1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)-21 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Since the earliest times in England, the traveler“s inn has always been a warm and hospitable place, a gathering place for voyagers to rest and recover. The tireless landlord, the local customers sharing drinks a
2、nd food, the welcoming atmosphere, have all become part of the legend of the typical English country and city life. In later centuries, the English tavern took on the role of community gathering place, being the location where friendly chatter and fierce social debate mixed with business discussions
3、, and food, wine, beer and coffee were consumed as the noise of convivial (酒宴的) exchanges rose. In modern times, the English pub often continues to function as the communal meeting place, especially for people whose homes are too small to entertain any number of guests or friends. In many Asian coun
4、tries, the local restaurant serves a similar social function. In Ireland, the pub has acted as a central attraction for poorer villagers in the rural areas, and as a literary and social focus in the cities. In keeping with the sociable nature of pub gatherings, music as well as talk has become a cen
5、tral part of this institution in Ireland. Now people around the world are able to experience the friendly nature of the Irish pub, which follows in the wake of its English equivalent as a welcome and growing export. English pubs have been found in America, in parts of Europe and throughout the world
6、 where English people have settled. Today the Irish pub is witnessing an outburst of international popularity as Westerners turn away from their television and computer screens and seek to put a human face to their social contacts. They are finding it in the bars and corners of Irish pubs, where Gui
7、nness stout, the Irish national drink, is available in the tall, dark creamy pint glasses and Irish music is the regular fare. In Mr. McCarville“s view, a pub is a place where you and your friends should be able to walk in and have a drink and talk to each other. But in traditional pubs everywhere t
8、here is loud raucous music so that customers can“t talk. He says that in all the traditional pubs in Australia they are putting poker machines, and Mr. McCarville saw many vacant looking people gambling. He feels that these pubs are no longer pleasant places to go to have a drink because you can“t t
9、alk to anyone. “The one place where conversation has always been great is an Irish pub, so everywhere they are set up they become very popular,“ he says. “There is music in them, but it is Irish music. It may be traditional or modern Irish music, but it is happy, infectious music which stimulates th
10、e mood of the place and does not overpower it.“ So Irish pubs are spreading.（分数：20.00）(1).The English pub is developed from _.（分数：4.00）A.the Irish pubB.the English innC.the Scotch pubD.the traveller“s inn(2).What“s the function of the English pub?（分数：4.00）A.The pub continues to act as a central attr
11、action.B.It is the literary and social focus.C.It is the place where you can consume food and wine.D.It takes the role of community meeting place.(3).Which kind of pub has a growing export?（分数：4.00）A.The Irish pub.B.The English pub.C.The Scotch pub.D.The Australian pub.(4).According to McCarville“s
12、view, why Irish pub is a warm and hospitable place?（分数：4.00）A.There is loud harsh music to stimulate the mood of the pub.B.Poker machines are put there so that everyone can play while drinking.C.It is the great place for conversation.D.You can enjoy happy music in it.(5).In the passage, the author m
13、ainly talks about _.（分数：4.00）A.the Irish pubB.the English pubC.the Scotch pubD.the Australian pubWilliam Sydney Porter (1862-1910), who wrote under the pseudonym of O. Henry, was born in North Carolina. His only formal education was to attend his Aunt Lina“s school until the age of fifteen, where he
14、 developed his lifelong love of books. By 1881 he was a licensed pharmacist. However, within a year, on the recommendation of a medical colleague of his Father“s, Porter moved to La Salle County in Texas for two years herding sheep. During this time, Webster“s Unabridged Dictionary was his constant
15、companion, and Porter gained knowledge of ranch life that he later incorporated into many of his short stories. He then moved to Austin for three years, and during this time the first recorded use of his pseudonym appeared, allegedly derived from his habit of calling “Oh, Henry“ to a family cat. In
16、1887, Porter married Athol Estes. He worked as a draftsman, then as a bank teller for the First National Bank. In 1894 Porter founded his own humor weekly, the “Rolling Stone“, a venture that failed within a year, and later wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post. In the meantime, the First Nation
17、al Bank was examined, and the subsequent indictment of 1886 stated that Porter had embezzled funds. Porter then fled to New Orleans, and later to Honduras, leaving his wife and child in Austin. He returned in 1897 because of his wife“s continued ill-health, however, she died six months later. Then,
18、in 1898 Porter was found guilty and sentenced to five years imprisonment in Ohio. At the age of thirty five, he entered prison as a defeated man; he had lost his job, his home, his wife, and finally his freedom. He emerged from prison three years later, reborn as O. Henry, the pseudonym he now used
19、to hide his true identity. He wrote at least twelve stories in jail, and after re-gaining his freedom, went to New York City, where he published more than 300 stories and gained fame as America“s favorite short story writer. Porter married again in 1907, but after months of poor health, he died in N
20、ew York City at the age of forty-eight in 1910. O. Henry“s stories have been translated all over the world.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, Porter“s Father was _.（分数：4.00）A.responsible for his move to La Salle County in TexasB.the person who gave him a life-long love of booksC.a medical docto
21、rD.a licensed pharmacist(2).Which of the following is true, according to the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Both of Porter“s wives died before he died.B.Porter left school at 15 to become a pharmacist.C.Porter wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post called “Rolling Stone“.D.The first recorded use of his pseud
22、onym was in Austin.(3).Porter lost all of the following when he went to prison EXCEPT his _.（分数：4.00）A.homeB.wifeC.jobD.books(4).According to the author, how many stories did Porter write while in prison for three years?（分数：4.00）A.More than 300.B.35.C.At least 12.D.Over 20.(5).The author implies whi
23、ch of the following is true?（分数：4.00）A.Porter would probably have written less stories if he had not been in prison for three years.B.Porter was in poor health throughout his life.C.Henry is as popular in many other countries as he is in America.D.Porter“s wife might have lived longer if he had not
24、left her in Austin when he fled.Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBoth Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford Univer
25、sity, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft. The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scienti
26、sts have known that birds flying in formationa V-shape, echelon or otherwiseexpend less energy. The air flowing over a bird“s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves.
