1、2016 年 3 月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案解析(总分：212.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING TEST(总题数：8，分数：80.00)1.SECTION 1 LISTENING TEST_2.Part A Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you hav
2、e heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE._Good morning. The discussion topic for todays seminar is “Homelessness in America. “ In the United States, homelessness has 1during the last decade. Estimates of th
3、e number of Americans currently without 2vary wildly. Advocacy groups like the National Coalition for the Homeless say that 3Americans live on the streets or in emergency and temporary shelters. The US Department concerned puts the figure at 4. Yet both bureaucrats and advocates agree on one point,
4、that is, the face of homelessness 5in the past 10 years, as more and more low-income housing is mowed down 6. Some 20 years ago, the typical “street person“ was a white male who suffered from a mental illness or 7. Todays homeless, however, are a more eclectic group. 8of the homeless today are Black
5、, mostly 9. More than half of them have never been homeless before. In many cases, they have been evicted from their homes, or the 10in which they lived was demolished or burned down. About 60 percent of all homeless people live on 11with an average monthly income of 450 dollars. About 20 percent ar
6、e mentally ill. All sorts of people have been pushed out of 12because of the critical shortage of affordable places to live. As a result, homelessness has climbed to the top of the 13of social concerns. But there is a great gap between concern and active involvement 14this growing problem. For many
7、people, the inaction is 15, not indifference. The fact is that there are many ways in which individuals can 16. Yet for those people 17, one of the first steps is to get to know the homeless and understand how they 18. Many advocates believe that it is important for 19to get to know and reach out to
8、 the homeless and 20.（分数：40.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_4.Part B Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each
9、 one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET._A.She is ove
10、rcharged by someone for her house maintenance.B.She is interested in becoming a builder herself.C.She needs to know basic principles of roof construction.D.She needs to find a book on roofs in the local library.A.She has had her house roof repaired.B.She has just retired.C.She has enrolled in some c
11、ourse.D.She has read a book on roofs.A.A roof with some straight pieces.B.A triangle structure to support a load.C.An insurance policy for retirement.D.A panel point connecting joints.A.Sledges.B.Wind meters.C.Roof covers.D.Suspension bridges.A.He is a librarian.B.He is a repairman.C.He is a builder
12、.D.He is a weatherman.A.11.B.19.C.20.D.170.A.A wave of toxic mud travels down the Rio Doce River in Brazil.B.Many species of marine life such as the dolphins and whales face extinction.C.It has incurred heavy casualties including 11 people dead and 12 people missing.D.It has caused severe pollution
13、in the Atlantic Ocean.A.Its sales representatives have been misleading their customers in the purchase of computers.B.Its experts are not aware of the software installed on Dells PC computers worldwide.C.There is a certificate used as part of a support tool to make the Dell computer work faster.D.Th
14、ere is a security hole allowing access to bank details and other personal data.A.Scientists are finding new ways in using microbubbles for medical treatment.B.Scientists are optimistic about the effectiveness of microbubbles to computers.C.In the near future, microbubbles will float through the huma
15、n body to reflect stronger ultrasound waves.D.Beyond medicine, microbubbles will revolutionise manufacturing processes of computer microchips.A.30 million.B.92 million.C.100 million.D.115 million.A.Teachers.B.Relatives.C.Parents.D.Friends.A.Dyeing their hair.B.Falling in love.C.Making fashion statem
16、ents.D.Wearing baggy pants.A.They are less communicative with their parents.B.They are monitored more and more at school.C.They become less talkative at home.D.They are more likely to change cell phones.A.When they start dating boyfriends or girlfriends.B.When they pierce their ears and change their
17、 hair styles.C.When they play video games on the Internet.D.When they do something dangerous or illegal.A.Remember not to use annoying language with children.B.Repeat what their parents said in childhood.C.Draw lessons from their own experience as teenagers.D.Try their best to enjoy or like their ch
18、ildrens activities.A.By doing research work on middle-income boomer retirees.B.By asking current retirees about their happiness and regrets.C.By learning from those people who keep a modest living.D.By investigating pension plans and their effectiveness.A.Creating a retirement budget.B.Making new fr
19、iends.C.Purchasing a new house.D.Developing new hobbies or interests.A.Being compelled to retire at an earlier time.B.Starting to save too late and saving too little.C.Not taking better care of ones health.D.Not having a spending plan and carrying too much debt.A.20%.B.49%.C.70%.D.81%.A.The earlier
20、you take steps to prepare for your retirement, the more you will enjoy retirement happiness.B.The more you travel with your old relatives and friends, the happier you will become in your family life.C.Most retired people are not happy with their life and there are more regrets than happiness once th
21、ey retire.D.You cannot live a decent life once you retire unless you have taken Social Security at the best time.二、READING TEST(总题数：5，分数：50.00)5.SECTION 2 READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE
22、 best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.（分数：10.00）_Global average temperatures are set
23、 to rise by 1C above pre-industrial levels for the first time, as the worlds climate enters “uncharted territory“, scientists at the Met Office said. This year is also expected to be the hottest on record, with the temperatures so far in 2015 beating past records “ by a country mile“, the meteorolog
24、ists said. The World Meteorological Organization further announced yesterday that 2016 would be the first year in which the average concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would be above 400 parts per million(ppm), because of the continued burning of fossil fuels. The three landmark indica
25、tors were announced three weeks before a crunch UN summit in Paris starting on 30 November where world leaders including Barack Obama, Xi Jinping and David Cameron will try to reach a legally binding and universal deal on cutting emissions. The Met Office s data from January to September 2015 alread
