1、大学六级-1025 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.大学新生报道的时候，都是家长拎行李；2. 出现这种现象的原因及其不良后果；3. 培养独立精神的重要性。On Independent Spirit（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)A Responsibility Revolution“We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals,“ FDR said in 1937
2、, in the midst of the Great Depression. “We know now that it is bad economies.“ We have learned this all. But even amid the Great Recession of 2009, people have been trading in their SUVs for Priuses, buying record amounts of fair-trade coffee and investing in socially responsible funds at higher ra
3、tes than ever before. What we are discovering now, in the most uncertain economy since FDRs time, is that enlightened self-interestcall it a shared sense of responsibilityis good economics.America has always been a great laboratory of social innovation, from Ben Franklins creation of the volunteer f
4、ire department and the lending library to the rise of online collectives like Wikipedia and Facebook. Usually it has been an invention, some innovation in commercethe car, the light bulb, the televisionthat has changed how we interact with one another as well as how we think of ourselves. We are aga
5、in entering a period of social change as Americans are recalibrating(重新校准)our sense of what it means to be a citizen, not just through voting or volunteering but also through commerce: by what we buy. There is a new dimension to civic duty that is growing in Americaits the idea that we can serve not
6、 only by spending time in our communities and classrooms but by spending more responsibly. We are starting to put our money where our ideals are.According to a new TIME poll, more than 6 in 10 Americans have bought organic products since January. Lots of us have bought an energy-efficient light bulb
7、 too. And its not just the nature of the product but also its source thats prompting us to buy. Of the 1,003 adults we polled this summer, 82% said they have consciously supported local or neighborhood businesses this year. Nearly 40% said they purchased a product in 2009 because they liked the soci
8、al or political values of the company that produced it. Thats evidence of a changing mind-set, a new kind of social contract among consumers, business and government. We are seeing the rise of the citizen consumerand the beginnings of a responsibility revolution.Corporate America has discovered that
9、 social responsibility attracts investment capital as well as customer loyalty, creating a virtuous circle. With global warming on the minds of many consumers, lots of companies are racing to “outgreen“ one another, a competition that is good for their bottom lines as well as the environments. The m
10、ost progressive companies are talking about a triple bottom lineprofit, planet and peoplethat focuses on how to run a business while trying to improve environmental and worker conditions.Many corporations discovered that business was about a lot more than a profit-and-loss statement. At first, the c
11、orporate stance was defensive: companies were punished by consumers for unethical behavior. In the 1990s, companies like Nike and Walmart were attacked for discriminatory and unfair labor practices. Companies also began to realize that just as some consumers boycotted products they considered unethi
12、cal, others would purchase products in part because their manufacturers were responsible.Some companies embraced the new ethos early on. In 1992, Gap developed sourcing guidelines for its suppliers, and in 1996 the company put in effect a code of conduct for them. Since 2004, Gap has been publishing
13、 information about the factories it uses and those it has stopped doing business with. Last year HP followed suit, becoming one of the first computer manufacturers to apply similar transparency to its global supply chain. Timberland now prints a detailed label for its shoes, noting on each pair the
14、companys material and energy usageNone of this would have happened without consumer demand. Nearly half of Americans in our poll said protecting the environment should be given priority over economic growthand this comes in the midst of a recession and historic unemployment. And 78% of those polled
15、said they would be willing to pay $ 2,000 more for a car that gets 35 m. p. g. than for a similar one that gets only 25 m. p. g, Of course, consumers are doing their own doing-well-by-doing-good calculation: a more expensive ear that gets better gas mileage will save them money in the long runand ma
16、ke them feel good about it in the process.Many companies are trying to reconfigure their DNA as profit seekers. Take Walmart. Once the poster child of corporate ruthlessness, a retailer whose business model of undercutting(廉价销售)all of its competitors would have been applauded by Friedman, Walmart ha
17、s resolved to change its way of doing business for the sake of the future of the planet. The company has required its suppliers to reduce packaging to protect the environment and is trying to boost sales of energy-efficient light bulbs by giving them more shelf space and better placement in stores.
