1、GRE23及答案解析(总分：26.98，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART ONE （Time：30(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.Smith is -|_|-, to the degree that he seldom disguises his contempt towards -|_|-activities.（分数：1.00）A.a firebrand . religiousB.a dilettante . convivialC.a philistine . intellectualD.a misanthrope . individualisticE.a plebian . comm
2、on2.The real problem is not the economic crisis that dominates the headlines, but a pair of intertwined long-term concerns: the shrinking work force, and money squandered on life support for -|_|-industries and backward regions.（分数：1.00）A.relevantB.moribundC.nascentD.deservingE.thriving3.It is diffi
3、cult to conceive how, even for those people well disposed to rule themselves, the attempt to achieve happiness should be rendered so -|_|-by one single curse, that of a bad form of government.（分数：1.00）A.laudatoryB.ineffectualC.corruptD.disorganizedE.ill-tempered4.As a genre the musical has a great d
4、eal to -|_|-it: its dramatic rhythmic beats of alternating failure and success are -|_|-to the musical form, and the singing and dancing emerge naturally from the story.（分数：1.00）A.occupy . inimicalB.recommend . appositeC.distract . unknownD.encumber . endemicE.abet . exogamic5.A serious critic faces
5、 a dilemma: he must recognize the artistic element of uniqueness that -|_|-subjective reaction; yet he must not be unduly -|_|-by such a reaction.（分数：1.00）A.requires . prejudicedB.denies . limitedC.warrants . repelledD.invalidates . attractedE.repudiates . approbated6.Several surgeons cautioned agai
6、nst -|_|-the new procedure, -|_|-that patients had been kept in the dark too long about its possible catastrophic consequences.（分数：1.00）A.eschewing . ponderingB.adopting . complainingC.publicizing . addingD.revising . advocatingE.administering . forgetting7.The view that the yield of rice remains st
7、eady is by no means -|_|-, owing to the fact that yearly tempests overflowing Asia influence it in -|_|-manner.（分数：1.00）A.uncertain . a capriciousB.uncontested . a predictableC.unrealistic . a catastrophicD.convincing . a redundantE.infallible . an erratic二、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Disease is a fluid
8、 concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that change diachronically in response to new scientific and medical discoveries. Historically, doctors defined a disease according to a cluster of symptoms, and Live as their clinical descriptions became more sophisticated, they started to clas
9、sify diseases into separate groups, so that from this medical taxonomy came new insights into disease etiology. Before the 20th century, schizophrenia and syphilitic insanity were treated as the same disease, but by early 1900 it became evident that psychoses without associated dementia represented
10、a separate disease for which the term schizophrenia was then coined. The definition of schizophrenia continues to evolve from the psychiatric disease of the 1960s to an illness with a suspected genetic etiology, though the existence of such an etiology remains uncertain. While an optimistic hunt is
11、still on for the genes involved, we must continue to define schizophrenia in terms of the presence or absence of “positive“ and “negative“ symptoms. Labeling someone as diseased, however, has enormous individual, social, financial, and physical implications, for irrespective of disease symptoms, the
12、 label itself may lead to significant distress. Individuals with asymptomatic conditions, including genetic variations, may be perceived by themselves or others as having a disease. It is not that labeling someone as diseased is always positiveit does have severe ramifications, affecting decisions t
13、o have children or resulting in unjust treatment by life, medical, and disability insurersbut it can be beneficial, legitimizing symptoms, clarifying issues of personal responsibility, and improving accessibility to health care. Nevertheless, deviations from normal that are not associated with risk
14、should not be considered synonymous with disease. Two schools nominalist and essentialist or reductionisthave debated the clinical criteria used to label a patient as diseased. Nominalists label symptoms with a disease name, such as schizophrenia, and do not offer an explanation of the underlying et
15、iology, while essentialists contend that for every disease there is an underlying pathological etiology, and now argue that the essential lesion defining the disease state is a genetic abnormality. It has been suggested that diseases defined according to the essentialist tradition may be precisely w
16、rong, whereas those defined in the nominalist traditional may be roughly accurate. But in labeling a disease state, we must consider both the phenotype (symptoms) or the genotype (genetic abnormality), for the former describes a state that places individuals at some definable risk of adverse consequ
