1、2000 年 08 月托福考试语法真题及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The gray scale, a progressive series of shades ranging from black to white, is used in computer graphics _ detail to graphical images. （分数：1.00）A.addedB.to addC.are addedD.and add2. By _ excluding competition from an industry, governments have often cr
2、eated public service monopolies. （分数：1.00）A.they adopt lawsB.laws are adoptedC.adopting lawsD.having laws adopt3._ skeleton of an insect is on the outside of its body. （分数：1.00）A.ItsB.That theC.There is aD.The4.Lenses, _, are used to correct imperfection in eyesight. （分数：1.00）A.are the forms of glas
3、ses and contact lensesB.in the form of glasses and contact lensesC.glasses and contact lenses which formD.glasses and contact lenses may be formed5. In eighteenth-century North American, printed engravings provided_ rococo style. （分数：1.00）A.the most manifestation widespreadB.manifestation widespread
4、 the mostC.the widespread manifestation mostD.the most widespread manifestation6.In the Arctic tundra, ice fog may form under clear skies in winter, _ coastal fogs or low stratus clouds are common in summer. （分数：1.00）A.because ofB.whereasC.despiteD.that7.On attaining maximum size, _ by drawing itsel
5、f out and dividing into two daughter amoebas, each receiving identical nuclear materials. （分数：1.00）A.the reproduction of the amoebaB.the amoeba, which reproducesC.reproducing the amoebaD.the amoeba reproduced8.For the advertiser, one of the greatest appeals of radio is _ an audience all day long. （分
6、数：1.00）A.that it hasB.that to haveC.to have itD.having it9.Charles Schulzs comic strip, “Peanuts,” features children who make _ about life. （分数：1.00）A.funny, wise statement thatB.which funny, wise statementsC.statements are funny but wiseD.funny but wise statements10.One of the major rivers of the w
7、estern United States, _ flows for some 1,5000 miles from Colorado to northwestern Mexico. （分数：1.00）A.it is the Colorado RiverB.the Colorado River whichC.and the Colorado RiverD.the Colorado River11.In art, the tendency of gouache colors to lighten on drying makes _ a wide range of pearly or paste-li
8、ke effects. （分数：1.00）A.it is possibleB.possibleC.possible to beD.it possible the12.Isabel Bishop was one of many American artists _ by the government during the Depression years on various federal art projects. （分数：1.00）A.employedB.whose employmentC.to employD.had been employed13.Outbreaks of diseas
9、es in trees commonly occur _ stressed because of drought or other environmental factors. （分数：1.00）A.as forests that becomeB.in forests becomeC.that become forestsD.when forests become14.To break thick ice, an icebreaker boat moves fast enough to ride up on the ice, _ under its weight. （分数：1.00）A.so
10、then breaksB.when breaks itC.which then breaksD.for which then breaks15.Cholesterol is present in large quantities in the nervous system, where _ compound of myelin. （分数：1.00）A.it aB.aC.beingD.it is a16.Painters of the early twentieth century who were known primarily for they colorful landscapes, th
11、e Group of Seven changed is name to the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Most animals have nervous systems, sense organs, and specialized modes of locomotion, and are capable of securing, ingesting, and to digest food. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The cork oak tree has a layer of cork
12、several inches thickness that can be stripped every ten years. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19. Inflation, interest rates, and overall economic active can be governed by the United States Federal Reserves decision to adjust the supply of money to the economy. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Free radicals of oxygen, which c
13、ommon by-products of metabolic processes in the body, are capable of causing tissue damage. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.By 1830 the glass industry in the United States had become too well established that the country no longer needed to depend on imported glass. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Free land, cheaply transp
14、ortation, and powerfully persuasive railroad advertising all helped flood the western part of the United States with farmersin the nineteenth century. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23. Coral formations have known as fringing reefs are located close to shore, separated from land only by shallow water. （分数：1.00）A.
