1、大学六级模拟 969 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the Importance of Buying a House. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. （分数：106.50）_二、P
2、art Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：2，分数：104.00)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：52.00）A.Food packaging.B.Varieties of fish.C.A new snack food.D.An artificial food flavoring.A.To preserve it longer.B.To give it a particular taste.C.To make it smooth
3、er.D.To increase the fermentation.A.Its low purchase price.B.Its wide availability.C.Its good nutritional value.D.Its high water content.A.Because the product is out of stock.B.Because it will take months to arrive.C.Because the food hasn“t been produced yet.D.Because the special fish is in short su
4、pply.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：52.00）A.She forgot the time.B.She didn“t feel hungry.C.She attended a prolonged class.D.She ran into an old friend.A.He is unable to prevent students from fighting.B.He is popular for his devotion to teaching.C.His lectures
5、 are hard to understand.D.He is ignorant of his students“ health.A.To visit the professor privately.B.To argue with the professor.C.To attend the professor“s class.D.To skip the professor“s class.A.They make him feel good.B.He is indifferent to them.C.They bore him to death.D.He is overburdened.四、Se
6、ction B(总题数：2，分数：73.50)Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：31.50）A.Her business skills.B.Her study experience abroad.C.Her critical thinking ability.D.Her cultural knowledge.A.It paid off.B.It turned out to be a nightmare.C.It was overcharged.D.It made her an expert.A
7、.Finances, time and property.B.Tuition, spending and relationships.C.Money, safety and time limitations.D.Experience, spending constraints and security.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：42.00）A.Doubtful.B.Guilty.C.Sad.D.Pessimistic.A.Because he benefited a lot from
8、 people“s advice.B.Because he always held up to his dreams.C.Because he was in fact a versatile genius.D.Because he got great help from his followers.A.His body was too strong and his name too long.B.He never made any movie poster with his name.C.His face was too ugly and his brain too simple.D.He p
9、layed too many Nazi roles on the screen.A.Fabulous fortune.B.Faith in himself.C.Larger circle of friends.D.A bigger goal.五、Section C(总题数：3，分数：71.00)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.We tend to be satisfied after a second thought.B.We are not always thrill
10、ed with them afterwards.C.We always regret the hasty ones we made.D.We are mostly happy with whom we“ve become.A.Their misconception about the power of time.B.Their ignorance about the rate of change in life.C.Their fantasy that the youth change more slowly.D.Their belief that adults change faster t
11、han babies.A.They are of the same importance all through one“s life.B.They will not change at least in the next 10 years.C.The balance of them will shift as time goes by.D.They change more in teenage years than in elder years.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. （分数：28.
12、40）A.It will still resist online service for some time.B.It“s eager to launch online service soon.C.It might not resist online service anymore.D.It“s still hesitant about offering online service.A.They are eager to try grocery websites.B.They are very cautious about trying it.C.They resist buying fr
13、esh produce online.D.They find it convenient and satisfactory.A.It is the biggest American online grocer.B.It can make a profit from its online operation.C.Its customers are mainly from Manhattan.D.It will do some innovation on online service.A.They are too afraid of Amazon to offer online-grocery s
14、ervice.B.They won“t take Walmart“s online-grocery business seriously.C.They are afraid the online shopping market will expand.D.They decide not to repeat the mistakes others have made.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Nothing but the darkness.B.Fireflies
15、blinking everywhere.C.A world of lighting animals.D.Wreckage of ancient ships.A.To protect themselves or attract prey.B.To make the deep sea bright and beautiful.C.To find their ways in darkness.D.To attract mates and warn enemies.A.To explain its specialty and function.B.To show shallow-water anima
16、ls are also amazing.C.To explain how animals adapt to surroundings.D.To call on people to protect sea animals.六、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)This is not a typical summer camp. But Michelle Pawlaw is glad she signed up for it. “Getting to experience the fires hands-on i
17、s really cool and something that most people don“t get to do,“ she said. Michelle and eight other teenage girls are 1 in the three-day camp offered by the Arlington County Fire Department 2 just outside of Washington. Firefighter Clare Barley is in charge of the program. “The purpose is to try to ge
