1、大学六级-1586 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.1)现在很多大学生都喜欢追求名牌2)产生这种现象的原因是什么3)你如何看待这一现象Students Pursuit for Famous Brands_（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)It is officially known as the Swiss Re Tower, or 30 St. Mary Axe. Londoners universally refer to the new 4
2、1-story building as “the Gherkin (小黄瓜) “, though it actually looks more like a pine cone. As a typical example of green architecture, what is most remarkable about the building is its energy-efficiency. Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less e
3、nergy than a comparable conventional office building. Green architecture is changing the way buildings are designed, built and run.Proponents (支持者) of green architecture argue that the approach has many benefits. In the case of a large office, for example, the combination of green design techniques
4、and clever technology can not only reduce energy consumption and environmental impact, but also reduce running costs, create a more pleasant working environment, improve employees health and productivity, reduce legal liability, and boost property values and rental returns.Green architecture, a term
5、 which only came into use in the 1990s, has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s, when architects began to question the wisdom of building enclosed glass-and-steel boxes that required massive heating and cooling systems. Early proponents of more energy-efficient architecture included Willia
6、m McDonough, Bruce Fowle and Robert Fox in America, Thomas Herzog in Germany, and Norman Foster and Richard Rogers in Britain.These forward-looking architects began to explore designs that focused on the long-term environmental impact of maintaining and operating a building. This approach has since
7、been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems, such as the BREEAM standard introduced in Britain in 1990, and the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) standards developed by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) starting in 2000. The LEED standards are inten
8、ded to produce “the worlds greenest and best buildings“ by giving developers a straightforward checklist of criteria by which the greenness of a building can be judged. Points are awarded in various categories, from energy use (up to 17 points) to water-efficiency (up to five points) to indoor envir
9、onment quality (up to 15 points); the total then determines the buildings LEED rating. Extra points can be earned by installing particular features, such as renewable-energy generators or carbon-dioxide monitoring systems. A building that achieves a score “of 39 points earns a “gold“ rating; 52 poin
10、ts earns a “platinum“ rating. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with an equivalent conventional building, and a platinum-rated building by over 70%. Green is goodAs green architecture moves into the mainstream, more green buildings came up. T
11、he USGBC says nearly 1,700 buildings in 50 states of America are now seeking LEED certification and 137 have been constructed and certified so far. The 48-story Conde Nast Building at 4 Times Square in New York was one of, the first examples in which green-architecture principles were applied to a l
12、arge urban office building. In Britain, 70 office buildings constructed during 2003, representing 25% of the total by floor area, met the BREEAM standard. Similar standards have been adopted in New Zealand, Australia and Canada. In China, the Beijing Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games aims to
13、 host the first zero-net-emissions games, which will include constructing all buildings and sports locations using green-architecture-principles.There are many ways to reduce a buildings environmental impact. 30 St. Mary Axe, designed by Foster and .Partners, does so by using natural lighting and ve
14、ntilation (通风) wherever possible. The facade ( 建筑物正面) consists of two layers of glass (the outer one double-glazed) enclosing a ventilated cavity with computer-controlled blinds. A system of weather sensors on the outside of the building monitors the temperature, wind speed and level of sunlight, cl
15、osing blinds and opening window panels as necessary. The buildings shape maximizes the use of natural daylight, reducing the need for artificial lighting and providing impressive long-distance views even from deep inside the building.The highest-profile green building currently on the drawing board
16、is the Freedom Tower, which will be built on the side of the World Trade Centre in New York. The main tower, which will rise 1,776 feet, will include solar panels and a wind farm, the turbines of which are expected to deliver around one megawatt of power, enough to provide up to 20% of the buildings
17、 expected demand. Like other green buildings, it will rely on natural light and ventilation, and energy-efficient lighting.High energy costs, environmental concerns and anxiety about the “sick building syndrome“ associated with the sealed-box structures of the 1970s all helped to jump-start the gree
18、n-architecture movement. But now economics is driving the shift towards greener design.Why it pays to be greenGoing green saves money by reducing long-term energy costs: a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than comparable conventional buildings.
19、So any additional building costs can be recovered quickly: according to the UAGBC, the 2% increase in construction costs required to achieve a LEED gold rating typically pays for itself in lower running costs within two years. The traditional approach of trying to minimize construction costs, by con
20、trast, can lead to higher energy bills and wasted materials.Energy-saving techniques need not all be exotic as installing coated glass, computer-controlled blinds or photovoltaic (光电的)cells. Michael Crosbie, an architect at Steven Winter Associates, a consultancy based in Norwalk, Connecticut, says
21、builders are now insulating buildings more effectively, in some cases using materials such as recycled paper and fabrics, including old, shredded jeans.Green buildings can also have less obvious economic benefits. The use of natural daylight in office buildings, for example, as well as reducing ener
22、gy costs, also seems to make workers more productive. Lockheed Martin, an aerospace firm, found that absenteeism fell by 15% after it move 2,500 employees into a new green building in Sunnyvale, California. Similarly, the use of daylight in shopping complexes appears to increase sales. It also found
23、 that students in naturally lit classrooms performed up to 20% better. The increase in productivity paid for the buildings higher construction costs within a year. Green buildings can also reduce legal liabilities for their owners, since they are less likely to give rise to “sick building“ lawsuits.
