1、大学六级-421 及答案解析(总分：703.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B Intelligent Transport System/BToday, there are many ways to travel around a large metropolitan area, for work or pleasure. You could walk, although the range is admittedly low. You could bicycle, b
2、ut you still do a lot of work, and its dangerous. You could drive a car, which takes concentration and sobriety and a license. You could ride a bus, and let someone else drive. You could take a train, and let a computer drive you. Or you could fly, and wait a long time for the plane to take off and
3、land.All modes of transportation have advantages, and disadvantages. However, in recent decades, the single system that has won over all others is the private automobile. This allows you to go from your starting point to your destination point, with your complete control, at a reasonable speed in a
4、reasonable time. Unfortunately, apart from the pollutants created by the vehicle itself, the fact that so many other people seem to enjoy its perceived freedom causes major traffic jams, and the requirement for traffic control devices.Too many people using too little road space at the same time caus
5、es traffic jams. It is most profound on large grade separated roads, that have limited access. There have been various solutions tried out, including high occupancy vehicle lanes, ramp metering, or road widening. Unfortunately, they simply dont solve the problem of lack of capacity.Traffic control d
6、evices impose certain controls on the flow of traffic. Most common are traffic lights. These meter the flow of traffic between two or more roads so that at no time is any vehicle in conflict with any other. However, they also impose that traffic comes to a complete stop, requiring vehicles to stop a
7、nd then start again. This not only slows vehicles down, but also is the prime cause of wasted energy in urban settings.Unfortunately, cities are very reluctant to spend money. Therefore any future transport system has to be cheap for cities. This implies that current infrastructure is kept as much a
8、s possible, or improved. Using roads, the prime infrastructure available today would mean the form factor for vehicles would stay the same, but each individual vehicle could be made more intelligent.So for tomorrow, we need to design a transport system that uses roads or a very slight improvement on
9、 roads to provide a high capacity system that provides service for everyone. This could be achieved by implementing the following eight systems, each of which provides more of a burden on the car manufacturer, but would eventually provide a system, which is automatic, safe and efficient.Firstly, all
10、 cars should have intelligence brakes and cruise control. These would remove the driver from the responsibility of having to follow along behind somebody. By pressing a button, the driver would give control of the distance between his car and the car in front. If the car in front slowed down, you wo
11、uld not have to wait for the brake lights to light up, the driver to see them, Wen press the brake pedal the right amount, and continuously monitor the distance. Instead the car would be programmed to continuously monitor the distance to the car in front and instantly alter its speed to match and ma
12、intain the distance.By speeding up the feedback circuit, you can close the distance of cars, and therefore increase the capacity. You also remove driver error so reducing the number of accidents. Also, cars could communicate locally with each other and ware ahead of time that following cars need to
13、slow down.Next, you need to remove the driver from the responsibility of steering the vehicle. Having complex vision systems on a car seems over the top as they not only dramatically increase the cost of the car, but also the complexity of the control software. Instead you could build detector into
14、the front of the car that detect the middle of a lane of traffic. The car would try and keep the vehicle in that lane. Junctions could be built by having the centerline split. The operator or route planning software would decide which of the two or more signals to follow.Separating lanes of automati
15、c cars from those driven by humans especially on high speed highways, would give an incentive to not only purchase an automatic car but also to purchase the road space which it uses. Since these separate lanes would have not only fast moving traffic but also safer traffic, they could be marked and s
16、old by cities to create a revenue stream to allow the building of more augmented roads.Having a device in the car that does route planning is a great help for people who dont know the way around your city. But what if you lived in the city for many years? Its not going to be that much use, is it? By
17、 linking route planning with real time information on traffic levels in the city, you can quickly divert your journey to use the most efficient roads. This information could be relayed to vehicles using broadcast radio. Roadside sensors that determine the flow of traffic on a road would detect the s
18、peeds.The ability to remove the parking requirements from near a building would allow more compact cities, which are better pedestrian environments. However, people dont like to walk from a parking structure that is a long way from their destination. The solution is to allow the car to drop off the
19、passengers where required and then drive itself to the nearest parking structure that is known to have a space.By automatically controlling the speed and location of all traffic, you can make junctions work very efficiently. At the moment, some traffic has to stop, and when it resumes, the cars spre
20、ad out into a large disperse volume. Instead you could move each group of cars as a packet, adjusting its speed so that it arrives at an intersection at just the right time so that it never has to stop. This could be achieved by changing the speed of a section of road so those cars slow down gradual
21、ly. The speeds of road segments would be set by nearby junction computers each linked to the other. This would create a holistic traffic control system. If one section lost power, the system would revert to a normal junction.When a group of people move from one location to another, it would make sen
22、se to allow them to travel together instead of having to each use a separate vehicle. On demand group transport would allow the request of a large vehicle which can automatically move people from one location to another. These vehicles would be stored at strategic locations, and then sent to the req
23、uesting site as quickly as possible. Vehicles could be booked in advance, and you pay by the time used in minutes, not the distance traveled or destination.At the other end is the replacement of the taxi. This would be similar to the group transport but for smaller groups. Again these vehicles would
24、 be stored at strategic locations, so that people dont have to wait very long. Again they are hired by the minute of use. Since you are no longer required to own your own vehicle, the total number of vehicles required in the whole system is reduced, and therefore the number of parking spaces require