15、B.C.D.24. For a seagoing, cargo-carrying sailing vessels, the clipper ship was remarkably fast. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Visibly only through large telescopes, Pluto has a yellowish color, which indicates that there is very little atmosphere. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.Diamond is the hardest known substance, so
16、 diamonds can be cut only by another diamonds. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.The International Monetary Fund was created in a effort to stabilize exchange rates without interfering with the healthy growth of trade. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Butterflies and moths undergo complete metamorphosis, them changing from ca
17、terpillar to adult via one intermediate stage, the pupa. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29. Thousands of meteorite hit Earth each year, but most fall into the sea or in remote areas and are never recovered. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Alaska become the forty-ninth state in 1959,and Hawaii became the fiftieth state lately
18、 that year. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.A sponge feeds itself by drawing water through tiny pores on its surface, filtering out food particles, and then expel the water through larger vents. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.32.Toward the end of his life, John Singer Sargent returned to the painting of landscapes and the us
19、e of watercolors, of which he excelled. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.33.Pythons differ than most other snakes by having two well developed lungs rather than a much smaller left lung or no left lung at all. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.34.Weighing among two to five kilograms in adults, the skin is the largest organ of the h
20、uman body. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.35.Rodents dwell in various habitat, some species being aquatic, some terrestrial. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.36. The nectar of flowers are ingested by worker bees and converted to honey in special sacs in their digestive systems. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.37.Lucid dreaming, the ability dre
21、amers to become aware of and to control their dreams while dreaming, is the focus of some current psychological research. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.38.The sensation of sound is produced how vibrations transmitted through the air strike the eardrum. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.39.The musical tone of an electric guitar i
22、s created not by the resonance of the body of the guitar but by electronically amplification. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.40.Considered one of the most beautiful of the fine art, ballet is a combination of dance and mime performed to music. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2000 年 08 月托福考试语法真题答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The gr
23、ay scale, a progressive series of shades ranging from black to white, is used in computer graphics _ detail to graphical images. （分数：1.00）A.addedB.to add C.are addedD.and add解析：答案：B 分析：考察点为动词不定式做目的状语。 A 中 added 为过去分词，一般作后置定语，此处语意不通。 C 中有 are，这样整个句子就多了一个谓语，而 is 是整个句子的谓语，因此排除。 D，整个句子的主语是 the gray scal
24、e，为单数， 应该是 and adds 才正确。 翻译参考： 灰度比例尺，一从黑到白渐变的色调系列，在计算机图形中被用来增加图像的细节。 2. By _ excluding competition from an industry, governments have often created public service monopolies. （分数：1.00）A.they adopt lawsB.laws are adoptedC.adopting laws D.having laws adopt解析：答案：C 分析：考察点为介词 by 后接名词或者动名词，表示“通过手段，达到目的”。
25、A 为主谓结构，by 不能引导从句； B 同为主谓结构，理由同上； D adopt 为动词，造成结构句子结构混乱。 翻译参考：通过采用禁止在某一产业里竞争的法律，政府常常制造了公共服务垄断。 3._ skeleton of an insect is on the outside of its body. （分数：1.00）A.ItsB.That theC.There is aD.The 解析：答案：D 分析：考察点为定冠词； A 中 its 和 of an insect 造成重属关系重复； B that 指示代词和 the 重复； C there is 造成句子双谓语，后面 is 是整个句子的
26、谓语； 翻译参考：昆虫的骨骼在它的身体的外面。 4.Lenses, _, are used to correct imperfection in eyesight. （分数：1.00）A.are the forms of glasses and contact lensesB.in the form of glasses and contact lenses C.glasses and contact lenses which formD.glasses and contact lenses may be formed解析：答案：B 分析：句子主谓宾俱全，空格处修饰 lenses. A 为系表
27、结构，会造成整个句子多一个谓语； B 介词短语，修饰 lenses； C 错误用法； D 主谓结构。 翻译参考：眼镜，分玻璃镜片和隐形镜片两种，被用来矫正视力。 5. In eighteenth-century North American, printed engravings provided_ rococo style. （分数：1.00）A.the most manifestation widespreadB.manifestation widespread the mostC.the widespread manifestation mostD.the most widespread
28、 manifestation 解析：答案：D 分析：关于 most 的用法,词的顺序是 the + most + adj. + N，答案是 D 翻译参考：在18 世纪的北美，雕刻印刷术提供了最广为流传的显示及过分修饰的风格。 6.In the Arctic tundra, ice fog may form under clear skies in winter, _ coastal fogs or low stratus clouds are common in summer. （分数：1.00）A.because ofB.whereas C.despiteD.that解析：答案：B 分析：空
29、格前后为两个完整的分句，由句意可知填转折连词。 A because of 不能接句子；C despite 为介词，不接句子； D 不是转折连词。 翻译参考：在北极的苔原区,冰雾可以在冬天的晴朗的天气下形成，而海岸边雾或者低层云在夏天更常见。 7.On attaining maximum size, _ by drawing itself out and dividing into two daughter amoebas, each receiving identical nuclear materials. （分数：1.00）A.the reproduction of the amoebaB
30、.the amoeba, which reproducesC.reproducing the amoebaD.the amoeba reproduced 解析：答案：D 分析：空格前后为两个分词短语，因此整个句子缺少主语和谓语。 A 只有主语； B 名词和定语从句； C 现在分词； D 主谓结构 翻译参考：为了获得最大的种群数量，变形虫通过把它自己拉长并分裂成两个子变形虫来繁殖，每个子变形虫都获得等同的细胞核物质。 8.For the advertiser, one of the greatest appeals of radio is _ an audience all day long.
