1、大学六级-17 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.车祸发生的时间及地点； 2你所见到的车祸情况； 3你对车祸原因的分析。（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B A Brief History of ClockClocks/BAt best, historians know that 5,000-6,000 years ago, great civilizations in the Middle East and North Africa started t
2、o examine forms of clock-making instead of working with only the monthly and annual calendar. Little is known on exactly how these forms worked or indeed the actual deconstruction of the time, but it has been suggested that the intention was to maximize time available to achieve more as the size of
3、the population grew. Perhaps such future periods of time were intended to benefit the community by allotting specific lengths of time to tasks. Was this the beginning of the working week? BSun Clocks/BWith the disappearance of any ancient civilization, such as the Sumerian culture, knowledge is also
4、 lost. Whilst we can only hypothesize on the reasons of why the equivalent to the modern wristwatch was never completed, we know that the ancient Egyptians were next to layout a system of dividing the day into parts, similar to hours.“Obelisks“ (tall four-sided tapered monuments) were carefully cons
5、tructed and even purposefully geographically located around 3500 BC. A shadow was east as the Sun moved across the sky by the obelisk, which it appears was then marked out in sections, allowing people to clearly see the two halves of the day. Some of the sections have also been found to indicate the
6、 “year“s longest and shortest days, which it is thought were developments added later to allow identification of other important time subdivisions.Another ancient Egyptian “shadow clock“ or “sundial“ has been discovered to have been in use around 1500 BC, which allowed the measuring of the passage o
7、f “hours“. The sections were divided into ten parts, With two “twilight hours“ indicated, occurring in the morning and the evening. For it to work successfully then at midday or noon, the device had to be turned 180 degrees to measure the afternoon hours.BWater Clocks/B“Water clocks“ were among the
8、earliest time keeping devices that didnt use the observation of the celestial bodies to calculate the passage of time. The ancient Greeks, it is believed, began using water clocks around 325 BC. Most of these clocks were used to determine the hours of the night, but may have also been used during da
9、ylight. An inherent problem with the water clock was that they were not totally accurate, as the system of measurement was based on the flow of water either into, or out of, a container which had markers around the sides. Another very similar form was that of a bowl that sank during a period as it w
10、as filled of water from a regulated flow. It is known that water clocks were common across the Middle East, and that these were still being used in North Africa during the early part of the twentieth-century.BMechanical Clocks/BIn 1656, “Christian Huygens (Dutch scientist), made the first “Pendulum(
11、钟摆) clock“, with a mechanism using a “natural“ period of oscillation(振幅). “Galileo Galilei“ is credited, in most historical books, for inventing the pendulum as early as 1582, but his design was not built before his death. Huygens clock, when built, had an error of “less than only one minute a day“.
12、 This was a massive leap in the development of maintaining accuracy, as this had previously never been achieved. Later refinements to the pendulum clock reduced this margin of error to “less than 10 seconds a day“.The mechanical clock continued to develop until they achieved an accuracy of “a hundre
13、dth-of- a-second a day“, when the pendulum clock became the accepted standard in most astronomical observatories.BQuartz Clocks/BThe running of a “Quartz clock“ is based on the piezoelectric property of the quartz crystal. When an electric field is applied to a quartz crystal, it actually changes th
14、e shape of the crystal itself, If you then squeeze it or bend it, an electric field is generated. When placed in an appropriate electronic circuit, this interaction between the mechanical stress and the electrical field causes the crystal to vibrate, generating a constant electric signal which can t
15、hen be used for example on an electronic clock display. The first wrist-watches that appeared in mass production used “LED“, “Light Emitting Diode“ displays. By the 1970s these were to be replaced by a “LCD“, “Liquid Crystal Display“.Quartz clocks continue to dominate the market because of the accur
16、acy and reliability of the performance, also being inexpensive to produce on mass scale. The time keeping performance of the quartz clock has now been surpassed by the “Atomic clock“.BAtomic Clocks/BScientists discovered some time ago that atoms and molecules have “resonances“ and that each chemical
