1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 28及答案解析(总分：46.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：46.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._智力测验的初衷及价值 1992 年英译汉及详解 Intelligence at best is an assumptive construct
2、the meaning of the word has never been clear.【F1】 There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason l
3、ogically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a childs capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual ski
4、lls, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed toit was not designed for such purposes.【F2】 To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject
5、 is essentially a comparative affair. 【F3】 Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid“ or “fair“ comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test perf
6、ormed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it.【F4】 The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In sch
7、ool populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on h
8、is test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence“. 【F5】 On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,
9、but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5)
10、.【F5】（分数：2.00）_如何充分利用上大学的时间 1986 年英译汉及详解 It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.【F1】 If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to
11、 select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. 【F2】 If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. 【F3】 Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tabl
12、es and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. 【F4】 Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders“ with no particular interest. They should have longer time to d
13、ecide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadnt taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldnt have ended up as an interpreter, but its too late now. I couldnt go back and begin all
14、over again.“ 【F5】 There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of ones time at university. 【F6】 This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning. 【F7】 He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or fou
15、r years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about. 【F8】 It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed informatio
16、n about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no dema
17、nd in the working world.（分数：16.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_(6).【F6】（分数：2.00）_(7).【F7】（分数：2.00）_(8).【F8】（分数：2.00）_放慢生活节奏：怎样从里到外生活得更平和、更简单 2016 年英译汉及详解 Mental health is our birthright.【F1】 We dont have to learn how to be healthy; it is b
18、uilt into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we dont u
19、nderstand the value of mental health and we dont know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us.【F2】 Our mental health doesnt really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant. Men
20、tal health is the seed that contains self-esteemconfidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our livesthe ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. I
21、ts a form of innate or unlearned optimism.【F3】 Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict,
22、making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows
23、 us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives. 【F4】 Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been
24、 available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought.【F5】
25、As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求 2013 年英译汉及详解 It is speculated th
26、at gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;【F1】 Yet when one looks at the photographs of the
27、 gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point
28、of the turning world,“ to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.【F2】 A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens
29、, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of ones relation to ones environment.【F3】 The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn t exist or was not discerni
30、ble as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived
31、 of green, of plants, of trees,【F4】 most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivatio
32、n of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose ref
33、erence, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.【F5】 It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word “garden“ though in a“liberated“ sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophiliaa yearning for contact with nonhuman lifeassuming uncanny representational forms.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_
