1、翻译硕士英语学位 MTI 考试四川大学 2013 年真题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：30.00)1.Presumably , excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（分数：2.00）A.TheoreticallyB.PracticallyC.IncrediblyD.Probably2.Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is
2、in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.（分数：2.00）A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined3.It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.（分数：2.00）A.apparentlyB.slightlyC.considerablyD.steadily4.Wives tend to believe that their husbands
3、are infinitely resourceful and versatile.（分数：2.00）A.diligentB.capableC.cleverD.perfect5.What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.（分数：2.00）A.sublimeB.erroneousC.plausibleD.impeccable6.What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive
4、 statement.（分数：2.00）A.suspectB.surmiseC.suspicionD.surrender7.Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional .（分数：2.00）A.permanentB.temporaryC.corruptD.craven8.Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily .（分数：2.00）A.fearlesslyB.confidentlyC.silentlyD.prudently9.Mr. Johnson w
5、as a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism .（分数：2.00）A.energyB.enduranceC.effortD.endeavor10.Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.（分数：2.00）A.guidanceB.sovereigntyC.authorityD.suzerain
6、ty11.The general opinion is that he is _ to complain.（分数：1.00）A.so much a milquetoastB.too a milquetoastC.too much of a milquetoastD.so much of a milquetoast12.The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as _ the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（
7、分数：1.00）A.doB.doesC.playD.are13.Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was _ last week.（分数：1.00）A.to be startedB.to have startedC.to have been startingD.start14.Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion
8、of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, _ its grammatical structure.（分数：1.00）A.the same areB.and so areC.as didD.and so were15.Although money is always useful, it isn“t all _.（分数：1.00）A.what there is to lifeB.to which there is in lifeC.there is to lifeD.that is in life16._ ever s
9、o humble, there“s no place like home.（分数：1.00）A.It beB.Be itC.It wasD.Was it17.Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none _ happier for it.（分数：1.00）A.butB.theC.muchD.any18.Professor Jeffrey“s lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show _ can still be i
10、mproved.（分数：1.00）A.that the municipal authorities have doneB.how those the municipal authorities have doneC.how what the municipal authorities have doneD.that how the municipal authorities have done19.Most insulation devices of this kind, _ manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to
11、install.（分数：1.00）A.that areB.which isC.those areD.as are20.The detective watched and saw the suspect _ a hotel at the corner of the street.（分数：1.00）A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into二、Part Reading C
12、ompr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section 1 Multiple c(总题数：2，分数：20.00)An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It
13、is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some beating. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?
14、A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon othersthe effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has “commit
15、ted perjury“, we are not told what he has actually said. “Robbery“ and “assault“ do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentionedin perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumsta
16、nces, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The conti
17、ngency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of condu
18、ct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn “rule“ behavior. The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification.
19、How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or “enforce“ contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illega
20、lly and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is “not under man but under law“ have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers o
21、f law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.（分数：10.00）(1).In the development of a government agency, _.（分数：2.00）A.the standard on which the judgment may be made is more impo
22、rtant than the actual application of this judgmentB.the function of law is importantC.the study of ordinance is the most importantD.practice is more important than criterion(2).One of the prominent characteristics of a law is _.（分数：2.00）A.the result on the individual“s behavior on which a restrainin
23、g influence is being exercisedB.the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agencyC.the result of a behavior on ordinary citizensD.Both A and B(3).What does the example “committed perjury“ illustrate?（分数：2.00）A.The law will examine closely what the individual said in courtB.It illust
24、rates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on othersC.Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by lawD.Both B and C(4).The other distinguishing trait of the law is _.（分数：2.00）A.punishment is carried out by the courts at al
25、l levelsB.rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government controlC.a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natureD.any governmental reinforcement(5).How does codification of the laws affect governmental agen
26、ts?（分数：2.00）A.The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectivelyB.Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditionsC.Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefitD.Laws can not be altered or modified but they can be increment
27、ed with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence“Sloganeering“ did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a “host-shout,“ “war cry,“ or “gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the s
28、hout or battle cry of soldiers in the field.“ English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant “the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons.“ Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized
29、 primarily as “passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle.“ The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without “the Boston Massacre,“ “the Boston Tea Party,“ “the shot heard around the world,“ and shouts of “no taxation without
30、representation“. Slogans operate in society as “social symbols“ and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups. Because slogans may operate as “significant symbols“ or as key words that h
31、ave a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or o
32、rganize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that “to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise.“ Thus, the slog
33、ans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group“s norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims. Slogans are so pervasive in today“s society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium
34、of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for public interaction and debate. The
35、style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television. The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an “overcommunicated“ society. Ad
36、vertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes “homemade“ or is as good as “Morn used to make“ does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or s
37、oft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother“s baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to asso
38、ciate with an issue, group, product, or event. “Sloganeering“ has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising agency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person. Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential fo
39、r social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. “Gray Power,“ for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and “Huelga“ (strike in Spanish) identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field work
40、ers in the west and southwest.（分数：10.00）(1).“Sloganeering“ stems from a word that was used _.（分数：2.00）A.in the United StatesB.in the IrelandC.on the European continentD.frequently in revolutionary rhetoric(2).What is the writer“s main purpose?（分数：2.00）A.To explain the history of slogansB.To explain
41、the persuasiveness of slogansC.To explain how slogans have changedD.To explain how slogans are used on television(3).Because slogans are “social symbols“ they _.（分数：2.00）A.can have different meanings in different cultural and economic settingsB.are widely used as status symbolsC.can be used to demon
42、strate high social standingD.are perceived as difficult to grasp(4).Lasswell“s and Edelman“s studies are important in that they _.（分数：2.00）A.believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reactionB.demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbolsC.organize collective
43、attitudes around a symbolD.demonstrate a culture“s principles are indicated by the slogans which arc used(5).Television _.（分数：2.00）A.has distorted the purpose of slogansB.has kept consistent the nature of human interactionC.has made political images personal and shorterD.utilizes slogans well四、Secti
44、on 2 Answering (总题数：2，分数：20.00)THE WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tell you the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians,
45、simply by reason of a certain kind of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I ca
46、nnot describe since I know nothing of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slander me. (Interruptions.) Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am. going to say something which is not my own. I wil
47、l tell you who says it and he deserves to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured
48、to put this question to the Oracle(interruptions)I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say. Why do I tell you this? I am
49、 going to explain to you the origin of my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter
