1、BFT（阅读）-试卷 14 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：1，分数：16.00)Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(AH)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Sleeping in Space A voyage to Mars woul
2、d take about eight months on a modern spaceship. That might seem like a great opportunity to catch up on your sleep. 1 “If we at some point really want to go to Mars and we want to send humans, then we need to know how they will cope,“ Mathias Basner told Science News. He is a sleep researcher at th
3、e University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine in Philadelphia. 2 Their experiment was like a long-running game of make-believe: Six men spent 520 days a little more than 74 weeks on a pretend voyage to Mars. In fact, the crew spent the entire time confined inside a small, windowless caps
4、ule in Moscow, Russia. 3 During their “trip,“ the travelers pretended to land on Mars and to carry out science tests. Throughout the pretend trip, other scientists collected data on the travelers. 4Once every minute, that device recorded the mans motions. From these data, Basners team found that the
5、 volunteers were less active and slept more as the pretend mission continued. During the last 18.5 weeks of the trial, most participants were sleeping more each day than they had during the first 18.5 weeks. 5One mans natural sleep cycle shifted from a roughly 24-hour day to almost 25 hours long.(By
6、 coincidence, that time is closer to the length of a day on Mars.)This meant that he was sometimes awake when his crew members were asleep, and vice versa. 6Tests showed that he became less alert. Messing with sleep can have serious consequences, says Jeffrey Sutton. 7He also directs the Center for
7、Space Medicine at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. “When you are doing high-risk behavior in space, a performance deficit can be life threatening, he told Science News. The decrease in activity found by Basners team could also prove problematic in space, says Sutton. 8A Hes a doctor and sc
8、ientist who worked on the study.B Another one of the six pretend travelers slept less over time.C His team published its new findings in early January.D Each participant wore a device on his wrist.E Astronauts may need to increase their exercise to stay healthy.F But a recent experiment finds that p
9、eople may develop sleep problems on a long space journey or at least on the pretend trip in these tests. G Four of the men also developed sleep problems.H The goal of this trial: to learn how people would cope with living in close quarters during travel to and from the Red Planet.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空
10、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Part 2(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Read the following passage and answer questions 9-18.1. The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing advice to the poor countries that they restrain their birthrates. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in
11、which birthrates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the ba
12、by boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.2. It is true the American dont typically plan their birth to set an example for developing nations. They are more affected by womens liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid job and careers available, they are less willing
13、to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdo
14、wn and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.3. These circumstanceswomen working outside the home and the instability of marriage tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries during the remainder of this century. Along with them goes social mobi
15、lity, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.4. Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the food harvest of 1976 and 1977 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of de
16、veloping nations struggling under the weight of twice present population by the year 2000.5. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial
17、society will spread to the poor countries, and aspirations will exceed resources. All this will lead to population in the 21st century smaller than was feared years ago. For those anxious to see the population brought under control, the news is encouraging.Questions 9-13 For questions 913, choose th
18、e best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(15), mark one letter(AG)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. The factors bringing down the birthrate in Europe.B. Womens liberation affects the birthrate.C. Birthrate in US raised after the war.D. Bringing popula
19、tion under control is possible.E. The birthrate in United States is low.F. Food shortage and urbanization brought population under control.G. The reasons that low-birthrate involved.（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Pa
20、ragraph 4: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5: 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(AG)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. peoples desire to seek fortune i
21、n citiesB. lack of foodC. was fallingD. in stable marriageE. not a serious problem as expectedF. womens desire for independenceG. womens improved status（分数：10.00）(1).During the years from 1957 to 1976, the birthrate of the United States 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).What influences the birthrate most in the
22、 United States is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The chief factor in bringing down the birthrate in Europe in the 19th century is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Bringing population under control in the 21st century is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Presently the stable population of rich countries is due to 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_
23、三、Part 3(总题数：1，分数：14.00)Read the following passage and answer questions 1925. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. Training must have purpose, which is defined a firm analyses of its training needs. A review of manpower planning should
24、include a training analysis, which looks carefully at the training at the point of view of the company, its various department and personnel. This may show the weaknesses existing in some departments and that, as a result, training is needed for their staff. Training needs are based on an analysis o
25、f the job description and job specification. A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a specific job, and job specifications should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected by an employee who works in it. When all of these have
26、been collected, it is possible to begin the training. This specifies what the training department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period. There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages to al
27、l of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills take place “off the job“ in the classroom; but in training in using these skills take place “on the job“ by
