1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)-22 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For example, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this 1 author
2、is not known and will probably never be known. Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want people“s 2 of the real author 3 their perception of the message. Also other people may want to 4 certain information abo
3、ut themselves in order to achieve a more 5 evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been 6 that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societies where their 7 was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the 8 of people, for example when re
4、porting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases. Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in many countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and 9 personal information which is protected. In some 10 , for e
5、xample confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially 11 to allow people to consult a priest, 12 seeing him face to face. The anonymity in 13 situations is however not always 100%. If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a 14 crime, some countries allow or even 15 that the lawye
6、r tell the 16 . The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to 17 their feeling more than their real intention. Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as 18 that peo
7、ple can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent 19 the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name. Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for 20 reasons.（分数：10.00）A.strangeB.ordinaryC.ridiculous
8、D.famousA.preconceptionB.worshipC.admirationD.discriminationA.colorB.destroyC.distinguishD.preferA.showB.concealC.cancelD.distainA.funnyB.unbiasedC.freshD.straightA.surprisingB.commonC.acknowledgedD.unbelievableA.religionB.beliefC.ideaD.synagogueA.possessionB.honorC.privacyD.reputationA.requireB.dis
9、perseC.revealD.getA.countriesB.filesC.regionsD.casesA.cleanedB.putC.designedD.automatedA.beforeB.afterC.withD.withoutA.confessionalB.churchC.otherD.privateA.casualB.seriousC.mediumD.temporaryA.begB.pleadC.appealD.requireA.policeB.confessorC.bossD.priestA.keepB.leakC.intensifyD.expressA.insultingB.im
10、portantC.forgivableD.proudA.ofB.amongC.onD.withinA.unknownB.strikingC.obviousD.intimate二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Anyone who has searched for a job fresh out of college knows how difficult it is to get that first job. Sending out hundreds of res
11、umes, only to get a few interviews in the endif you“re lucky!and if you“re very lucky, eventually there“s a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the way? It depends on whether you are a “maximizer“ or a “satisficer“. Maximizers want to explore every
12、 possible option before choosing a job. They gather every stick of information in the hope of making the best possible decision. If you are a satisficer, however, you make decisions based on the evidence at hand. Simply put, satisficers are more likely to cut their job search short and take the firs
13、t job offer. Maximizers are more likely to continue searching until a better job offer comes along. Which type of approach yields the better payoff?. A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a study of the job search of 548 members of the Class of 2002 by Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and
14、Barry Schwartz, the maximizers put themselves through more contortions in the job hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more likely to make use of outside sources of information and support. But it turned out to be worth it:
15、 the job offers they got were significantly better, in terms of salary, than what the satisficers got. Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37,085; the average starting salary offered to maximizers was $44,515, more than 20 percent higher. The trouble is, however, that h
16、igher pay doesn“t make maximizers a happier group than satisficers. In fact, maximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted. Evidently, being a maximizer can help you earn more income, but that income doesn“t buy more happiness, as the maximize
17、r“s likely to agonize over the prospect of a better job offer out there he or she missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but they“re so busy obsessing about all the things that they could have had, they tend to be less happy with the outcomes they do get.（分数：10.00）(1).What is imp
18、lied in the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.Graduates aren“t well-prepared for jobs when freshing out of colleges.B.Anyone who is very lucky can get a job earlier than those unlucky.C.Satisficers tend to take the first job offer on the table.D.Satisficers wait for something better based on informati
19、on at hand.(2).According to the Paragraph 3, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Maximizers can get something of value from outside information.B.Maximizers tend to apply to more jobs than satisfiers.C.Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz are maximizers.D.The research showed that
20、satisficers were more likely to make use of all the information.(3).The word “contortions“ (Para.3) most probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.choicesB.occupationsC.opportunitiesD.distortions(4).The passage conveys that higher pay _.（分数：2.00）A.brings less happiness to maximizers than to satisficersB.encou
21、rages maximizers seek perfectionC.makes maximizers imagine the prospect of a better job offerD.helps maximizers develop a sense of self-worth(5).Which might be the appropriate title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Higher Pay: Be Happier or UnhappyB.First Offer: Take It or Keep WaitingC.Sources of Informa
22、tion: Outside or at HandD.Position Yourself: A Maximizer or a Satisficer五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Yawning can be a problem at the office for Lindsay Eierman, which makes her embarrassed. “I“ve explained, “I“m sorry, I didn“t get much sleep last night,“ says Ms Eierman, a 26-year-old social worker from
23、 Durham, North Carolina. But a lack of sleep may not be the problem. Researchers are starting to unravel the mystery surrounding the yawn, one of the most common and often embarrassing behaviours. Yawning, they have discovered, is much more complicated than previously thought. Although all yawns loo
