1、大学六级-100 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.随着手机的普遍，越来越多的中学生把手机带到学校里2. 人们对此看法不一3. 我的观点Should Cell Phones Be Allowed in Middle Schools?_（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Nurse Home Visits: A Boost for Low-Income ParentsNurse home visitor Tammy Ballard has had some
2、memorable experiences in close to a decade of helping new mothers raising their children in poverty in Dayton, Ohio. Once, she arrived at a new clients home to fund a TV news crew waiting outside; apparently, someone fleeing gunfire had sought shelter there. Another time, she knocked on a door only
3、to hear screaming in response, but no one would let her in. Later she learned it was the familys parrots, which had been trained to shout at visitors.Ballards job-when she can get in the house-is to try to give low-income parents a leg up. She teaches them many of the same child-rearing techniques t
4、hat give the children of middle-class and educated parents an edge socially and in school-and that instruction is often eye-opening for both Ballard and her clients. You would be surprised to know what new parents dont know, Ballard says, recalling the case of one father who thought babies couldnt h
5、ear at birth. He asked, “When do their eyes open? He thought they were like puppies,“ she says.Theres no doubt that low-income parents-indeed, most new parents-could use a little guidance. In some countries, like France, that guidance is institutionalized. Nurse home visits for all pregnant and new
6、mothers are routine and free of charge, sponsored by the government. In the U.S. the national NurseFamily Partnership program (NFP) covers about 16,300 families living in poverty in 25 states, but President Obama has said he plans to expand the benefit, extending it to every first-time poor mother i
7、n the country-about 570,000 women each year. The Presidents stimulus plan includes more than $3 billion in funding for early-childhood-intervention programs such as Head Start and Early Head Start.The question is, will the money make a real difference in childrens lives? In a recent article in The N
8、ew York Times, Douglas Besharov of the conservative think tank American Enterprise Institute and a colleague argued that expanding pre-kindergarten programs “without demanding reforms will not help children.“ Other critics have also stated that funding early-childhood initiatives is just a consolati
9、on to liberal interest groupsBut the science supporting warm and fuzzy early-childhood interventions is sound and is only getting stronger. “Theres converging evidence from neuroscience (神经学), social science and animal data,“ says Martha Farah, director of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at th
10、e University of Pennsylvania. “If you want to invest societal resources where they will have the biggest benefit for all of us, clearly the evidence is there now that protecting children from the worst kinds of deprivation in their youngest years will result in more functional, capable, prosocial ci
11、tizens.“The NFP was developed in the 1970s by David Olds, a professor of pediatrics and preventive medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. NFP involves about 64 home visits from a nurse during the first 21 /2 years of a childs life. Many of the new mothers who receive the bene
12、fit are single, are on welfare, have low education levels and are dealing with addiction, mental illness and family violence. Nurses visit once a week during pregnancy and early infancy, answering health questions, teaching basic parenting skills and, crucially, helping morns whose own early lives w
13、ere often characterized by chaos build confidence that they can do better for their children.These visits have a pretty good payoff. A recent analysis by the Rand Corp. found that for every dollar spent providing nurse visitors to high-risk families, the government could save nearly $6 in welfare, j
14、uvenile-justice and health-care costs down the line. Dividends for the families well-being may be even higher. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (J.A.M.A.) a few years ago found that children in the north of New York whose mothers were visited by nurses during preg
15、nancy and two years after birth were 59% less likely to have been arrested 15 years later, compared with a control group.Another study, also in J.A.M.A., found that nurse home visits were associated with a nearly 50% drop in rates of child abuse or neglect in new families and that visits increased t
16、he amount of time between a mothers first and second pregnancies. Rates of hypertension (高血压), which is known to interfere with fetal brain development, were also reduced. And mothers spent less time on welfare and worked more.Theres really no mystery to the programs success, says Olds. Simple inter
17、ventions, like encouraging new parents to show affection to their children or to talk to them more, result in huge rewards for babies. In poor families, adults tend to speak to babies only to issue commands, in a business-only style of parenting rather than talking to children to communicate affecti
18、on, identify objects, introduce concepts or teach language-a phenomenon more conmmon in middle-class and wealthy households. Studies have shown that by pre-school age, children whose parents gesture or talk to them less in babyhood know significantly fewer vocabulary words than children whose parent
19、s engage them more often. That deficit can affect students performance for years.What happens early has a long-term impact, says Olds. Indeed, about 90% of a childs brain growth takes place before kindergarten, so its critical to teach new parents what to expect as a child develops not only during p
20、regnancy and early childhood but also as the child matures. A large part of nurse home visits are designed to teach parents how to respond to their children as they age and help them manage the extra burden of parenting with few resources. Says Olds: “Learning to understand childrens motivations and
21、 abilities helps parents treat them more sensitively and responsively, and that makes it easier for children to accept guidance and not respond provocatively.“It also creates a less stressful environment and protects against child abuse and neglect, and those reductions can in turn cut childrens ris
22、ks of later engaging in crime and suffering from addiction, mental illness, obesity and cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. The key, according to Olds research, begins with properly trained nurses; home visits by paraprofessionals (专业人员的助手) arent as effective. Despite the current shortage of nurses in th
23、e U.S., Olds says his program is ready to grow. “The NFP is ready for substantial expansion, as long as we recognize that serving 500,000 new families per year will take time.“ But its an investment that self-propagates. Once the nurses have educated new moms, says Ballard, the mothers start educati
24、ng one another. “Its so neat to watch,“ she says. “We give information to our clients, and they share with neighbors. One client was the go-to person for everything. Shed say, Talking to your babies makes them smart. And the other morns would always come to her.“（分数：70.00）(1).One of Tammy Ballards c
25、lients raise the parrots to _ A. help child-rearing B. relieve the boredom C. scare away visitors D. welcome news reporters（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why does Ballard say nurse home visit is eye-opening for her? A. She has come across several interesting cases. B. The clients teach her other things in ret