18、t young women interested in 3 the fire service as a career,“ she said. The free of charge, overnight camp is designed to let the girls experience what 4 do in the line of duty to protect the community. That includes some rigorous activities such as moving a fire victim. They take classes and learn h
19、ow to climb the ladder on a fire truck, 5 emergency tools and rescue. They also do their share of cleaning the 6 and the equipment for an injured person. Firefighting is still a male-dominated service, but Burley says with 22 women on its force of 320 the Arlington Fire Department is above the natio
20、nal 7 of 4.5 percent. Burley joined the department seven years ago. “We do everything that the guys do to the same standard. We are tested to the same standard. We are 8 to operate at the same standard,“ she said. “We need to wash the lettuce and put it in a green big bowl,“ said Lieutenant Robert B
21、eer. The girls help the 9 on duty prepare for dinner. It is also part of the program. And, the girls say, by 10 three days together, they also made new friends and had a lot of fun. A. located B. average C. almost D. operate E. expected F. firehouse G. crew H. greenhouse I. considering J. firefighte
22、rs K. nearly L. cost M. participating N. imagined O. spending（分数：35.50）八、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Advantages of Being HelplessA. At every stage of early development, human babies lag behind infants from other species. A kitten can walk slowly across a room within moments of birth and catch its f
23、irst mouse within weeks, while its human counterpart takes months to make her first step, and years to learn even simple tasks, such as how to tie a shoelace or skip a rope. Yet, in the cognitive race, human babies turn out to be much like the tortoise (乌龟) in Aesop“s fable: emerging triumphant afte
24、r a slow and steady climb to the finish. B. Yet, this victory seems puzzling. In the fable, the tortoise wins the race because the hare takes a nap. But, if anything, human infants nap even more than kittens! And unlike the noble tortoise, babies are helpless, and more to the point, hopeless. They c
25、ould not learn the basic skills necessary to their independent survival. How do human babies manage to turn things around in the end? C. In a recent article in Current Directions in Psychological Science , Sharon Thompson-Schill, Michael Ramscarand Evangelia Chrysikou make the case that this very he
26、lplessness is what allows human babies to advance far beyond other animals. They propose that our delayed cortical development (皮质发育) is precisely what enables us to acquire the cultural building blocks, such as language, that make up the foundations of human achievement. In the same way, they sugge
27、st, our ability to learn language comes at the price of an extended period of cognitive immaturity. D. This claim hinges on a peculiar and unique feature of our cognitive architecture: the stunningly slow development of the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质), or PFC. The PFC is often referred to as the “contr
28、ol“ center of the brain. One of its main functions is of selectively filtering information from the senses, allowing us to attend to specific actions, goals, or tasks. For this reason, cognitive “control“ tasks are thought to be one of the best assessors of PFC function and maturity. E. The Stroop t
29、ask (斯特鲁普任务) serves as a simple assessor of PFC function in adults. The task involves naming the ink color of a contrasting color word: for example, you might see the word “red“ written in green ink, in which case you have to say “green“. Tricky or not, healthy adults can successfully complete the t
30、ask with only minor hesitation. Children, with their immature PFC“s, are a different story. Typically, the younger children are, the worse they are at solving Stroop-like tasks, and under the age of four, they outright fail them. While young children are sensitive, apt learners, and often appear to
31、fully understand what is being asked of them, they are unable to mediate the conflicting demands present in these sorts of tasks, and thus fail them, time and time again. Three-year olds simply cannot direct how they attend to or respond to the world. F. Thompson-Schill and her colleagues suggest th
32、at this inability to direct attention has important consequences when it comes to learning about uncertain events. For example, imagine you are playing a guessing game: You have to choose one of two options, either A or B, one of which leads to a prize, and the other does not. After a few rounds, yo
33、u notice that about 3/4 of the time the prize is at A, and the rest of the time it is at B, so you decide to guess “A“ 75 percent of the time and “B“ 25 percent of the time. This is called probability matching, and it is the response pattern most adults tend to adopt in these circumstances. However,