24、k the same, they appear to have many different causes and to serve a variety of functions. Yawning is believed to be a means to keep our brains alert in times of stress. Contagious yawning appears to have evolved in many animal species as a way to protect family and friends, by keeping everyone in t
25、he group vigilant. Changes in brain chemistry trigger yawns, which typically last about six seconds and often occur in clusters. To unravel the mystery of yawning, scientists built upon early, observed clues. Yawning tends to occur more in summer. Most people yawn upon seeing someone else do it, but
26、 infants and people with autism or schizophrenia aren“t so affected by this contagion effect. And certain people yawn at surprising times, like parachutists who are about to jump out of a plane or Olympic athletes getting ready to compete. A leading hypothesis is that yawning plays an important role
27、 in keeping the brain at its cool, optimal working temperature. The brain is particularly sensitive to overheating, according to Andrew Gallup, an assistant professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Oneonta. Reaction times slow and memory wanes when the brain“s temperature varie
28、s even less than a degree from the ideal 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. There are some practical applications. Dr. Gallup said managers might want to keep in mind the brain-cooling role of yawning when a meeting is long and boring. “One way to diminish yawning frequency in an office would be to keep it ai
29、r-conditioned. If it“s very cold in the room, yawning rates are going to be quite low,“ Dr. Gallup said.（分数：10.00）(1).Lindsay Eierman says she didn“t sleep well last night because _.（分数：2.00）A.yawning is her problemB.her colleague doesn“t forgive herC.she feels very sorry for yawning at the officeD.
30、she regards sleep deprivation as the reason of yawning(2).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true about yawning?（分数：2.00）A.It always happens in groupsB.It makes people relax under pressureC.It is caused by changes in brain chemistryD.It usually lasts approximately six seconds(3)
31、.The word “contagion“ (Para.4) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.spreadingB.learningC.protectionD.imitation(4).According to Dr.Gallup, people in a meeting may yawn when _.（分数：2.00）A.the meeting room is overheatedB.other people around them yawnC.a meeting is brief and interestingD.the air-conditioner
32、temperature is lowered(5).The passage mainly discusses _.（分数：2.00）A.the rates of yawningB.the misconceptions of yawningC.the secrets of yawningD.the applications of yawning六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern
33、society has changed people“s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious“ is not true. It seems that if
34、 you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one
35、 else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city
36、dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different stifle of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms
37、of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one
38、 another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, there may be a link between a community“s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size
39、of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be
40、 tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first pa
41、ragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Two contrasting views are presented.B.An argument is examined and possible solutions given.C.Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.D.A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.(2).According to
42、the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents _.（分数：2.00）A.did not have the same interests as their neighborsB.could not develop long-standing relationshipsC.tended to be associated with bad behaviorD.usually had more friends(3).One of the consequences of urban life is that impersona
43、l relationships among neighbors _.（分数：2.00）A.disrupt people“s natural relationsB.make them worry about crimeC.cause them not to show concern for one anotherD.cause them to the suspicious of each other(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is _.（分数：2.00）A.the better its q
44、uality of lifeB.the more similar its interestsC.the more tolerant and open-minded it isD.the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small town dwellers.B.Advantage
45、s of living in big cities as compared with living in small townsC.The positive role that urbanism plays in modem life.D.The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There were some consistent patterns among the heavier readers: For the younger childrenages 6 to 11bein
46、g read aloud to regularly and having restricted online time were correlated with frequent reading; for the older childrenages 12 to 17one of the largest predictors was whether they had time to read on their own during the school day. The finding about reading aloud to children long after toddlerhood
47、 may come as a surprise to some parents who read books to children at bedtime when they were very young but then tapered off. Last summer, the American Academy of Pediatrics announced a new policy recommending that all parents read to their children from birth. “A lot of parents assume that once kid
48、s begin to read independently, that now that is the best thing for them to do,“ said Maggie McGuire, the vice president for a website for parents operated by Scholastic. But reading aloud through elementary school seemed to be connected to a love of reading generally. According to the report, 41 per
49、cent of frequent readers ages 6 to 10 were read aloud to at home, while only 13 percent of infrequent readers were being read to. Of course, children who love to read are generally immersed in households with lots of books and parents who like to read. So while parents who read to their children later in elementary school may encourage those children to become frequent readers on their own, such behavior can also result from “a whole constellation of other things that goes on in those families,“ said Timothy Shanahan, a past president of