17、 element and compound absorbs and emits “electromagnetic radiation“ within its own characteristic “frequencies“. This we are told is highly accurate even over “Time and Space“.The development of radar and the subsequent experimentation with high frequency radio communications during the 1930s and 19
18、40s created a vast amount of knowledge regarding “electromagnetic waves“, also known as “microwaves“. which interact with the atoms. The development of atomic clocks focused firstly on microwave resonances in the chemical Ammonia and its molecules. In 1957. “NIST“. the “National Institute of Standar
19、ds and Technology“, completed a series of tests using a “Cesium Atomic Beam“ device, followed by a second program of experiments by NIST in order to have something for comparison when working at the atomic level. By 1960, as the outcome of the programs, “Cesium Time Standards“ were incorporated as t
20、he official time keeping system at NIST.The “Natural frequency“ recognized currently is the measurement of time. used by all scientists, defines the period of “one second“ as exactly “9,192,631,770 Oscillations“ or “9,192,631,770 Cycles of the Cesium Atoms Resonant Frequency“. From the “Macrocosm“,
21、or “Planetary Alignment“, to the “Microcosm“, or “Atomic Frequency“, the cesium now maintains accuracy with a degree of error to about “one-millionth of a second per year“.Much of modern life has come to depend on such precise measurements of time. The day is long past when we could get by with a ti
22、mepiece(钟)accurate to the nearest quarter hour. Transportation, financial markets, communication, manufacturing, electric power and many other technologies have become dependent on super-accurate clocks. Scientific research and the demands of modern technology continue re drive our search for ever m
23、ore accuracy, The next generation of Cesium Time Standards is presently under development at NISTs “Boulder Laboratory“ and other laboratories around the world.BSomething to Remember/BThe only thing that should be remembered during all this technological development is that we should never lose the
24、ability to tell the time approximately by natural means and the powers of deduction without requiring crutches(拐杖)to lean on.Our concept of TIME and using it together with TECHNOLOGY still has room for radical reassessment in terms of mans evolutionary thinking regarding our view of the past, our on
25、ward journey into the future and our concept of time in relationship to universe.（分数：70.00）(1).It is suggested that 5,000-6,000 years ago people in the Middle East and North Africa started to allot specific lengths of time to tasks.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Ancient Egyptian “shadow clock“ or “sundial“ dis
26、covered around 1500 BC, could measure passage of “hours“ automatically and continuously.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).“Water clocks“ was the first device that didnt use the observation of the celestial bodies to calculate the passage of time.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Galileo Galilei built the first “pendulum clock“
27、 as early as 1656.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Water clocks were mostly used to determine _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Huygens clock, a mechanical one, had an error of “less than only one minute a day“, which was a massive leap in the development of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Since Quartz clocks are both inexpensive to
28、produce in mass scale and _ in performance, they continue to dominate the market.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Scientific research and the _ continue to drive our search for ever more accuracy in time.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Of all the clocks introduced in the passage, the one with the most accuracy is _.（分数：7.00
29、）填空项 1:_(10).No matter how advanced the technology of measuring time will be we should never lose the ability to tell the time approximately by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：7，分数：252.00)Section AQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.The transportat
30、ion far the trip is free.B.The class didnt enjoy going on the field trip.C.Some people may not go on the trip.D.All of the class members nave paid the fee.A.Take a lot of money.B.Go to a different restaurant.C.Dont invite John.D.Wear different clothes.A.They didnt have g good talk.B.They decided to
31、go by plane.C.They werent able to take a walk.D.They talked about geology.A.She doesnt need an umbrella.B.She left her umbrella in the car.C.She can hold her umbrella over the mans head.D.Shes the only one who doesnt have an umbrella.A.He would send a postcard if he went away.B.He would be able to t