24、Despite its benefits and its growing popularity, green architecture is still the exception, not the rule, however. The main problem is co-ordination, for green buildings require much more planning by architects, engineers, builders and developers than traditional buildings. But new software is now i
25、mproving planning by simulating how a building will perform before it is built. Greener by designIn the old days, says Mr. Bernstein, vice-president of the building solutions division at Autodesk, a software company, assessing a buildings environmental impact had to be done with spreadsheets, calcul
26、ators and informed guessing, and three-dimensional modeling was primarily used to prepare presentations. But now the three-dimensional computer models are being used with sophisticated analytical tools. Its possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much material will
27、 be needed, and other parameters that determine its LEED certification.Computers also make possible entirely new designs. 30 St. Mary Axe, for example, could not have been built without a computer model to specify the exact shape of every one of its 5,500 glass panels, or to model the airflow in and
28、 around it. Similarly, computer modeling made possible the Avax office building completed in Athens, Greens, in 1998. It has sheaves of glass which open and close automatically, depending on the intensity and angle of the sun, to provide sunlight while preventing the building from overheating. The v
29、entilation system in Pittsburghs Convention Centre uses the natural “chimney effect“ created by its sweeping roof to draw air through vents by the fiver below, cooling the building without using a single fan.This is more than a mere fad, or the use of technology for the sake of it, says Mr. Bernstei
30、n. Green architecture will, he suggests, help to reshape the construction industry over the next five years, with ever more innovative, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly buildings. “No one is doing this for fun,“ he says. “Theres too much at stake./（分数：70.00）(1).What makes the Swiss Re T
31、ower very notable, according to the passage?A. Its artful design. B. Its fancy technology.C. Its energy-efficiency. D. Its low cost.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, what can we know about the enclosed glass-and-steel buildings?A. They lead to the energy crisis. B. They are good for peo
32、ples health.C. They consume a large amount of energy. D. They appeared in the 1990s.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the LEED standard, a platinum-rated building should _.A. get a score of 70 points B. score up to 52 pointsC. achieve a score of 39 points D. earn a score of 48 points（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D
33、.(4).30 St. Mary Axe reduces a buildings environmental impact by _.A. using energy-efficient lighting B. using natural lighting and ventilationC. installing solar panels D. building a wind farm（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, nowadays what factor is motivating the green-architecture mo
34、vement further?A. The high-developed technology. B. Peoples desire to stay healthy.C. The high costs of energy. D. The economics.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What could be the authors attitude towards the traditional way of minimizing construction costs?A. Indifferent. B. Approved. C. Negative. D. Concerned
35、.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).It seems that using natural daylight cannot _.A. reduce energy costs and make workers more productive in green office buildingsB. increase sales in green shopping complexesC. make students perform better in green classroomsD. reduce legal liabilities for their owners in green a
36、rchitecture（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).The main question leading to the green architecture not being common is _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The three-dimensional computer models together with can predict accurately a buildings environmental impact.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The theory of a natural phenomenon of _ is em
37、ployed in the ventilation system in Pittsburghs convention centre to save energy.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. He doesnt know the dormitory, either. B. He can find the dormitory.C. He doesnt want to tell the woman. D. He will help the man find
38、the dormitory.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. A waste of time. B. Troublesome and meaningless.C. Very rewarding. D. Too expensive.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Drink much water after the exercise. B. Make slow and controlled moves.C. Warm up for a long time. D. Shout hard to get strength.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. T
39、he woman should decide where to eat Saturday.B. The woman has already made a plan.C. The woman should ask her sister for a suggestion.D. The woman should make a reservation at the restaurant.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. It was lost. B. Mary didnt like it.C. It was expensive. D. Henry did not buy it.（分数：7
40、.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Find a new repair shop. B. Take a bus to work.C. Hire a car. D. Buy a different car.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She is looking for another job. B. She will apply for financial aid.C. She thinks she will not need financial aid. D. She thinks she is not taking enough classes.（分数：7.00）A.
41、B.C.D.(3).A. He thinks he is a stranger here. B. He thinks it is not as good as he thought.C. He thinks it is a wonderful city. D. He doesnt like it at all.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. In 1995. B. In 2000. C. In 1999. D. In 20
42、01.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The European Central Bank didnt have enough experience.B. Most European countries refused to use euro.C. Euro was largely issued in most European countries.D. The economies became vet) weak all over the world.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A.To fully present the characteristics of E
43、uropean countries.B. To make them easy to use and take by the citizens.C. To enable the blind to distinguish between them easily.D. To make them fit for their value.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. She prefers cats to dogs. B. She
44、 was once bitten by the mans dog.C. She is an expert in animals. D. She used to work in a national zoo.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Walk it in the nearby garden. B. Give it an afternoon doggie treat.C. Let it watch a TV program. D. Brush its teeth and wash it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It gets a little mood
45、y at times. B. It enjoys listening to popular music.C. It never catches mice at home. D. It always chases his dog.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. She agrees to watch the animals for a reward.B. She refuses to take care of the animals.C. She advises the man to take his animals to the zoo for special care.D.
46、She promises to find a professional to look after the animals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Daily dose of vitamin C can improve acute-care patients mood.B. Daily dose of vitamin D can improve ac
47、ute-care patients mood.C. Both vitamin C and D help to improve acute-care patients mood.D. There is still not firm proof to make sure the exact effects of Vitamin C and D.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Patients are given too much vitamin C.B. Patients are given too much vitamin D.C. Patients are seldom giv
48、en vitamin supplements.D. Patients are rarely given psychological conciliation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Vitamin C has a favorable effect on depression patients.B. Vitamins have not any mood-boosting effect on healthy people.C. Extra intake of vitamin C will not make people any more animated.D. Most p
49、eople couldnt get sufficient levels of vitamin C from diet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Glasses of water help to lose weight. B. Body type is the key to weight loss.C. Apples and pears help to lose weight. D. Exercising is the best way to lose weight（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They refer to people whose body shape loo