26、rain. C. She receives child-rearing techniques from parents. D. Shes surprised at clients poor childcare knowledge.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In France, nurse home visit programs are funded by _ A. government B. volunteers C. enterprises D. charities（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Douglas Besharov claims that pre-ki
27、ndergarten programs wont help unless _ A. an evolutionary reform is carried out B. Obamas plan is launched successfully C. more money is put into the programs D. the liberal interest groups are involved（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What evidence can support that it is best to invest societal resources into h
28、ome visit programs? A. Children away from deprivation turn out to be better citizens. B. Children under an early-childhood intervention are healthier. C. The NFP has successfully help millions of poor single mothers. D. Learning parenting skills can help parents bttild confidence.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6
29、).According to a study published the in J.A.M.A, after receiving visits by nurses in early years, _ A. children get healthier physical growth B. children are likely to get better education C. children are less likely to commit crime D. children are less likely to be neglected（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).In
30、David Olds view, what is the key to NFPs success? A. Getting financial support from the government. B. Simply encouraging parents to express affection. C. Keeping track of those being visited by nurses. D. Associating with professional medical magazines.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Compared with middle-clas
31、s ones, parents of poor families are likely to speak to babies only to _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).To make it easier for children to accept guidance, it is important for parents to understand their childrens _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).According to Olds research, an effective home visit attributes to _（分数：7.00）填
32、空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)（分数：35.00）(1). A. He would like to take Front Street. B. The radio announcer is always telling lies. C. The traffic in Front Street may be busy. D. They should trust the radio announcer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. At the post office. B
33、. At the shop. C. At the restaurant. D. At the bank.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. The mans condition now is not suitable for exercise. B. The man is not qualified for football match. C. The mans leg was injured in the last football season. D. The mans football coach is not Michael now.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4
34、). A. She just made a decision. B. She is depressed. C. She likes the committee. D. She is glad.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. He can offer a much cheaper price for this car. B. His annual savings are quite enough to buy this car. C. This car needs less petrol than many other cars. D. This car is more exp
35、ensive than many other cars.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. The man will not go anywhere but London. B. The man will not spend his winter vacation in London. C. The man wants to see the modern capital. D. The man will not have winter vacation this year.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The forecast said i
36、t wouldnt rain. B. The weather was good at the beginning. C. He thought the forecast would change. D. He didnt notice the weather at all（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. To find a kind of good jogging shoes. B. To run around the town. C. To try another way to buy the shoes. D. To order some catalogues.（分数：7.
37、00）A.B.C.D.Conversation One （分数：21.00）(1). A. Patrolling the streets. B. Doing undercover work. C. Doing detective work. D. Supervising investigations.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The fear of the unknown stresses him out. B. He has to walk from moment to moment. C. He feels bored when patrolling at nigh
38、t. D. He must insure the security and safety of citizens.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Be gentle to the victims and children. B. Be conscious of the surroundings. C. Stops someone for a traffic violation. D. Shoot the suspects in the arms or legs.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Conversation Two （分数：28.00）(1). A. They a
39、re organized by foreign students. B. They are open for all students. C. They are about experience sharing. D. They are online activities.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Visit a local family. B. Live with a local family. C. Visit other foreign students. D. Live with other foreign students.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(
40、3). A. Disinterested. B. Confused. C. Indifferent. D. Enthusiastic.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Go to the center and talk to someone. B. Try to make some local friends. C. Go out and know the city. D. Go out and have some coffee with her.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage One （分数：21.
41、00）(1). A. Affection and politeness. B. Situations and intimacy. C. Attitudes and relationships. D. Emotions and behavior.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. It follows a universal pattern. B. It varies among individuals and cultures. C. It changes from countries to countries. D. It depends on moods.（分数：7.00）A
42、.B.C.D.(3). A. They never judge people by their own norms. B. They are those with strong emotions. C. They probably have more facial expressions. D. They are reluctant to show emotions.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Two （分数：28.00）(1). A. It is a rare phenomenon. B. It changes useless land into productive
43、land. C. It changes cropland into desert. D. It helps farmers remove fertile topsoil.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Never continually planting crops at the same place. B. Letting animals feed on the same lands year after year. C. Planting trees around cropland yearly. D. Searching for every possible metho
44、d to avoid desertification.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. To avoid problems caused by migration. B. To discuss the dangers of migration. C. To help farmers plant trees. D. To fmd land and better jobs.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. It can prevent global warming. B. It can catch blowing sand. C. It can stop deser
45、tification. D. It forces farmers leave cropland.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Three （分数：21.00）(1). A. It was difficult to relocate its path again. B. It was built to facilitate transportation of minerals. C. It was built by the Canadians. D. It was built in the late 19th century.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. M
46、aine gradually became a major market for trade.B. Maine provided employment opportunities. C. Maine was politically stable. D. Maine had a pleasant climate.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Because of the strong French influence. B. Because they shared the same road. C. Because they belonged to the same coun
47、try. D. Because of the immigration policy.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Knowledge may be acquired through conversation, watching television or travelling, but the deepest and most consistent way is through reading. If we consider the U U 1 /U/Upopulation of the world, we may conclud
48、e that a few spend their whole lives on U U 2 /U/Ureading; many read something light for U U 3 /U/U, a few dip into something more serious now and then; while very many men, women and children never advance beyond the sports page of a newspaper, a fashion article or a U U 4 /U/UIf you have learnt to love books as a child, the reading habi