31、（分数：1.00）A.that it has B.that to haveC.to have itD.having it解析：答案：A 分析：句子主谓俱全，空格处为宾语. A that 引导宾语从句； B 错误用法； C 不定式结构，但多了一个 it； D 现在分词结构，多了 it 翻译参考：对于登广告的人来说，广播一个最大的吸引力就是它有一个全天候的观众群。 9.Charles Schulzs comic strip, “Peanuts,” features children who make _ about life. （分数：1.00）A.funny, wise statement th
32、atB.which funny, wise statementsC.statements are funny but wiseD.funny but wise statements 解析：答案：D 分析：who 引导的是定语从句，而 make 后面的空格应填名词性结构做宾语从句的宾语。 A 不应有 that； B 错误用法； C 主谓宾结构 翻译参考： Charles Schulz 的连环漫画花生主要刻画的是说起关于人生的话来，滑稽但是聪明的孩子。10.One of the major rivers of the western United States, _ flows for some
33、1,5000 miles from Colorado to northwestern Mexico. （分数：1.00）A.it is the Colorado RiverB.the Colorado River whichC.and the Colorado RiverD.the Colorado River 解析：答案：D 分析：空格处填 One if the major rivers 的同位语. A 这是一个完整的句子； B which多余； C and 多余； D 名词做同位语，正确答案。 翻译参考：美国西部的最大的河流之一，科罗拉多河，从科罗拉多流经大约 1,500 里到墨西哥西北部
34、。11.In art, the tendency of gouache colors to lighten on drying makes _ a wide range of pearly or paste-like effects. （分数：1.00）A.it is possibleB.possible C.possible to beD.it possible the解析：答案：B 分析：这里是 make 的一种用法 make + sth + adj, 是“使某物怎么样“的意思.为了句子的平衡结构,这里将 sth 放在 adj 的后面。B 为正确答案。D 不对，当有 it 这个词的时候，只
35、有以下两种用法：make it adj. to do sth 或者 make it adj. that 翻译参考：在艺术上，树胶水彩画的干燥着色的趋势使达到一系列的珍珠似的或者是蜡笔画似的效果成为可能。 12.Isabel Bishop was one of many American artists _ by the government during the Depression years on various federal art projects. （分数：1.00）A.employed B.whose employmentC.to employD.had been employe
36、d解析：答案：A 分析：句子主谓宾俱全。空格处为定语. A 过去分词做后置定语； B 类似于定语从句，但缺从句的谓语； C 若用不定式结构，应该是被动语态； D 会造成句子多一个谓语 翻译参考：Isabel Bishop 是政府在大萧条时期雇佣的诸多工作于多种联邦艺术工程美国艺术家之一。 13.Outbreaks of diseases in trees commonly occur _ stressed because of drought or other environmental factors. （分数：1.00）A.as forests that becomeB.in forest
37、s becomeC.that become forestsD.when forests become 解析：答案：D 分析：空格前句子已完整，空格处填状语，D 为正确答案； A 中多了 that； 翻译参考：当森林受到因为干旱或是其它环境的因素的威胁时,树木的疾病就经常爆发。 14.To break thick ice, an icebreaker boat moves fast enough to ride up on the ice, _ under its weight. （分数：1.00）A.so then breaksB.when breaks itC.which then brea
38、ks D.for which then breaks解析：答案：C 分析：空格处为定语从句. C 为正确答案 翻译参考：为了打破厚厚的冰块，破冰船以足够速度前进以向上拱开冰块，然后冰块在它的重力下就破碎了。 15.Cholesterol is present in large quantities in the nervous system, where _ compound of myelin. （分数：1.00）A.it aB.aC.beingD.it is a 解析：答案：D 分析：空格前面的句子主谓宾俱全，后面 where 引导的非限制性定语从句。空格中填从句的主语和谓语 A 只有主语
39、； B 不定冠词； C 现在分词； 翻译参考：胆固醇在神经系统中是大量存在的，在那里它是髓磷脂的组成成分。 16.Painters of the early twentieth century who were known primarily for they colorful landscapes, the Group of Seven changed is name to the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933. （分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：答案 ：C 分析：应改为 their 改正：they their 翻译参考：作为 20 世纪初主要
40、以多彩的风景画著称的画家，7 人组合在 1933 年把它的名字改为加拿大画家组合。 17.Most animals have nervous systems, sense organs, and specialized modes of locomotion, and are capable of securing, ingesting, and to digest food. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：答案：D 分析：平行结构。Digest 应改为 digesting。 改正：Digest digesting 翻译参考：多数动物都有神经系统、感觉器官和专门的运动模式,而且它们
