1、大学六级-1040 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.有人认为信用卡进入大学校园是件好事2.也有人持反对意见3.你的想法Credit Cards on Campus（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)How to Retire EarlierIts every working staffs dream: saying goodbye to the daily grind while you still have your own teeth. I
2、n our early retirement fantasies, were traveling the world, healthy and in the prime of our lives, visiting those hard-to-pronounce countries weve always talked about and sampling the finest local fare. Retirement-related ProblemsSurveys show that more than half of workers between the ages of 30 and
3、 50 plan to retire before theyre 60. But theres only one problem with this wishful thinking: Retiring early is easy, but making your money last is hard. One problem with saving up for early retirement is that we tend not to think beyond those first few glorious years of good health and full checking
4、 accounts-we dont do the long-term math. If the average male life expectancy is 75.2 and we retire at 55, then our savings, and stock market investments need to last for 20 years. And what if we live even longer than average?And dont forget that life can get tricky during those last five or ten year
5、s. Very few fortunate souls drift away in their sleep at age 88 without ever having major surgeries, hospitalizations or chronic (and expensive) conditions to manage-not to mention the ever-increasing costs of medical insurance and prescription drugs.While we tend to overestimate our health, we unde
6、restimate our post-retirement financial needs. A 2002 survey found that only 17 percent of workers thought theyd need 80 percent of their salary after retirement. Forty percent thought theyd be fine with 60 percent of current earnings. That might suffice for a few good years, but the longer you live
7、, the less chance your money will last. Furthermore. isnt it possible that traveling the world and living out of a suitcase could get pretty tedious? Did you ever think that you might be bored without a day job? Do you have enough hobbies and interests to sustain you for 20 to 30 years without busin
8、ess trips, deadlines and daily meetings? But dont get discouraged. If youre serious about retiring early and dedicated to making it work, you can make it happen. All it takes is some serious financial planning, a strict budget and some good old-fashioned luck.So how do you start planning for an earl
9、y retirement? What are the most important calculations? What are some common mistakes?Financial PlanningThe first step when planning for an early retirement is to figure out exactly how much money you have right now. This is called your net worth. Net worth is calculated by adding up all of your ass
10、ets (cash, stocks, retirement accounts and the value of your home) and subtracting all of your outstanding debt (mortgage, student loans and credit card debt). When you know how much you have, you need to figure out how much money youll need when you retire. This amount depends on several factors: w
11、hat you want to do when you retire, how early you want to retire and what standard of living you want to enjoy when retired. If you want to keep up your current standard of living as a retiree, the rule of thumb is that youll be spending monthly at least 80 percent of what youre spending now. That o
12、ther 20 percent you wont be spending accounts for work-related expenses: gas or public transportation fares for your commute, dry cleaning bills, lunches and the like. But if you plan to travel, play more golf or fix up a classic car as a retiree, youll quickly make up that 20 percent you thought yo
13、u were saving by not working. Perhaps the most important factor when calculating how much youll need is how early you want to retire. Theres a big difference in planning for a 20-year retirement and a 40-year retirement. Plus, the earlier you retire, the longer youll have to wait to get Social Secur
14、ity benefits. This isnt a problem for people who retire after the minimum age for collecting Social Security (currently 62). But if you retire too early, you might not have enough to get by on until Social Security kicks in. Another serious consideration when planning for an early retirement is heal
15、th insurance. When youre employed, you pay part of your monthly insurance premium and your employer pays the rest. When you retire, youre guaranteed coverage under the same insurance policy for the next 18 to 36 months through the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconstruction Act, also known as COBRA.