27、Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%. When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modeled what wou
28、ld happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favorable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as m
29、uch as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter. There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel c
30、omfortable traveling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the intimate groupings favored by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separatio
31、n distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organization has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines. It remains to be seen how weather conditions
32、 affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes“ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the de
33、parture times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights. As it happens, America“s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the count
34、ry“s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the program has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but Dr Lissaman says they are apo
35、cryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,“ he adds. So he should know.（分数：20.00）(1).Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.（分数：4.00）A.正确B.错误(2).The upwash experience may save prope
36、lling energy as well as reducing resistance.（分数：4.00）A.正确B.错误(3).Formation flight is comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.（分数：4.00）A.正确B.错误(4).The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.（分数：4.00）A.正确B.错误(5).It has been documented that duri
37、ng World War , America“s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.（分数：4.00）A.正确B.错误The AtmosphereThe atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions. Of these permanen
38、t gases, oxygen makes up about 21 percent and nitrogen about 78 percent. Several other gases, such as argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton and xenon, comprise the remaining one percent of the volume of the dry air. The amount of water vapor and its variations in amount and distribution is
39、of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmospheric gases hold in suspension great quantities of dust, pollen, smoke and other impurities which are always present in considerable, but variable amounts. The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins until it becomes impercept
40、ible. Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little influenceon weather changes. Recently studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites and miss
41、ile probing, have shown these assumptions to be incorrect. The atmosphere has three well-defined strata. The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about ten miles, is known as the troposphere (对流层). On the whole, it makes up about 75 percent of all the weight of the atmosphere
42、. It is the warmest part of the atmosphere because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earth“s surface which warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with the increasing elevation is a most striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of t
43、heir greater distance from the earth“s surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperatures within the troposphere decrease about 3.5 degrees per 1,000 feet increase in altitude. Within the troposphere, winds and air currents distribute heat and moisture. Strong winds, called jet streams
44、 are located at the upper levels of the troposphere. These jet streams are both complex and widespread in occurrence. They normally show a wave shaped pattern and move from west to east at velocities of 150 mph, but velocities as 400 mph have been noted. The influences of changing locations and stre
45、ngths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable. Current intensive research may eventually reveal their true significance. Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is a zone called the stratosphere. The stratosphere is separated from the troposphere by
46、a zone of uniform temperatures called the tropopause. Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is a layer of ozone gases which filter out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. The ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this zone were not there, the full blast of the sun“s ultraviolet lig
47、ht would burn our skins, blind our eyes and eventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively uniform. The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinating but the least known of the three strata. It is called the ionosphe
48、re because it consists of electrically charges particles called ions, thrown from the sun. The northern lights (aurora borealis) originate within this highly charged portion of the atmosphere. Its effect upon weather conditions, if any, is as yet unknown. A. a layer of ozone gases. B. about 42 degre
49、es colder than on the ground. C. earth satellites. D. less than 1% of xenon by volume. E. jet planes. F. is warmed by the earth“s heat. G. 50 miles above the troposphere.（分数：20.00）(1).At the top of Jungfrau, which towers 12,000 feet above the town of Interlaken in Switzerland, the temperature is usually（分数：4.00）(2).The stratosphere is（分数：4.00）(3).The atmosphere consists of（分数：4.00）(4).The troposphere is the warmest part of the atmosphere because it（分数：4.00）(5).Studies in the stratosphere have been made possible by（分数：4.00）Diet and exercise are keys to healthy giving. But