41、能够获得、咽下和消化食物。 18.The cork oak tree has a layer of cork several inches thickness that can be stripped every ten years. （分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：答案：B 分析：名词 thickness 应改为形容词 thick。 改正：thickness thick 翻译参考： 栓皮栎(一种树)有一层数英寸厚的、每十年可以剥去的木栓层。19. Inflation, interest rates, and overall economic active can be govern
42、ed by the United States Federal Reserves decision to adjust the supply of money to the economy. （分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：答案：C 分析：平行结构，形容词 active 应改为名词 activity。 改正：active activity 翻译参考：美国联邦储备局可以控制通货膨胀、利率和经济总体的活动来调整资金对经济的供应。 20.Free radicals of oxygen, which common by-products of metabolic processes in t
43、he body, are capable of causing tissue damage. （分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：答案：A 分析：which 引导定语从句缺少谓语，A 应改为 which are common。 改正：which common which are common 翻译参考：氧原子自由基是身体中新陈代谢的普遍的副产品，能够引起组织的损伤。 21.By 1830 the glass industry in the United States had become too well established that the country no longer ne
44、eded to depend on imported glass. （分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：答案：B 分析：so that 为固定用法。Too 改为 so。 改正：too so 翻译参考：到 1830 年，美国的玻璃产业是如此的成熟以至于它不再需要依赖于进口的玻璃了。22.Free land, cheaply transportation, and powerfully persuasive railroad advertising all helped flood the western part of the United States with farmersin th
45、e nineteenth century. （分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：答案：A 分析：应该用形容词 cheap 来修饰名词 transportation，而不应使用副词 cheaply。 改正：cheaply cheap 翻译参考：免费的土地、便宜的交通和有强大说服力的铁路广告促使美国农民在19 世纪大规模地搬到西部地区。 23. Coral formations have known as fringing reefs are located close to shore, separated from land only by shallow water. （分数：1.00
46、）A. B.C.D.解析：答案：A 分析：A 应改为 known。整个句子的谓语是 are located， known as fringing reefs 是分词短语作定语。 改正：have known known 翻译参考：作为边缘礁石而被认知的珊瑚礁坐落于海边,仅仅通过浅水与大陆隔离。 24. For a seagoing, cargo-carrying sailing vessels, the clipper ship was remarkably fast. （分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：答案：B 分析：名词的单复数误用。根据冠词 a 可知，vessels 应改为单数形式
47、 vessel。 改正: vessels vessel 翻译参考：作为一艘远洋货船，快速帆船显然更快。25.Visibly only through large telescopes, Pluto has a yellowish color, which indicates that there is very little atmosphere. （分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：答案：A 分析：副词 visibly 应改为形容词 visible。 改正：visibly visible 翻译参考：只有用大型望远镜才能看见的冥王星是黄色的，这表明它几乎没有大气层。 26.Diamond
48、 is the hardest known substance, so diamonds can be cut only by another diamonds. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：答案：D 分析：another 后接单数名词，而 other 后接复数名词。D 应改为 other。 改正：another other 翻译参考：钻石是已知的最坚硬的物质，所以它只能用其它钻石进行切割。 27.The International Monetary Fund was created in a effort to stabilize exchange rates without
49、interfering with the healthy growth of trade. （分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：答案：B 分析：冠词误用。A effort 应改为 an effort。 改正：a effort an effort 翻译参考：成立世界货币基金组织的目的是在不干涉正常贸易的情况下而稳定汇率。 28.Butterflies and moths undergo complete metamorphosis, them changing from caterpillar to adult via one intermediate stage, the pupa. （分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：答案：B 分析：B 应改为 changing 做伴随状语。 改正： them changing changing 翻译参考：蝴蝶和蛾子都经历了完全变态,通过一个中间状态，蛹，从毛虫变成成体。 29. Thousands of meteorit