32、ake a vacation.C.He had already gone back to work.D.He didnt want to go to Florida.A.The man wants to move to San Francisco, but the woman doesnt agree.B.The man thinks its too cold to move to San Francisco.C.The woman agrees with the mans idea.D.The woman doesnt want to move because the children wi
33、ll have no fun.A.To go to the movies.B.To go out for lunch.C.To look in the newspaper.D.To ask for information.A.Study in a quiet place.B.Improve her grades gradually.C.Change the conditions of her dorm.D.Avoid distractions while studying in her dorm.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation
34、you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.At an accommodation office,B.At a swimming school.C.At a summer school.D.At Oxford.A.The whole summer.B.Twenty-three hours.C.Twelve days.D.Three weeks.A.3 July.B.20 July.C.24 July.D.10 August.A.A dormitory at school.B.Living with a British family.C.Sharing a house wit
35、h other students.D.Staying m a small inn with bed and breakfast.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.She bought a new car.B.She was injured in an accident.C.She went out with David.D. She had a little accident.A.She got engaged.B.She had a party.C.She got
36、married.D.She was hurt.A.Because church wedding is romantic.B.Because Diana is a catholic.C.Because her parents ask her to do so.D.Because David likes church wedding.BSection B/BBPassage One/BQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.$600,000.B.$4,000,000.C.$ 5,000,
37、000.D.$5,000,000,000.A.Because he was famous for his view to keep the Union by force.B.Because he was famous for his anti-slavery views.C.Because be was famous for his democratic views.D.Because he was famous for his view to develop economy.A.The Battle in South Carolina.B.The Battle in northern Pen
38、nsylvania.C.The Battle in Gettysburg.D.The Battle in North Carolina.BPassage Two/BQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.From the place where the agreement was signed.B.From the people who signed the agreement.C.From the significance it tried to find in the inter
39、national finance system.D.None of the above.A.To lower their exchange rates.B.To regulate their exchange rates.C.To raise their regulated rates.D.To make no change of their rates.A.Some developed countries.B.Countries that wanted to borrow money.C.All the member countries.D.The World Bank.BPassage T
40、hree/BQuestions 32 lo 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A drivers license.B.A passport.C.An international credit card.D.A deposit.A.Turning right at a red light.B.Driving in freeways without a local drivers license.C.Passing a school bus that is letting off. children.D.All
41、of the above.A.The size of the country.B.Large areas of virgin forest.C.The rich natural resources of the land.D.Wild animals and plants.A.Because nearly 1,000 million acres of land was burned off.B.Because natural resources are being used up.C.Because animals and plants are in danger of extinction.
42、D.Because natural beauty of the land would be ruined.BSection C/BThe International Olympic Committee chose a doctor from Belgium as its U(36) /U Jacques Rogge will serve at least eight years. He replaced Juan Antonio Samaranch of Spain who served as president for U(37) /U years.Doctor Rogge received
43、 support from more than half the U(38) /U in a second vote during a meeting in Moscow. He has worked for many years with the International Olympic Committee. He is fifty-nine years old.Observers called the U(39) /U of Doctor Rogge a move to reform the worldwide sports organization. The new president
44、 says he will place great importance on preventing Olympic competitors from using U(40) /U drugs. Experts say his long record of U(41) /U may help the Olympics recover from charges of U(42) /U actions.The U(43) /U are linked to the winter games of 2002. Ten Olympic Committee members reportedly accep
45、ted gifts and large amounts of money to choose Salt Lake City to hold the events. U(44) /U. Earlier this week, a federal judge dismissed four of fifteen charges against two men who led Salt Lake Citys campaign to get the Olympics. The judge also postponed their trial.U(45) /U. Jacques Rogge is a cha
46、mpion sailor who competed in three Olympic sailing events, the last in 1976. He has been a member of the International Olympic Committee for ten years. Doctor Rogge had a major responsibility for plans for the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia. U(46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
47、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、BPart Reading (总题数：3，分数：170.00)BSection A/BOne of London Zoos recent advertisements caused me some irritation, so patently did it distort reality. Headlined “Without zoos you might as well tell these animals to get stuffed“, it was bordered with illustrations of several endangered species and went on to extol the myth that without zoos like London Zoo these animals “will almost certainly disappear forever“. With the z
