1、大学六级-1613 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1现在有不少家长让孩子在家上学2对于这种做法人们看法不一3在我看来Is Homeschooling Advisable?（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Smoke and MinorsMore teenage girls smoke than boys. Could it be because the tobacco industry plays on their desire to look
2、 fun, feel confident and stay thin?Forget BlackBerrys or wedges: the most desirable accessory for huge numbers of adolescent girls today is a cigarette. The trend began in the 1990s, when girls started to overtake boys as smokers; the gap grew to 10 percentage points in 2004 with 26% of 15-year-old
3、girls smoking compared with 16% of boys. The gap has narrowed since but in 2009 girls are still more likely to smoke than boys.There has long been a synergy (协同作用) between the changing self-image of girls and the tricks of the tobacco industry. Smoking was described by one team of researchers as a w
4、ay in which some adolescent girls express their resistance to the “good girl“ feminine identity. In 2011, when Kate Moss creates controversy by smoking tobacco on the Louis Vuitton catwalk and Lady Gaga breaks the law by lighting up on stage, cigarettes have clearly lost none of their appeal.Whats d
5、ifferent today is the “dark marketing“ techniques used by the tobacco industry since the end of “above-the-line“ advertising in 2002. These appeal to girls fears and fantasies, through online and real-world sponsorship.Tobacco manufacturers, for instance, have been accused of flooding YouTube with v
6、ideos of sexy smoking teenage girls, while in a pioneering partnership with British American Tobacco, Londons Ministry of Sound nightclub agreed in 1995 to promote Lucky Strike cigarettes. Most harmful because they are the most covert (隐蔽的), though, are the underground dance parties organised by Mar
7、lboro Mxtronic and Urban Wave, the marketing wing of Camel. Beneath the Camel logo, Urban Wave dance partiesstretching from Mexico to the Ukrainehand out free cigarettes, and are themselves free: you must be invited and register, thereby helping the tobacco company build up a database. In the US a 2
8、007 fashion-themed Camel 9 campaign was clearly targeted at young women, and so-called “brand stretching“ has popularised tobacco brands on non-tobacco products, such as Marlboro Classic Clothes.Adolescent girls seem particularly susceptible to the blandishments of the tobacco industry. Susie, 15, b
9、egan smoking two years ago. “It was on the common and everyone started experimenting. You think, Ooh, Im more cool, ooh I feel grownup and in with the crowd.“ Vanessa, 15, remembers that “it gave me a headrush, and it impressed my friends“. Becca, 2i, became a regular smoker at 15. “We were going ou
10、t and lying about our age and thought smoking made us look older.“Janne Scheffels, a Norwegian researcher, argued recently that teenage girl smokers view it as a kind of “prop (支撑)“ in a performance of adulthood, a way of crossing the boundary between childhood and adolescence, and moving away from
11、parents authority. Becca, says: “It felt like getting one over my parents: the fact that they didnt like it and couldnt stop it made me feel better.“Teenage smokers, the theory used to go, suffer from a lack of self-esteem. The reality is more complex. A succession of studies have found that smoking
12、 positions you in a group of “top girls“highstatus, popular, fun-loving, rebellious, confident, cool party-goers who project self-esteem (not, of course, the same as actually having it). Non-smokers are mostly seen as more sensible and less risk-taking.Smoking, says Vanessa, is also bonding. You sta
13、rt conversations with strangers when you ask for a lightan attractive social lubricant (润滑剂) for awkward teenagers. But the hub of teen smoking is break-time: it builds a girls smoking identity. Sara, 14, says: “That was when it became regular, when I started going out at lunch and break, round the
14、comer from school where everyone smokes. You become less close to people who dont go out.“Some smoke for emotional reasons: smokers are more likely to be anxious and depressed; having a cigarette is a way of dealing with stress. Twice as many teenage girls suffer from “teen anxiety“ as boys, accordi