16、COBRA is meant as a temporary protection for employees who lose or change jobs. But even with COBRA, youll be paying the full premium, including what your boss used to pay.Youre not eligible for Medical benefits until youre 65. So, until you reach that age, youll need a supplementary insurance polic
17、y. When you apply for a new policy after COBRA runs out, you might be surprised at how expensive it is to insure a 60-year-old with pre-existing medical conditions. The cheapest policy for a 62-year-old nonsmoker is $ 300 a month, and it increases if you smoke, have a history of heart problems, high
18、 blood pressure, diabetes and other conditions. One way to get started on your early retirement budget is to use one of the many free online retirement calculators to figure out how much youll need in net worth to retire at a certain age. But the only way to know if your planned retirement spending
19、will work is to try a dry run. Try to live for three months on the projected monthly amount that you hope to live on when retired. If its not working now, it certainly wont work when you factor in increased healthcare and insurance costs.How can you start saving for an early retirement now? What are
20、 the best long-term investments for building up a retirement nest egg? Investing for Early RetirementCompound interest is a beautiful thing. The best thing you can do right now to ensure an early retirement is to invest as much of your earnings as possible in safe, long-term investments and tax-defe
21、rrable retirement savings accounts. A good place to start is with a tight budget. As we learned in How to Make a Million Dollars, one of the quickest ways to become rich is to live a frugal lifestyle. Instead of living beyond your means-buying things on credit that you cant immediately pay back live
22、 below your means. Buy a used car instead of a new one (or better yet, take the bus). Choose the two-bedroom house instead of the five-bedroom one. So, how much money should we be saving from each paycheck? MSN Money describes a 20/20/20 system. Starting at age 20, if you invest 20 percent of each p
23、aycheck, you could retire in 20 years and live on the interest from your investments. As weve already asked, can you live right now on 80 percent of your income, like youll be living on in retirement? Try setting up an automatic withdrawal (取款) from your checking account. Whenever a paycheck is depo
24、sited at the bank, 20 percent will automatically be deducted before you even have a chance to see it, let alone spend it.Now you need to take that money and invest it in something with guaranteed long-term growth. MSN Money recommends a stock market index fund that tracks S and when youve just moved
25、 from this to that. Because actually life is always changing, people around you are changing youre getting older, emotional things change, and so on.M: Before all this you were on the management side of the BBC, in fact, for eight years. Didnt you feel very frustrated because you really wanted to he
26、 a creative artist?W: (21)I think. new things, new challenges, thats corny phrase for you，nonetheless. They are very important and if someone. if you care about making television programs. Because of the technical characteristics of the network youre running. you will be the first color network in E
27、urope, so we want you to think how perhaps color should be used. Well, you again have to he a very funny television producer to say “Im not interested.“19Which places are the woman particularly fond of?听前预测 四个选项均为不同的地区，由此推测本题询问关于具体地点。答案详解 细节辨认题【考频：6】。对话一开始，主持人就提问，你最喜欢参观过的哪个地方。受访者分别介绍了三个地方 The South
28、Seas, South East Asia and the Galapagos Islands(南美洲加拉帕戈斯群岛)及其特殊风景，因此答案为 C)。A.When youre always just about to do something. B.When youve just moved from this house to that house.C.When you actually get into a situation.D.When the circumstances do not change.解析：听力原文When is the “happiest time“ to the w
29、oman?听前预测 四个选项均以 when 开头，因此可以断定本题考查的是关于时间问题。答案详解 事实细节题【考频：15】。对话中，男士问女士为什么回到英国，女士回答 The happiest times when youre always just about to do something, and when youve just moved from this to that.“最幸福的时刻在于改变，在你即将要做某事时，在你从一个地区到另一个地区时。”因此答案为 A)。A.Because it is very important.B.Because she cared about spe
30、nding 12 million quid.C.Because she attached importance to new things and challenges. D.Because she is afraid of being fired.解析：听力原文Why did the woman accept a job in the management of TV?听前预测 四个选项都是以 Because 开头，我们推测此题考查做某事的原因。答案详解 目的原因题【考频：8】。男士问女士为什么接受电视台经理的工作。女士说新事物就是新挑战，做自己喜欢或感兴趣的事，这才是她的生活或者说她选择工
31、作的初衷。因此答案为 C)。Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard（分数：28.00）A.Junior Sales Manager Wanted. B.Personnel Manager Wanted.C.Secretary Wanted.D.Managing Director Wanted.解析：听力原文22-25M: Morning. Happy to meet you here. How are you and how is your whole family?W: Good morning
32、, sir. Fine, thank you for your care.M: Er, did you put that advertisement in yesterday, and did you see it?W: Yes. I have seen it and also have a try.M: (22)The junior sales manager. They want someone that could help them to manage the company.W: Yes, it went into the Standard and the Evening News.