34、 if the goal is to win the most prizes, it is not the best strategy. In fact, to maximize the number of correct predictions, you should always pick the more frequent outcome (or, in this case, always pick “A“). G. Interestingly, if you were playing this kind of guessing game with a kid, you would se
35、e that he would employ the maximization strategy almost immediately because they lack the cognitive flexibility that would allow them to alternate between A and B. Fortunately for them, in this guessing game scenario, maximization is the right choice. H. While it may not be immediately obvious what
36、this has to do with language learning, it just might have everything to do with it, because language relies on conventions. In order for language to work, speakers and listeners have to have the same idea about what things mean, and they have to use words in similar ways. This is where children come
37、 in. Young children, as it turns out, act like finely tuned antennas (天线), picking up the dominant frequency in their surroundings and ignoring the static. Because of thisbecause children tend to pick up on what is common and consistent, while ignoring what is variable and unreliablethey end up homi
38、ng in on and reproducing only the most frequent patterns in what they hear. In doing so they fail to learn many of the subtleties and characteristics present in adult speech (they will come to learn or invent those later). However, this one-track learning style means that what they do learn is highl
39、y conventionalized. I. The superiority of children“s convention learning has been revealed in a series of ingenious studies by psychologists Carla Hudson-Kam and Elissa Newport, who tested how children and adults react to variable and inconsistent input when learning an artificial language. Striking
40、ly, HudsonKam and Newport found that while children tended to ignore “noise“ in the input, systematizing any variations they were exposed to, adults did just the opposite, and reproduced the variability they encountered. Children“s inability to filter their learning allows them to impose order on va
41、riable, inconsistent input, and this appears to play a crucial part in the establishment of stable linguistic norms. Studies of deaf children have shown that even when parental attempt sat sign are error-prone and inconsistent, children still extract the conventions of a standard sign language from
42、them. Indeed, the variable patterns produced by parents who learn sign language offers insight into what might happen if children did not maximize in learning: language, as a system, would become less conventional. What words meant and the patterns in which they were used would become more unstable,
43、 and all languages would begin to resemble pidgins (混杂语言). J. While no language is completely stable, there is a balance to be struck between an individual“s expressivity and the conventions that underpin it, and children clearly play an important role in maintaining this balance. Children may learn
44、 the established characteristics of their community, but they do so only because these forms are stable in their input. They are unlikely to adopt highly unusual or characteristic forms or sequences that they“ve heard only rarely, and when they themselves make errors, they are similarly unlikely to
45、incorporate these errors into their language use over the long run. K. Individual societies are built upon these kinds of cultural and linguistic conventions, and a vast array of them. As social animals, human babies must somehow master not just “culture and language,“ but the specifics of their cul
46、ture, and their language. Explaining how babies manage to learn all of this information is a formidable task. The research reviewed here reveals one advantage that nature may have conferred on human infants: when it comes to conventionlearning, children“ sinability to think unconventionallyor flexib
47、ly may be of huge benefit. Indeed, a number of neurological studies suggest that children who often exhibit marked language delays and characteristic language development experience a massive overgrowth of the prefrontal cortex over the first two years of life.（分数：71.00）(1).In terms of language lear
48、ning, children are more likely to focus on the most frequent expressions they hear.（分数：7.10）(2).Human babies are compared to the tortoise in Aesop“s fable because they share a similar process in their respective races.（分数：7.10）(3).According to Carla Hudson-Kam and Elissa Newport, when learning an ar
49、tificial language, children and adults react differently to variable and inconsistent input.（分数：7.10）(4).A recent article in Current Directions in Psychological Science shows that helplessness enables human babies to develop better than other animals.（分数：7.10）(5).studies of deaf children have shown children can still learn the conventions of a sign language even if the signs used by their parents are error-prone and inconsistent.（分数：7.10）(6).The function and maturity of prefrontal cortex (PFC) can