15、ng to a report from the thinktank Demos last month.According to Amanda Amos, professor of health promotion at the University of Edinburgh, theres also a social class dimension: more disadvantaged teenage girls smoke, and theyre less likely to give up. Then why arent boys equally affected? This is wh
16、ere it gets particularly dispiriting. “Top boys“ have alternative ways of displaying prestige, such as sport; smoking to look cool conflicts with their desire to get fit. Girls want to be thin more than fit: smoking, they believe, helps keep their weight down. One in four said that smoking made them
17、 feel less hungry and that they smoked “instead of eating“.Already in the 1920s the president of American Tobacco realised he could interest women in cigarettes by selling them as a fat-free way to satisfy hunger. The Lucky Strike adverts of 1925, “Reach for Lucky instead of a sweet“, one of the fir
18、st cigarette advert campaigns aimed at women, increased its market share by more than 200%. Between 1949 and 1999, according to internal documents from the tobacco industry released during litigation in the US, Philip Morris and British American Tobacco added appetite suppressants to cigarettes.The
19、industry has continued to exploit girls and womens anxieties about weight. Since advertising was banned, says Amos, packaging is one of the few ways that tobacco companies can communicate with women. Young women looking at cigarette packs branded “slim“ are more likely to believe that the contents c
20、an help make them slim. So no prizes for guessing the target market for the new “super-skinny“ cigaretteshalf the depth of a normal pack of 20like Vogue Superslims, or the Virginia S.Until recently, few health education campaigns had taken on board the research into why young women smoke and sounsur
21、prisinglyhad little impact. Some even inadvertently encouraged smoking: if you bang on about how bad cigarettes are you make themto this groupsound good. And theres no point in trying to scare girls about developing cancer when theyre old: they dont think they will be.The ones I interviewed know the
22、 health risks but use all kinds of strategies to exempt themselves: their uncles smoke and are fine; theyll stop when theyre pregnant (they disapprove of smoking pregnant women); theyll stop to avoid wrinkles; theyll stop when theyre “20 or 30“.The successful campaigns have been radically different.
23、 The brilliant late-1990s Florida “truth“ campaign, eschewing (避开) worthy public health appeals, played the tobacco industry at its own game. Through MTV ads, a newsletter distributed in record shops, merchandising, and a “truth“ truck touring concerts and raves, it attacked the industry for manipul
24、ating teens to smoke, repositioning anti-smoking as a hip, rebellious youth movement. As a result, the number of young smokers declined by almost 10% over two years.It doesnt do to get morally anxious about girls and smoking. For one thing, now thatin year 10“everyone smokes“, non-smokers and other
25、independent-minded girls are acquiring a cool of their own. Smoking to look cool, its even been suggested, risks you being judged a “try-hard“.On the other hand, cancer is the greatest cause of death among women and, as Amos points out, we havent seen the full health consequences of this bulge of gi
26、rls smoking yet. Last week Amos addressed the European parliament as part of Europe Against Cancer Week. Female MEPS (members of the European parliament) were shocked when she passed round packets of super-skinnies clearly targeted at girls, and discussed how women need to be empowered not to smoke.
27、 Girls need alternatives that make them feel as powerful, independent and attractive as they think cigarettes do. Smoking really is a feminist issue.（分数：49.00）(1).In the 1990s, there was a trend that _.A. girls desired for high-end products B. cigarettes became necessary to girlsC. more teenage girl
28、s smoked than boysD. many boys started to quit smoking（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do the examples of Kate Moss and Lady Gaga show?A. Sexy smoking teenage girls enjoy great popularity.B. Top brands tend to hire celebrities in their promotions.C. Few adolescent girls are satisfied with their appearance.