17、ences, while the latter helps suggest specific genetic or pharmacologic therapies. Thus, both clinical criteria and genetic abnormalities should be used to define a disease state, and the choice of a disease definition will vary according to what one wishes to achieve, the genetic counseling of fami
18、ly members or the effective treatment of the patient. （分数：0.98）(1).The author of the passage is primarily concerned with -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.revealing a commonly ignored distinctionB.proposing a return to a traditional taxonomical systemC.describing an way to resolve a taxonomical dilemmaD.assessing th
19、e success of a new taxonomical methodE.predicting a change in future taxonomy(2).It can be inferred that the author considers the way schizophrenia has been classified by doctors after 1960 to be an example of which of the following?（分数：0.14）A.A disease which resisted traditional methods of classifi
20、cation, but has been served well by modern methods of classificationB.A disease which has resisted modern methods of classification, and continues to require a traditional method of classificationC.A disease which satisfies modern methods of classification best, but which scientists prefer to classi
21、fy through a traditional methodD.A disease which satisfies traditional methods of classification best, but which scientists prefer to classify through a modern methodE.A disease which may be defined equally well by modern methods of classification as by traditional ones(3).It can be inferred that th
22、e author of the passage considers the application of the label “diseased“ to a patient to be -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.often inhumane and rarely necessaryB.unrelated to the actual study of disease taxonomyC.often necessary but undesirable in certain casesD.a superficial approach to the patients healthE.too d
23、ifficult to be done with accuracy(4).The author of the passage suggests that all of the following may be consequences of applying a pathological taxonomy to a diseased person EXCEPT -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.Easier access to health care for the victimB.Social discrimination against the victimC.Influence on t
24、he victims decision to reproduceD.Helping to cure the victims conditionE.Complication of the victims ability to obtain insurance(5).According to the passage, an adherent of the “nominalist school“ cited in the third paragraph would classify a rare new fever in which of the following ways?（分数：0.14）A.
25、She would establish what cures the fever, then compare the treatment with other successful treatments to classify the disease.B.She would wait until the disease appears in other patients, then classify it by establishing variations in their symptoms.C.She would determine whether the disease is acqui
26、red or genetic, then classify it accordingly.D.She would isolate the bacteria or virus or genetic anomaly which causes the disease, then classify it accordingly.E.She would describe the patients symptoms, compare them to patients who have had similar symptoms, then treat the pattern as a disease.(6)
27、.Which of the following best describes the function of the last paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole?（分数：0.14）A.It summarizes the benefits that may accrue from a perfected system of pathological taxonomy.B.It provides additional reasons why pathological taxonomy is a difficult endeavor.C.
28、It argues for a synthesis of two methods of pathological taxonomy already in use.D.It continues to highlight the differences between two methods of taxonomical pathological taxonomy.E.It provides information that points to the eventual abandonment of a particular system of pathological taxonomy.(7).
29、It can be inferred that which of the following situations is likely to be most problematic to an adherent of the “essentialist“ method of pathological taxonomy?（分数：0.14）A.A patient suffering from fever, in which the virus that is apparently responsible for the symptoms has not been isolatedB.A patie
30、nt suffering from lung inflammation which, though resembling other inflammations, does not respond to any known treatmentsC.A patient suffering from a genetic anomaly whose cause may be known but whose consequences remain unidentifiedD.A patient infected with a variety of bacteria that is known to c
31、ause two diseases with dissimilar symptomsE.A case of a patient with symptoms that may have arisen from two known diseases of different sourcesWhile examination of Eisenstein s work has yielded better understandings of film theory, such attention is rarely granted to the work of his successors. Even
32、 within the comparatively specialized field of film studies, these films remain largely ignored; they are discussed in a reductive and superficial manner when taught, typically valued solely for rejecting or contesting Hollywood norms, trivializing movements sorely in need of rejuvenation, and given
33、 the economic situation of independent film production, such ignorance generates a destructive cycle of neglect and ignorance. The stakes involved in naming Eisenstein as the model of the modernist film project are especially fraught since the values implicit in such a decision help determine the av