18、In July it announced it is developing a sustainability index that will one day show consumers at a glance how green its products are.Other companies are improving their responsibility commitments. Intel, the worlds largest chipmaker, says it plans to increase investment this year in energy efficienc
19、y that will help the environment and cut costs. Mars and Cadbury have unveiled plans to increase the amount of cacao (可可豆)they harvest from sustainable sources because it is good for the environment and will also relieve potential shortages in the future. The high-end stroller company Bugaboo just a
20、nnounced it will start contributing 1% of its total revenues to the Global Fund that helps AIDS programs in Africa. Thats 1% of Bugaboos revenues, not profits.One question is: How much of all this is just shrewd marketing to give companies a halo (光环)effect? Participants in these high-profile effort
21、s have been criticized for spending a bundle on marketing. Meanwhile, a New York environmentalist named Jay Westerveld coined the term greenwashing for companies that spin their products as being more environmentally friendly than they really are.Thats one reason why Walmarts plan to standardize a s
22、ustainability index is so important. If companies are really improving their carbon footprintand, one hopes, the way they treat their workersin order to improve their image and engender consumer loyalty, isnt that a net good thing? And if they are doing it exclusively to help their bottom line, so w
23、hat? “I dont care whether companies change for the love of the environment or because of their financial interest,“ says Geoffrey Heal, a Columbia Business School professor and the author of When Principles Pay. “The most sustainable solution is to have companies responding to financial incentives r
24、ather than their own feelings. “Its not just big companies that are doing well by doing good. Increasingly, social entrepreneurs are starting companies rather than nonprofits, to capitalize on the power of the market to create public benefit. And some of these entrepreneurs are choosing to form “B C
25、orporations,“ a new corporate structure that requires enterprises to build into their foundation strong social and environmental standards for their operations. More than 220 companies, whose combined revenue tops $ 1 billion, have become B Corps since their certification began in 2007.（分数：70.00）(1)
26、.According to the passage, what aspect is the responsibility revolution mainly concerned with?（分数：7.00）A.The change of the mind of consumers to spend cautiously.B.The effort of the companies to be environmental.C.The effort of the companies to be sustainable.D.The behavior of the citizen to spend re
27、sponsibly.(2).Similar to an invention or some innovation in commerce, we are again entering a period of social change through commercial way: _.（分数：7.00）A.political votingB.volunteeringC.consumingD.spending more money than ever(3).According to a new TIME poll, what may be one of the reasons that Ame
28、ricans prefer to buy organic food ant energy-efficient light bulbs?（分数：7.00）A.These products are cheaper and more persuasive.B.They are abiding by a kind of new contract.C.The manufacturer of the products urges them to buy.D.Buying such products has become a vogue.(4).What has Corporate America disc
29、overed in terms of social responsibility?（分数：7.00）A.It leads to more capital investment and consumer loyalty.B.It leads companies into a competition to outgreen each other.C.It gets many consumers to pay attention to global warming.D.It can check the balance among profit, planet and people.(5).Why w
30、ere companies like Nike and Walmart criticized in the 1990s?（分数：7.00）A.Their position in a profit-and-loss statement.B.Their discriminatory and unfair labor practices.C.Their punishment out of their unethical behavior.D.Their irresponsible figure in consumers hearts.(6).Following the example of GAP,
31、 what did HP do last year?（分数：7.00）A.It supplied similar transparency to its supply chain.B.It printed a detailed label for its products.C.It published information about the factories it uses.D.It developed sourcing guidelines for its suppliers.(7).What has Walmart done to reconfigure its DNA as pro
32、fit seeker?（分数：7.00）A.It has followed the business model of undercutting its competitors.B.It asks its suppliers to reduce packaging to be environment-friendly.C.It has become the poster child of corporate ruthlessness.D.It has given more shelf space and better placement to light bulbs.(8).To improv
33、e its responsibility commitments, this year Intel plans to get their investment in energy efficiency _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Geoffrey Heal holds that to have companies responding to financial incentives rather than their own feelings is the _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).As a new corporate form, “B Corporatio
34、ns“ requires enterprises to build strong social and environmental operation standards into _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)A.Attend the orientation.B.Reschedule a meeting.C.Meet with a customer.D.Train the new sales staff.A.The shipment has been lost.