29、D. Smoking is still very appealing to many teenage girls.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is said about the underground dance parties organized by Marlboro Mxtronic?A. They are hidden and extremely harmful. B. They give people enormous pleasure.C. They can be found throughout the world.D. They are mainly a
30、imed at teenage boys.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Janne Scheffels, adolescent girls regard smoking as_.A. a sign of being anxious and depressedB. an act of defiance toward parental authorityC. a way of starting conversations with strangersD. an effective method of impressing their peers（分数：7.00
31、）A.B.C.D.(5).The author suggests that “top girls“ _.A. are less likely to be smokers B. can deal with stress very wellC. are more sensible than other girls D. dont actually have self-esteem（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Amanda Amos holds that disadvantaged girls _.A. realize the harm of smoking B. are less li
32、kely to stop smokingC. want to get fit instead of being thin D. have healthy ways of losing weight（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What did American Tobacco do to attract women to cigarettes in the 1920s?A. It used substances that increased appetite.B. It handed out free cigarettes in public places.C. It sold c
33、igarettes as a slimming aid for women.D. It produced cigarettes that had a sweet taste.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.Young women tend to believe that cigarettes in slim packs can help them to be _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.Heath education campaigns had _ on stopping women from smoking because few of them studied the r
34、eason women smoke.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.The superskinny cigarette packs which Amos presented at the European parliament _ its female members.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. How to help their parents. B. How to take computer courses.C. How to spend a
35、summer vacation. D. How to celebrate the last day of school.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. At his apartment. B. In a hotel nearby.C. In the womans home. D. In his friends dormitory.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She has finished her thesis.B. A special day is coming over soon.C. The man was elected the chair of t
36、he department.D. There is something special about their school.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. There were a lot of good books. B. He bought a lot of books over there.C. The books were too expensive to buy. D. There were many people at the book sale.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. The mans glasses have been fixed al
37、ready.B. The man may pick up the glasses on Friday.C. The man may pick up the glasses on Wednesday.D. The mans glasses have been fixed within a week.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Lisa might be able to help. B. Lisa is always on the Internet.C. Sandy is busy with her engagement. D. Sandy is working on her
38、lab reports.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He exaggerated 1/is part. B. He was not dramatic enough.C. He played his part quite well. D. He performed better than the secretary.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. An open door. B. An open discussion.C. A private room. D. A closed door.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22
39、are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Albania. B. Hungary.C. Romania. D. Czechoslovakia.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Tomorrow. B. Next month.C. Immediately. D. Towards the end of the month.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He may make a lot of friends there. B. He wants to visit his re
40、latives there.C. He may do some market research there.D. He may enjoy the beautiful scenery there.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Sell medical facilities. B. Further personal contacts.C. Establish personal contacts. D. Investigate personal contacts.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conver
41、sation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Social activities. B. Cultural activities.C. Language activities. D. Sports activities.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Tuesday. B. Wednesday.C. Thursday. D. Friday.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. 5. B. 30. C. 25. D. 55.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Passage O
42、neQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：70.00）(1).A. They have to take a lot of courses.B. They dont need to go to labs.C. They take a very light class load.D. They have much free time for independent study.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To establish a good image and a high re
43、putation.B. To smoothly present their results and research.C. To make themselves confident and brave.D. To develop a creative mind.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. To make friends with their peers. B. To get on well with their colleagues.C. To get the latest information. D. To do research into other areas.（分
44、数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The degree they disrupt the computer. B. The way they reproduce and spread.C. The space they occupy on the Internet. D. The target they mainly attack.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. It first appeared in 1988. B. It traveled via e-mail messages.C. It first broke out in Britain. D. It wa
45、s meant to steal documents.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. They dont damage computer systems.B. They need to attach themselves to other files.C. They could spread on their own through computer networks.D. They replicate themselves when data is shared with another computer system.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. The
46、components and functions of films.B. The standards used to value a film.C. The whole process of movie-making. D. The future development of the movie industry.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. Musical score. B. Clothing design.C. Special effects. D. The credits.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. It can make all the audie
47、nces crazy. B. It can affect the fashion of the world.C. It can spoil the image of an actor. D. It can make an ordinary person leap to fame.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. It was made during World War . B. It was made for politicians.C. It reflects things in World War . D. It was made for peace lovers.（分数：
48、7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The social effects of job-sharing are likely to be beneficial, since it attempts to match work opportunities to a wider variety of lifestyles. The (36) of one full-time and one part-time spouse might become much more common: which was the husband and which was
49、 the wife would vary according to taste, time of life and career (37) What exactly is job-sharing? The Equal Opportunities Commission (38) it as “a form of part-time employment where two people (39) share the responsibility of one full-time position“. Salary and benefits are (40) between the two sharers. Each persons terms and conditions of employment are t