28、means of such activities as job rotation and planned experience. It is always difficult to evaluate the cost and savings of a training program. The success of such program depends not only on the methods but also on the quality of the staff that do the training. A company can often check on saving i
29、n time and cost by examine the manual work performed by operators and technicians who have completed a training program. The evaluation of management and a supervisory training is much more complex than that. In order to test the result of management and supervisory training, many companies have loo
30、ked at such things as the number of management and supervisory staff who leave their employment and the number who stay away from the work for the reason of health.（分数：14.00）(1).According to the passage, an analysis of training needs is based on _.（分数：2.00）A.the performance required for a general jo
31、bB.the work knowledge and skills expected in a personC.the costs and savings of a training programD.both the performance and knowledge and skills expected in a job(2).From the passage, we learn that “training in using them“ take place _.（分数：2.00）A.in the classroomB.in the laboratoryC.on the jobD.at
32、the training department(3).According to the passage, if a company wants to achieve a successful staff training, they have to _.（分数：2.00）A.have a certain purposeB.understand the difference between learning skills and training in using themC.train specificationD.give details of the performance(4).The
33、main idea of the third paragraph is _.（分数：2.00）A.different training methodsB.how to train work staff successfullyC.how to chose the training methodD.the content of training(5).If a company wants to evaluate the costs of a training program, the two things it has to know are _.（分数：2.00）A.the training
34、methods used and the staff who do the trainingB.checking on the saving in time regularlyC.examination of the manual work performedD.evaluation of the management and supervisory training(6).If a company wants to make it possible to make a training specification, it should _.（分数：2.00）A.know successful
35、 performance of the jobB.make it clear the best methods to useC.collect job descriptions and job specificationsD.have proper behavior, knowledge and skills(7).The best title of this passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.Staff TrainingB.How to Give a Staff TrainingC.Staff Training Cost EvaluationD.Way of Staff Tra
36、ining四、Part 4(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each space. For questions 2645, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet. Both【C1】_and zoology are parts of a more general field of science, biology. The two are studies of【C2】_things, which share certa
37、in characteristics,【C3】_they are plants or animals. Botany deals with plants, whose organisms that can【C4】_their own food by the use of sunlight. Zoology on【C5】_hand, deals with animals, those organisms that cannot manufacture their own food and are thus dependent【C6】_plants for their food. 【C7】_pla
38、nts and animals share many abilities, the extent【C8】_which plants can exercise some of those abilities is【C9】_. For example, both plants and animals need food, water, and warmth for growth,【C10】_plants can move to【C11】_those needs only by the slow extraction of their leaves and roots, while animals
39、can move relatively【C12】_distances in relatively little time. When an animal is hurt with needle, the animal will【C13】_the part of the body【C14】_. This ability to draw back【C15】_pain or irritation, called irritability, is found only to a very limited extent in plants. If plants【C16】_the same【C17】_as
40、 animals, animals would have had a more difficult time finding food. If animals were as limited as plants, they might【C18】_a means of manufacturing their own food, as plants do now. The world would be a very different place【C19】_it is if the characteristics of plants and animals were【C20】_.（分数：40.00
41、）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.biologyB.botanyC.chemistryD.mathematics(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.livableB.aliveC.livingD.lively(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.whetherB.andC.bothD.all(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.sustainB.wasteC.consumeD.manufacture(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.otherB.the otherC.anotherD.each other(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.onB.inC.atD.with(7).
42、【C7】（分数：2.00）A.ButB.AlthoughC.AndD.Furthermore(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.inB.toC.withD.on(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.definiteB.indefiniteC.limitedD.unlimited(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.thereforeC.butD.and(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.acquireB.requireC.admitD.constitute(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.manyB.littleC.largeD.small(13).【C1
43、3】（分数：2.00）A.shareB.achieveC.extendD.withdraw(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.been hurtB.hurtC.being hurtD.have hurt(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.outB.fromC.inD.to(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.haveB.would haveC.will haveD.had(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.mobilityB.approachC.stakeD.organ(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.evolveB.have evolvedC.be evolve
44、dD.be evolving(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.thanB.whatC.whichD.that(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.re-examinedB.revisedC.reversedD.reviewedBFT（阅读）-试卷 14 答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：1，分数：16.00)Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each
45、gap(1-8)mark one letter(AH)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Sleeping in Space A voyage to Mars would take about eight months on a modern spaceship. That might seem like a great opportunity to catch up on your sleep. 1 “If we at some point really want to go to Mars and we want to s
46、end humans, then we need to know how they will cope,“ Mathias Basner told Science News. He is a sleep researcher at the University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine in Philadelphia. 2 Their experiment was like a long-running game of make-believe: Six men spent 520 days a little more than
47、74 weeks on a pretend voyage to Mars. In fact, the crew spent the entire time confined inside a small, windowless capsule in Moscow, Russia. 3 During their “trip,“ the travelers pretended to land on Mars and to carry out science tests. Throughout the pretend trip, other scientists collected data on
48、the travelers. 4Once every minute, that device recorded the mans motions. From these data, Basners team found that the volunteers were less active and slept more as the pretend mission continued. During the last 18.5 weeks of the trial, most participants were sleeping more each day than they had during the first 18.5 weeks. 5One mans natural sleep cycle shifted from a roughly 24-hour day to almost 25 hours long.(By coi