26、y shows global average temperatures have risen by 1 C compared to pre-industrial times, for the first time. The increase is due to the “unequivocal“ influence of increasing carbon emissions combined with the El Nino climate phenomenon currently under way. The Met Office expects the full-year tempera
27、ture for 2015 to remain above the 1 C level. In contrast, it was below 0. 9C in 2014, marking a sharp increase in climate terms. “This is the first time were set to reach the 1 C marker and its clear that it is human influence driving climate into uncharted territory,“ said Prof Stephen Belcher, “We
28、 have passed the halfway mark to the 2 C target. “ The announcement of symbolic milestones in the runup to the Paris summit will increase pressure on negotiators to deliver a strong deal to avert the catastrophic global warming expected beyond 2 C of warming. “Mother Nature has been kind to the Fren
29、ch, but it should not be that way,“ said Prof Myles Allen from Oxford, referring to the impetus the milestones should give to the Paris conference. “International negotiations on climate change should not be in hock to what happens . in the preceding nine months.“ In any case, he said: “The last thr
30、ee months of 2015 would have to be really odd to change projections of unprecedented warming for 2015 as we are beating the records by a country mile. “ Amber Rudd, the UKs energy and climate change secretary, said: “Climate change is one of the most serious threats we face to our economic prosperit
31、y, poverty eradication and global security. Pledges to reduce emissions made by countries are just the beginning. We need to ensure that as the costs of clean energy fall, countries can be more ambitious with their climate targets. “ Climate change is clear in the Central England Temperature record,
32、 which is the longest in the world and stretches back to 1772, said Ed Hawkins, a climate scientist at the University of Reading. “We can see the fingerprint of global warming in our own backyard. Central England has warmed 20% more than the global average and we expect that to continue,“ he said. T
33、he impacts of climate change have been analysed in other research presented yesterday by the UKs Avoid project. It found that, compared with unchecked global warming, keeping the temperature rise below 2 C would reduce heatwaves by 89%, flooding by 76%, cropland decline by 41% and water stress by 26
34、%. Joanna Haigh, professor of atmospheric physics said the last UN climate summit in Denmark in 2009 failed, making Paris crucial in preventing widespread damage: “Copenhagen was generally considered a complete disaster, so it is very important that countries get together at Paris. “ Belcher said 4
35、C of warming would be much more harmful than simply doubling the impacts expected with 2 C. He said the European heatwave of 2003 with 70,000 deaths would be “a rather mild summer“ in a 4 C world. The Met Office report also showed that two-thirds of the worlds “carbon budget“ the maximum CO 2 that c
36、an be emitted over time to keep below 2 Chad been used up by the end of 2014. But only one-third of the sea-level rise expected from 2 C of warming60cm by 2100has so far occurred, because of the time it takes for large ice sheets to melt. Prof Andrew Shepherd, at the University of Leeds, said a rece
37、nt NASA study indicating that ice mass grew in Antarctica from 2003-2008 was contradicted by 57 other studies and had just a 5-10% chance of being a correct prediction.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can serve as the title of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Climate change: Threat to Prosperity, Poverty
38、Eradication and Global SecurityB.The last major UN climate summit in Denmark: a complete disasterC.The significance of the Central England Temperature recordD.The Unpredictable Impacts of the Rising Global Average Temperature by 1 C(2).The author uses all of the following as indicators of unpreceden
39、ted warming EXCEPT that_.（分数：2.00）A.global average temperatures have first risen by 1 C compared with pre-industrial timesB.global temperatures of 2015 are expected to be the hottest, beating all past recordsC.the influence of increasing CO 2 emissions combined with the El Nino climate phenomenon ha
40、s become the strongestD.the average concentration of CO 2 in the air would be above 400ppm in 2016(3).The quotation marks used in the expression “the unequivocal influence of increasing carbon emissions“(para. 2)mainly tell us that such influence_.（分数：2.00）A.is clear-cut and fully supported by evide
41、nceB.might be much more complicated and need more investigationC.will never be clarified and well definedD.cannot be concluded through mere observation and analysis(4).The phrase “be in hock to“ from paragraph 4 can best be paraphrased as_.（分数：2.00）A.be under the control withB.be attributed toC.be o
42、n the shelf withD.be confined to(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.In a 4 C world, the destruction would be more than doubling the impacts with 2 C.B.The “carbon budget“ of the world would be used up long before 2100.C.The prediction of 2003-2008 ice mass growth in
43、 Antarctica was overoptimistic.D.It would take more time to reach the sea-level rise expected from 2 C of warming.I once attended a Downing Street reception where Tony Blair invited questions from leading magazine editors. One woman, from a big consumer title, asked if New Labour had plans to tax on
44、e-use plastic bags that were destroying the environment. Blair pulled a mock-baffled “Hey, guys, Im busy running the country here“ face and answered in a tone of purest condescension. This was around 2005, a few years after Ireland, with little fuss at all, had introduced a small charge for plastic
45、bags. Within a year, everyone had learnt to keep a jute sack or string shopper under their desk, and this young, adaptable, upbeat nation had cut the number of bags cluttering Irish hedgerows by 94 %. It is such an easy, clever bit of nudge politics, which has already worked right across northern Eu
46、rope.(Is it not strange that we each use 158 plastic bags a year but a Dane only four?)And yet here we are in Englandfour years after Wales, two after Northern Ireland, a year after Scotland bringing it in at last on Monday. And unlike the devolved nations, England cant just keep it simple and charg
47、e 5p for bags in all stores, but only those with more than 250 employees. Corner shops in Aberdeen have coped, yet those in London cant. The light from an explosion in deep space can take billions of years to be seen on Earth. And the gap between a social ill being identified, backed by irrefutable scientific evidence, and parliament changing the law, is often almost as long. That cigarettes are poisonous and young lungs fragile have been be