35、B.The shipment has been held up.C.The buyer is not satisfied with the goods.D.They have violated customs regulations.A.To the factory.B.To see a doctor.C.To keep his appointment.D.To get some lunch.A.By keeping the files for ten years.B.By putting the files in the computer.C.By finding a bigger spac
36、e.D.By discarding the files.A.It has been expanded.B.It has been simplified.C.It has been corrected.D.It has been illustrated.A.Look for a manual.B.Clean out a cabinet.C.Purchase new software.D.Borrow a manual.A.Tour the harbor.B.Find accommodations.C.Check out of a hotel.D.Pay a bill.A.She doesnt l
37、ike it.B.She is tired of it.C.She doesnt want to spend a lot.D.The restaurant is too far away.Questions 19 to 21 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.She specialized in short films.B.She featured famous actors.C.She told a long story.D.She used special effects.A.Featuring ne
38、w stars and famous ones.B.Making a full-length feature film.C.Presenting various images and effects.D.Telling a good story in a few images.A.A huge budget.B.Places to practice their skills.C.Chances of success.D.A big challenge.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数
39、：28.00）A.The best ways to work.B.Human resources.C.Knowledge management.D.Changing the technology.A.Achieving much better results.B.Changing the technology they use.C.Making her staff accept knowledge management practices.D.Implementing Knowledge Management strategies herself.A.They organized online
40、 conferences.B.They organized staff meetings.C.They trained the staff members.D.They invested in new technology.A.It brings better communication between offices.B.It improves the office environment.C.It highlights the competitive advantage of the company.D.It makes enormous financial profits.五、Secti
41、on B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are bused on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The large profit of gas.B.The lower price of gas.C.The search for environmentally-friendly fuels.D.The easy long-distance transportation of gas.A.Gas is difficult to transport over long distanc
42、es.B.The system of long-distance pipelines is not available.C.Gas is not so environmentally-friendly as other fuels.D.The potential profits are far from enormous.A.Gas can be used in liquid and gas form.B.It will provide gas through long pipelines.C.Gas is frozen into liquid and transported.D.It wil
43、l bring huge profits to the researchers.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.An information technology manager.B.A staff manager of the foundation.C.A president of the foundation.D.A lecturer in a university.A.It brought Barry a lot of compliments.B.
44、It made the working system worse than before.C.It ensured the normal work of the staff.D.It took six months to get the upgrade working properly.A.Promoting interpersonal relationship.B.Achieving high credibility.C.Improving office communication.D.Improving work efficiency.A.It was a disaster.B.It wo
45、n the staffs upholding.C.It drew a laugh.D.It turned out to be a failure.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Reading lips and pronouncing words.B.Learning sign language.C.Communicating with the disabled.D.Looking after himself.A.Adrian went to a t
46、op high school.B.Adrian went to a regular school.C.Adrian entered the World Yacht Race.D.Adrian entered the Mountain Climbing Race.A.His inborn talent.B.A lot of his achievements outside school.C.His hard work only.D.The most important lessons from his mother.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Opinions vary
47、 widely concerning workplace romance. Some organizations, on the assumption that romantic relationships are basically harmful to the success of the workplace, have explicit rules (36) such relationships.On the positive side, the work environment seems a perfect place to meet a potential romantic par
48、tner. After all, by (37) of the fact that youre working in the same office, youre probably both interested in the same field, have similar training and (38) , and will spend (39) time together-all factors that (40) the development of a successful interpersonal relationship.Similarly, office romances
49、 can lead to greater work (41) If the relationship is a good one and one that is (42) satisfying, the individuals are likely to develop empathy for each other and act in ways that are supportive, (43) , and friendly.However, even when the relationship is a good one for the two individuals, it may not be good for other workers. (44) .When the romance goes bad or when its one-sided, there are even
