1、大学六级-191 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Reciting Traditional Chinese Poems following the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 1现在很多父母和
2、学校老师都热衷于让孩子背诵古诗 2有人支持这种做法，也有人反对 3我的看法 （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)（分数：35.50）A.In a restaurant.B.In an office.C.In a hospital.D.In a meeting room.A.Advertise on the school radio.B.Let the radio station know the seminar.C.Raise money for the advertisement
3、.D.Make an advertisement in public.A.The weather of last night.B.The deserts in the world.C.The cause of Death Valley.D.The man“s camping in the desert.A.Her student.B.Her supervisor.C.Her colleague.D.Her tutor.A.Ask the woman to join the theater group.B.Prepare for joining the theater group.C.Rehea
4、rse a new program for the group.D.Look for more people for their group.（分数：21.30）A.The man got the flu recently.B.The woman didn“t know the man.C.The woman didn“t recover from illness.D.The man was hostile to the woman.A.The man didn“t like his old wall.B.The wallpapers faded long time ago.C.The wom
5、an is the man“s wife.D.The woman brought some wallpapers to the man.A.Play instruments in class.B.Ask her classmates for help.C.Give her speech without preparation.D.Discuss a topic with the students.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.To pay the man back
6、 some money.B.To learn some exercise knowledge.C.To keep in good shape.D.To choose an expert she believes in.A.Changing customers“ habits in a scientific way.B.Designing the suitable exercise equipment.C.Providing health assessment for the customers.D.Helping to use the heart rate monitor.A.She is r
7、ecommended by an old member.B.She will sign up for one year.C.The club reopens this week.D.The club celebrates its anniversary this week.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.Social status.B.Income.C.Working conditions.D.Types of work.A.More and more peopl
8、e go to college.B.The proportion of girl students is growing.C.Not everyone is suitable for college education.D.Some measures should be carried out.A.It can help students find good jobs.B.It is a symbol of the students“ skills.C.It can provide some assessment criteria.D.It reflects the employee“s at
9、titude to work.A.His college degree.B.His willingness to work.C.The useful information about him.D.His flexible time.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.By employing more and more salesmen.B.By customers“
10、 introduction and recommendation.C.By the advertisements on TV, newspapers and websites.D.By calling the potential customers directly.A.More information can be put on websites.B.It is more flexible and attractive.C.The information can spread more quickly.D.It saves people much money to advertise on
11、websites.A.By visiting potential customers“ websites constantly.B.By posting messages on potential customers“ Facebook wall.C.By responding potential customers“ complaints online.D.By using the account to put out business information constantly.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 19 to 21 are bas
12、ed on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.It can save people a lot of money and time.B.It will improve our quality of daily life.C.It offers convenience and saves our strength.D.It is safer and more convenient.A.We don“t know whom we make a transaction with.B.We don“t know the sellers“ repu
13、tation and personality.C.We can“t identify whether the goods are real or not.D.We don“t know whether a credit card can be used or not.A.Receiving fake goods.B.Losing the goods we ordered.C.Receiving low-quality goods.D.Being overcharged.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：28.40)Questions 22 to 25 are based on
14、the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.They came from poor families.B.They had bad behaviors.C.They can“t speak Spanish.D.They had lower IQ.A.Have the strong will to succeed.B.Listen to their parents and teachers.C.Believe in themselves.D.Get rid of their bad habits.A.It is the final exam for
15、high school students.B.It is a national math contest for teenagers.C.It is a program set to help the poor students.D.It is set for college-level students.A.They gave similar answers to the test papers.B.They had some suspicious behaviors.C.They suffered from discrimination.D.They were not well educa
16、ted.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)In recent decades, franchising (专卖店) has grown increasingly popular and widespread. Sales from franchises in the United States more than doubled during the 1980s, the period of the most 1 growth for this creative form of business. Especially prevalent in the retail sec
17、tor, businesses where franchising has established a strong presence include fastfood outlets, 2 stores, automobile rental agencies and service stations. The reasons for the spectacular growth of franchising are not hard to identify. 3 , a franchise operation has already identified a potential market
18、 and created a product to fit the consumers“ need. This is especially true of fast-food stores, which have 4 the changing outlook of modern societies. In addition, buying a franchise from an established company, while not 5 success, will at least diminish the risk of failure. While around 30% of ind
19、ependent small companies go bust within the first two years, the 6 rate for first-time franchisees is only at around 5%. Another reason why so many inexperienced companies turn to franchising is the support usually 7 the parent company. Established management, supply and control systems give franchi
20、sees the benefit of 8 accumulated business experience while still allowing a limited amount of independence. Franchising, then, is considered by many to be the ideal way to enter business for the first time. 9 franchisees, however, are well advised to properly research the nature of the industry and
21、 the background of the franchise holder before committing themselves and their money. In the words of Colonel Sanders of KFC fame, “buying a franchise is probably the quickest, easiest and most successful way of becoming an 10 .“ （分数：71.00）填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，
22、分数：35.50)The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people“s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work 1 which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a 2 thought. But, in fact, it could off
23、er the 3 of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became 4 when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide
24、a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and 5 work from people“s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, 6 , many people“s work lost all connection with their
25、home lives and the places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became 7 for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. It was not only women whose work status 8 . As employment became the dominant form
26、 of work, young people and old people were 9 . All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of 10 many people to manage without full-time jobs. A. amazing F. discour