34、ailability of entire bodies of radical film. One deleterious result of applying the “Eisenstein standard“ has been to make it easier than ever to remain ignorant of experimental film forms, which can uniformly be extolled as “transgressive“ or “deconstructive“ without serious engagement. （分数：-1.00）(
35、1).According to the passage, which of the following is true about the films that continued Eisensteins filmmaking tradition?（分数：-0.25）A.They tend to trivialize the Eisenstein movement by rejecting Hollywood norms.B.Although they have not been taught frequently, they have had a transgressive influenc
36、e on experimental film-making.C.Their availability has been diminished by the apotheosis of Eisenstein as their model.D.These films are valued for the challenge they have presented to the norms of Hollywood film.E.These films would almost certainly be more popular with mainstream(2).Which of the fol
37、lowing is most analogous to the fate that the experimental films, described above, have received as a result of their association with Eisensteins work?（分数：-0.25）A.A lesser-known author is discovered to have influenced a more famous one, and his works are rescued from anonymity.B.An experimental art
38、istic tradition falls into decline as a result of its practitioners adopting the idiom of a more popular one.C.A popular composers oeuvre is held up as the epitome of the genre, so that music critics praise his pupils work without bothering to listen to it.D.The interest in an archeological method d
39、iminishes over time, largely out of the failure of its inventor to generate new results.E.A painter rebels against the advice of her teacher, after critics observe that her own work is indistinguishable from his.(3).The author of the passage suggests that which of the following is true of the practi
40、ce of establishing the “Eisenstein standard“ as a model of modernist films?（分数：-0.25）A.While the standard is daunting and rarely achieved, it nevertheless raises the overall standard of art making in a positive fashion.B.It is a risky position for a critic to take, given that Eisensteins films are c
41、onsistently inferior to those of his imitators.C.This practice has the unfortunate effect of establishing which films will be noted and which ignored in the future, without regard to merit.D.On the balance it is a wise practice, as it maintains interest in Eisenstein s imitators who would otherwise
42、go forgotten.E.It has the effect of ameliorating the transgressive or controversial reputation of experimental film.(4).The passage implies that the present “economic situation of independent film production and distribution“ is_.（分数：-0.25）A.thriving but threatenedB.secure but inertC.moribund but re
43、coveringD.penurious and in need of helpE.salubrious but unpredictable四、SECTION 3(总题数：9，分数：9.00)8.ARTLESS: GUILE : :（分数：1.00）A.moribund: amicabilityB.philistine: sophisticationC.invincible: enmityD.dedicated: cunningE.mighty: weakness9.INVINCIBLE: CONQUER : :（分数：1.00）A.irresistible: rebukeB.impeccabl
44、e: errC.impregnable: defyD.invulnerable: injureE.exculpable: deviate10.MARGIN: PAGE : :（分数：1.00）A.rope: textureB.tablecloth: tableC.suburb: cityD.hamper: pitcherE.footlight: stage11.CONIFER: NEEDLE: :（分数：1.00）A.potato: tuberB.cactus: spineC.melon: gourdD.bud: stalkE.grove: timber12.DEBT: OBLIGATION
45、: :（分数：1.00）A.patronage: loanB.collateral: protectionC.paragraph: lineD.gratuity: noteE.bonus: liability13.OUTSKIRTS: TOWN : :（分数：1.00）A.wine: gobletB.leaf: plantC.shoulder: thoroughfareD.wing: helicopterE.step: stairs14.EDDY: CURRENT : :（分数：1.00）A.disease: plagueB.pummel: assaultC.knot: plankD.conq
46、uest: attackE.commotion: spectacle15.PREVARICATE: TRUTH : :（分数：1.00）A.expound: incoherenceB.invent: exculpationC.involve: disclosureD.equivocate: commitmentE.substantiate: fabrication16.HESITANCY: ALACRITY : :（分数：1.00）A.weather: dangerB.torpor: vigorC.adulation: attractionD.indifference: tediumE.yea
47、rning: conception五、SECTION 4(总题数：11，分数：11.00)17.RUE:（分数：1.00）A.vigorB.contentmentC.genuinenessD.maliceE.compassion18.ASPERSIONS:（分数：1.00）A.annoyanceB.plundersC.misgivingsD.sycophancyE.regrets19.FACILITATE:（分数：1.00）A.gripB.secreteC.sanctifyD.impedeE.hurdle20.RANCOR:（分数：1.00）A.valorB.buoyancyC.kindnes
48、sD.dominanceE.reverence21.PROMPT:（分数：1.00）A.step downB.checkC.deceiveD.perplexE.bend22.PREJUDICED:（分数：1.00）A.sappyB.uncomplicatedC.unbiasedD.insensitiveE.even-tempered23.LIST:（分数：1.00）A.oscillateB.slipC.be horizontalD.be verticalE.be inverted24.MUNDANE:（分数：1.00）A.complexB.artificialC.unearthlyD.deli
49、cateE.expensive25.MOROSE:（分数：1.00）A.jovialB.intimidatedC.acuteD.angelicE.bothered26.ASSET:（分数：1.00）A.credentialB.liabilityC.refutationD.responsibilityE.unsteadiness27.DIABOLIC:（分数：1.00）A.amicableB.redolentC.mischievousD.lavishE.somberGRE23答案解析(总分：26.98，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART ONE （Time：30(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.Smith is -|_|-, to t
