing（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：amusinglyamusing)解析：三、简答题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)21.Why do we need to te
25、ach culture in our language classroom?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：We have to teach culture in the language classroom because language is an indispensable carrier of culture. Culture finds a better representation through language use. A joint study of these two subjects will definitely broaden the horizon o
26、f the students“ knowledge and enhance the study of language. The correlation highlights the pursuit of the relationship between the two.(2 points)Therefore, we have to keep in mind that it is a rather difficult job to know another culture. At the same time, we have to realize the fascinating role of
27、 cultural knowledge in language teaching.(1 point)In language teaching, we have to get the students familiar with cultural differences; to help the students transcend their own culture and see things as the members of the target culture will; and to emphasize the inseparability of understanding lang
28、uage and understanding culture through various classroom practices. All in all, successful mastery of a given language has much to do with an understanding of that culture.(2 points)解析：解析：考查文化在外语教学中的重要意义。语言是文化不可分割的一部分，是文化的载体，掌握一门语言实际上是掌握该语言所承载的文化。因此，我们可以说，学习语言就是学习文化，或者说学习语言的同时应该学习其所代表的文化。22.What is
29、communicative competence? How should we develop it in our foreign language learning?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：D. H. Hymes(1971)proposed communicative competence, which refers to what a learner knows about how a language is used in particular situations for effective and appropriate communication. It incl
30、udes knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary, knowledge of rules of speaking, knowledge of how to use and respond to different types of speech acts and social conventions, and knowledge of how to use language appropriately. He proposed this concept in order to expand the original concept of linguist
31、ic competence from Chomsky, which refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situations.(2 points) In the case of foreign language learning, language learners should be encouraged to deal with accomplishing actions
32、, which are thought to help them acquire the target language. Several ways are supposed to be useful in raising communicative competence, such as word-guessing games, descriptions and debates. Another way is to familiarize the learners with the nonlinguistic features of the language, including readi
33、ng about cultural background knowledge and knowing some pragmatic knowledge about the target language. The extremely helpful way is to interact with native speakers.(3 points)解析：解析：考查交际能力的定义以及如何在外语学习中培养交际能力。1965 年乔姆斯基提出了“语言能力”(linguistic competence)这一概念。Chomsky 认为：“能力”是指说话人一听话人的内在语言知识，或称内有语法。语言能力是某种
34、远比语言本身抽象的知识状态，是一套原则系统，一种知识体系，并非一种处事的能力，甚至也不是一种组织句子和理解句子的能力。1972 年 Hymes提出了与乔姆斯基相对立的“交际能力”这一概念。他认为，交际能力是“何时说，何时不说以及关于何时何地以何种方式与何人说何内容”。在外语学习中，要培养交际能力，首先要多参加猜词游戏，多描述以及辩论，同时要多了解文化背景知识，同时掌握必要的语用常识。23.Please briefly answer the following question IN ABOUT 500 WORDS:(10 points)Anthropological linguists E.
35、Sapir and B. Whorf claim that the language a people use shapes their perspective of perception, which in turn shapes their thought. The key notions of their famous “ Sapir-Whorfian Hypothesis“ include “ language determinism“ and “ language relativity“. Do you know anything about the notions of their
36、s? If you do, what is your opinion on it? Please briefly express your ideas in a passage.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, also referred to as linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity, is a very influential but controversial theory concerning the relationship between language, thought and culture. What this hypothesis suggests is like this; our language helps