27、aging K. prospect B. concepts G. eventually L. removed C. customary H. excluded M. suffered D. definitely I. helping N. vision E. deprived J. patterns O. widespread（分数：35.50）十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)How Girls Can Win in Math and ScienceA. Math is a cumulative subject, unlike say history, which ca
28、n be learned in discrete units. College algebra (代数) is basically a course in the language of mathematics. Some might say that algebra is the mechanics of mathematics. The examples included at this level are simple, designed to reinforce that the student has learned the “how“. The next layer of cour
29、ses teaches how to use this language, or this set of tools, to describe and model the real world. Being able to do this should leave no doubt in the student“s mind that they are mathematically competent. B. For years, feminists have lamented (悲叹) the sorry state of girls in math and science, as they
30、 lag behind their male peers in test scores and shy away from careers in engineering and technology. Yet perhaps the most frustrating recent development on the topic is that some of the very programs designed to help girls get ahead may be holding them backor are simply misguided. Take single-sex ma
31、th and science classes. While they seem like a logical way to give girls a jump-start in these subjects, new research suggests this initiativechampioned over the past two decades as a possible solutionmay backfire. C. In a study published last year, psychologist Howard Glasser at Bryn Mawr College e
32、xamined teacher-student interaction in sex-segregated science classes. As it turned out, teachers behaved differently toward boys and girls in a way that gave boys an advantage in scientific thinking. While boys were encouraged to engage in back-and-forth questioning with the teacher and fellow stud
33、ents, girls had many fewer such experiences. Glasser suggests they didn“t learn to argue in the same way as boys, and argument is the key to scientific thinking. Glasser points out that sex-segregated classrooms can construct differences between the sexes by giving them unequal experiences. Unfortun
34、ately, such differences can impact kids“ choices about future courses and careers. It“s worth noting that the girls and boys in these science classes had similar grades, which masked the uneven dynamic. It was only when researchers reviewed videotapes of the lessons that they got a deeper analysis o
35、f what was actually going on, and what the kids were really learning. D. Glasser“s research got a boost last September when the journal Science published a scathing (尖刻的) report on the larger issue of single-sex education, titled “The Pseudoscience of Single-Sex Schooling“. In the article, eight lea
36、ding psychologists and neuroscientists debunked (揭穿真相) research supporting single-sex education, and argued that sex segregation “increases gender stereotyping and legitimizes institutional sexism“. E. Another misguidedor, mistimedeffort to improve girls“ performance is the “you can do it“ messaging
37、 directed toward girls in middle school, the period when their scores start lagging. New research shows that even when preteen girls say they believe this message, “stereotype threat“when negative cultural stereotypes affect a group“s behaviorhas a dampening effect on their actual performance. F. In
38、 a 2009 study, psychologist Pascal Huguet of France“s Aix-Marseille University found that middle-school girls scored highest on tests measuring visual-spatial abilitieswhich are key to success in engineering, chemistry, medicine, and architecture, fields that promise high-paying, prestigious jobs do
39、wn the roadwhen they were led to believe that there were no gender differences on the tasks. Not surprisingly, when they were told that boys do better on these tasks, they did poorly. But curiously, when they were given no information, allowing cultural stereotypes to operate, they also did poorly.
40、The stereotypes were already firmly established. The authors discovered: By middle school it“s too little, too late. G. To disarm stereotypes, we must actively arm girls against themstarting at a very young age. By first or second grade, both girls and boys have the notion that math is a “boy thing“
41、. But a 2011 study by psychologist Anthony Greenwald of the University of Washington found that there“s a window of opportunity during these early years in which, while girls do see math largely as a male preserve, they haven“t yet made the connection that “because I am a girl, math is not for me“.
42、During this short period, girls are relatively open to the idea that they can enjoy and do well at math. H. One strategy? Researchers suggest we take gender out of the equation in teaching about occupations. Rather than saying “girls can be scientists“, we should talk about what scientists do. For e
43、xample, kids may be especially interested to know that scientists study how the world around them really works. Psychologists Rebecca Bigler of the University of Texas at Austin and Lynn Liben at Penn State say that when girls are encouraged to think this way, they“re much more likely to retain what
44、 they“re taught than they would be if they were just given the generic “girls can do science“ message. I. Finally, while women teachers can lead the way for girls in math and science, acting as role models, parents should be on the lookout for teachers“ math anxiety. A 2010 study of first- and secon
45、d-graders led by psychologist Sian L. Beilock at the University of Chicago found that girls may learn to fear math from their earliest instructorsand that female elementary-school teachers who lack confidence in their own math skills could be passing their anxiety along to their students. The more a
46、nxious teachers were about their own skills, the more likely their female students were to agree that “boys are good at math and girls are good at reading“. And according to Beilock, elementary-education majors at the college level have the highest math anxiety level of any major, and may be unwitti
47、ngly passing along a virus of underachievement to girls. J. Parents can “vaccinate“ girls against their teachers“ math anxiety, according to new research. But there may be a silver lining to this story for parents. Even if your daughter has a teacher with high math anxiety, it“s not inevitable that
48、she“s going to experience problems with mathit turns out that parents (or others) can “vaccinate“ girls against their teachers“ qualms (不安). Beilock found that teachers“ anxiety alone didn“t do the damage. If girls already had a belief that “girls aren“t good at math“, their achievement suffered. Bu
49、t the girls who didn“t buy into that stereotype, who thought, of course I can be good at math, didn“t tumble into an achievement gulf. K. Now that we have reason to believe that gender stereotyping starts much earlier than previously thought, we also need to accept that countering it requires more sophisticated approaches than those we now use. If girls continue to lag behind in math areas, our future economy and competitiveness could suffer. It“s critical that we star