25、d. Given a fully demand driven transport system, you would never need to find another parking space in your life.After the above is implemented, you have on demand private or group transport vehicles driving themselves from point to point without the need to stop at junctions, wait for traffic jams
26、on freeways, or get lost along the way.（分数：70.00）(1).Riding a bicycle takes concentration, sobriety and a license.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Private automobile is the most important mode of transportation in recent decades.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Air pollution is the most serious problem caused by the exist of
27、 too many private automobiles.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Traffic lights are the most common traffic control devices.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Drivers can be free from the responsibility of having to follow along behind someone with the help of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Having complex vision system will increase the
28、cost of the car and increase _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).You can have fast moving and safer traffic in _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).To solve the problem of parking, we need the car to drive itself to the nearest parking structure after _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).We have a request of a large vehicle which can automati
29、cally move people from one location to another to meet the demand of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).In order to be prompt, taxi for the transport of smaller groups should be stored at _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：
30、56.00）A.Commenting on a picture.B.Looking at some paint,C.Painting a picture.D.Comparing two paintings.A.Professor and student.B.Shop assistant and customer.C.Librarian and reader.D.Two friends.A.Future happiness is attractive,B.The man shouldnt work too hard for the happiness of future.C.The man sh
31、ould retire early.D.Today s happiness is less important than tomorrows.A.In a bar.B.In a restaurant.C.In a hotel.D.In a grocer s.A.The man is handsome.B.The man used to be unhealthy.C.The lecture is not very clearD.The man has become a better person.A.Buy something to eat on the train.B.Take the fiv
32、e o clock trainC.Wait to catch a later train.D.Take the train to the airport,A.She feels nervous about the test.B.She worries about her competence.C.She thinks she is well prepared.D.She doesnt like the training behind the wheel.A.Take a break.B.Go to work.C.Do the other problems.D.Keep trying.BQues
33、tions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.ballet.B.Swimming.C.Nursing.D.TeachingA.She has a powerful mother.B.She loves her cat.C.To be a vet is her dream.D.For her teacher.A.Cathy is not so brilliant.B.Cathy thinks her mother is very kind.C.She went to France wi
34、th the school choir last year.D.The man is her father.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Same height.B.Same friends.C.Same number of children.D.Same university.A.She married twice.B.She does not like baby.C.She likes to do housework.D.She envies her sist
35、er.A.Manager.B.Teacher.C.Engineer.D.Journalist.A.Same gene, same life.B.Identical twins also have very different lives.C.The element of environment is more important.D.None of the above.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21
36、.00）A.Its near Mexico City.B.Its in Guatemala.C.Its stretched from the plains of central Mexico to the mountains of Guatemala.D.Its in America.A.It has become a clumsy giant.B.The city has suffered from lung-time famine.C.There was an epidemic disease that time.D.It has been set on fire.A.Teotihuaca
37、n, once the home of 200,000 people, was the center of a large empire.B.Many archaeologists are fascinated by the ruins of a pre-Columbia city called Teotihuacan.C.Teotihuacan, once a major metropolitan area, was destroyed by an invasion.D.A still unsolved mystery is why the people of Teotihnacan sud
38、denly abandoned their city.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.For hunting.B.For protecting himself.C.For stimulation.D.For protecting the country.A.Males are arrested about four times more than females.B.According to the survey, 61% of all men f
39、eel unsafe in their own neighborhoods at night.C.More women arrested than men in juvenile runaway cases and prostitution.D.The police and court are required to be more kind to the female offenders.A.Rape.B.Burglary.C.Aggravated assault.D.Smuggling.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the pa
40、ssage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Paris.B.Copenhagen.C.New York.D.London.A.Once.B.Twice.C.Three times.D.Never.A.They won the tournament last year.B.They have been trained the hardest in the tournament.C.They have the most money to spend on their athletes.D.They have never lost a game before.A.
41、The German team.B.The British team.C.The Brazilian Team.D.The American team.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)With the recent rapid advances in information technologies,U (36) /Uresearchers at every level and in everyU (37) /Uhave developed new methods, tools, andU (38) /Ufor instruction. As the Interne
42、t, e-mail and multimedia have already become parts of most college students lives nowadays;U (39) /Uthese new information tech nologies to engineering and science instruction is a greatU (40) /Ufor teachers and researchers. Although the effectiveness andU (41) /Uof new information technologies on ed
43、ucation are not yet wellU (42) /Uand documented the promises andU (43) /Uthey hold for improving education are exciting For example,U (44) /UStudents at home and in work places can have access to learning material at any time.U (45) /U. Students can work on learning materials at their own pace and d
44、iscuss them with other people when they have questions. In other words,U (46) /U（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)The three biggest lies in America are: (1) “The check is in the mail.“ (2) “Of course Il
45、l respect you in the morning.“ (3) “It was a computer error.“Of these three little white lies, the worst of the lot by far is the third. Its the only one that can never be true. Today, if a bank statement cheats you out of $900 that way, you know what the clerk is sure to say: “It was a computer err
46、or.“ Nonsense. The computer is reporting nothing more than what the clerk typed into it.The most irritating case of all is when the computerized cash register in the grocery store shows that an item costs more than it actually does. If the innocent buyer points out the mistake, the checker, bagger,
47、and manager all come together and offer the familiar explanation: “It was a computer error.“It wasnt, of course. That high-tech cash register is really nothing more than an electric eye. The eye reads the Universal Product Code-that ribbon of black and white lines in a comer of the package-and then checks the code against a price list stored in memory. If the price list is right, youll be charged accurately.Grocery stores update the price list each day-that is, somebody sits at a keyboard and types in the prices. If the price