33、 That sounds good.M: Jolly good. And congratulations to you!W: Erm, what sort of a young man had you got in mind?M: On, you know. a good education, er, (23)what I dont want is one of these young cocks, you know who just walk out of university with exaggerated ideas of his own importance.W: And how m
34、uch hes going to earn, frankly. And only according to your conditions and your wants, we could find and look for more proper people, you know, so many people came here, and I dont want to waste their time. And what we want is just the right one.M: I mean，(24)Im not prepared to give him a very big sa
35、lary to start with. I mean the increases he gets in his salary are going to be dependent on how effective he is. Thats hard to say and hard to make so concrete criterion. Nowa-days, you know, its very difficult to find such a good person that can be suited this job. (24)And most of the time, they as
36、k so many salary and, the most important one is that, they really have no ability to do it. 22What is the most suitable title for the advertisement?听前预测 四个选项均为职位加 wanted，常用于招聘广告的标题，因此推测本题考招聘广告的标题。 答案详解 主旨大意题【考频：2】。对话中，开始二人见面互道早安，然后转入正题，谈论招聘初级销售经理(Junior Sales Manager)的事，因此可知此题选 A)。A.Someone who is j
37、ust out of university with exaggerated ideas of his own importance. B.Someone who looks at the clock all the time.C.Someone who is single and has plenty of ambition.D.Someone who talks like a gutter.解析：听力原文Which type of the candidate does the man not want?听前预测 四个选项均是以 Someone who 开头，推测本题考查的是符合某一条件的某
38、类人。答案详解 语义理解题【考频：2】。文中关键句为 what I dont want is one of these young cocks“那些刚出校门自高自大的学生”，因此本题选 A)。A.The candidate would be given a big salary to start with.B.The candidates increases in salary would be dependent on his effectiveness. C.The candidate would get a bonus though he has no overtime pay init
39、ially.D.The candidate expects high salary though he would not have the ability.解析：听力原文How about the candidates salary?听前预测 四个选项中的关键词为 salary，可推断问题是关于应聘者的工资问题。答案详解 语义理解题【考频：2】。对话中，男士说对于工资问题，开始他不准备给得很高(Im not prepared to give him a very big salary to start with)：要依据其能力来相应地增加工资(the increases he gets in
40、 his salary，are going to be dependent on how effective he is)答案为 B)；很多人没有能力，但要求很高的工资这与男士愿意不符，故排除 D)。C 未提及排除。A.Husband and wife.B.Personnel Manager and secretary. C.Sales Manager and Manager-general.D.They can be interesting only to small groups of people.解析：听力原文What is the probable relation between
41、the man and the woman?听前预测 四个选项都是对于对话中两者关系的界定。答案详解 推理判断题【考频：10】。通过对话，可以判断对话双方是经理与秘书。他们对于选择怎样的销售经理展开了讨论。因此答案为 B)。五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The government.B.Companies that advertise their products or services. C.Huge groups o
42、f audiences.D.A smaller group of people.解析：听力原文26-28Public television in America grew out of the many local stations that broadcast educational programs in the 1950sIn 1967 Congress passed the Public Broadcast ActThe goal of this law was to provide educational programs for all Americans. There is a
43、major difference between public television and commercial television. (26)Commercial television programs are paid for by companies that advertise their products or services during the program. Public television programs do not have such advertising messages. Another difference is that commercial tel
44、evision is pressured by advertisers to broadcast programs popular with huge groups of people. These include comedies and game shows. Public television does not face such pressures(27)It can broadcast programs of interest to smaller groups of people. These programs are often more unusual，creative and
45、 experimental than programs broadcast on commercial televisionPublic television in America presents many kinds of programs. There are news and opinion programs. There are films about social and historical events. And there are shows about science and nature. (28)There are shows to teach people how t
46、o cook, grow vegetables or fix a house. There are many drama programs produced in Britain. And there are programs that present the mu sic, dance and theater of America.So many local American people enjoy the public television, most of the time, they spent the day or their leisure time on it and also
47、 got the information from the programmes. 26Who pays for the commercial television programs?听前预测 四个选项都是名词性短语，而且有政府、公司、观众、一群人，因此推测问题是谁做了什么。答案详解 细节辨认题【考频：5】。文章的第一段第五句话谈到 Commercial television programs，他们的经济来源是 paid for by companies that advertise their products or services“由那些在节目上为产品或服务做广告的公司来付款”。因此答案
48、为 B)。A.They are filled with advertisements.B.They are interrupted by advertising messages.C.They must be interesting to huge groups of people.D.They can be interesting only to small groups of people. 解析：听力原文What do you learn about public television programs?听前预测 四个选项均是陈述句，都是表想法的句子，由此推测本题是关于人们对某一事物的看
49、法或猜测。答案详解 语义理解题【考频：6】，根据文中第一段倒数第二句 It can broadcast programs of interest to smaller。groups of people.“它可播放一些小部分人感兴趣的节目。”其中 It 指的是public televiion program，因此答案选 D)。A.How to sew.B.How to paint.C.How to take photos.D.How to cook. 解析：听力原文What can be learned from the public television programs as the passage says?听前预测 四个选项都是 How to 结构，而且内容涉及缝衣、绘画、照相、烹调。因此本题考查从某物可以学到的技能。答案详解 事实细节题【
