1、大学四级-1079 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.有人建议将春节假期延长至正月十五；2也有人提出反对意见；3我的看法。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Hate Your Job? Heres How to Reshape ItOnce upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers i
2、s trumpeting a third option: shape your job so its more fruitful than futile.“We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list of responsibilities,“ says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management. “But what if you set aside that mi
3、nd-set?“ If you could adjust what you do, she says, “who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work with?“To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. They
4、re working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. The idea is to make all jobseven mundane (平凡的) onesmore meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but significant workplace adjustments.Step 1: Rethink
5、Your JobCreatively“The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do,“ says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically. You first analyze how much time, energy and attention you devo
6、te to your various tasks. Then you reflect on that allocation(分配). See 10 perfect jobs for the recessionand after.Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burts Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasnt part of his job description. To
7、 alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firms manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work.Barbara Fre
8、drickson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says its crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions. “Doing so,“ she says, “will help you discover which aspects of your work are most life-giving-and most life- now Br
9、itish and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the (48) sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also (49) the user to “label“ items so that information c
10、an be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain (50) by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a (51) label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in (52) plants by mechanics looking to identify machine par
11、ts or by electricians wiring a (53) device.A spokesman for the project said: “A car mechanic for (54) could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could (55) accident black spots or dangers on the road.“In other
12、cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, 56 points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified. A allowI use B instanceJ complicated C blank K white D industrial L annoying E frustrating M successful F items N articles G indicating O
13、 simple H highlight（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：2，分数：90.00)Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Youre busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Lets assume you once actually completed a co
14、up e of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? Mort and more people are turning to utter deception
15、 like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university.R
16、egistrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directl
17、y. One lvy League school calls them “impostors (骗子)“; another refers to them as “special cases“. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people“. To avoid outright(彻底的) lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended“
18、 or “were associated with“ a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending“ means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with“ a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One
19、 school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the centurythats when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma.One company, with offices in New Yo
20、rk and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of none:istent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University“. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue“. As there is no Smoot State and the real
21、school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.（分数：45.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is that_.（分数：9.00）A.employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB.lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC.college degre
22、es can now be purchased easilyD.employers are no longer interested in college degrees(2).According to the passage, “special cases“ refers to cases that_.（分数：9.00）A.students attend a school only part-timeB.students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC.students purchase false degr
23、ees from commercial firmsD.students attended a famous school(3).We can infer from the passage that_.（分数：9.00）A.performance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB.experience is the best teacherC.past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD.a degree from a famous
24、 school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition(4).This passage implies that_.（分数：9.00）A.buying a false degree is not moralB.personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC.most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD.society
25、 should be greatly responsible for lying on applications(5).“lhe word “phony“ (Line 10, Para. 2) means_.（分数：9.00）A.thoroughB.ultimateC.falseD.decisiveQuest ions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, usedWhat a culture produces. Examin,ng
26、 a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Sunilarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves th
27、e actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in a
28、rt. Through the study of instrunents, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instr
29、uments in the symphony or chestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few cent
30、uries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music c
31、ulture as a whole.One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic mediaIradio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of th
32、e “inf6rmation revolution“, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.（分数：45.00）(1).Research into the material culture of a nation
33、is of great importance because_.（分数：9.00）A.it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyB.it can reflect the development of the nationC.it helps understand the nations past and presentD.it can demonstrate the nations civilization(2).It can be learned from this passage that_.（分数：9.00）A.the exist
34、ence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB.Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestraC.the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western musicD.the musical instruments i
35、n the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music(3).According to the author, music notation is important because_.（分数：9.00）A.it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read itB.it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk mu
36、siciansC.it is the printed version of standardized folk musicD.it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs(4).It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music_.（分数：9.00）A.has brought about an information revolutionB.has speeded u
37、p the appearance of a new generation of computersC.has given rise to new forms of music cultureD.has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments(5).Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?（分数：9.00）A.Musical instruments developed through the years will soo
38、ner or later be replaced by computers.B.Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.C.Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D.The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.十、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Today, mos
39、t countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel (67) the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other (68) of transport. These (69) make it possible for boats to travel (70) ports along the coast w
40、ithout being (71) to the dangers of the open. Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their (72) a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not (73) on the coast; still other canals (74) lands where there is too much water, h
41、elp to (75) fields where there is not enough water, and (76) water power for factorier and mills. The size of a canal (77) on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to (78) each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about
42、 two feet of water (79) the keel of the largest boat using the canal. When the planet Mars was first (80) through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was crises-crossed by a (81) of strange blue green lines. These were called “canals“ (82) they looked the same as canals on eart
43、h (83) are viewed from an airplane. However, scientists are now (84) that the Martian phenomena are really not canals. The photographs (85) from space-ships have helped us to (86) the truth about the Martian “canals“.（分数：70.00）A.offB.withC.toD.byA.wayB.meansC.methodD.approachA.waterwaysB.waterfronts
44、C.channelsD.pathsA.amongB.betweenC.inD.toA.revealedB.exposedC.openedD.shownA.tripB.journeyC.voyageD.routeA.lainB.stationedC.setD.locatedA.escapeB.drainC.dryD.leakA.waterB.wetC.soakD.irrigateA.furnishB.affordC.offerD.giveA.focusesB.basesC.dependsD.takesA.crossB.passC.moveD.advanceA.downB.belowC.benea
45、thD.offA.studiedB.researchedC.surveyedD.observedA.plentyB.numberC.dealD.supplyA.althoughB.becauseC.soD.ifA.thatB.whereC.whenD.asA.exactB.definiteC.certainD.decisiveA.heldB.takenC.gotD.developedA.findB.exposeC.uncoverD.discover十一、Part Translation(总题数：5，分数：35.00)5.87 It is time the whole society began
46、 to take action to 1. (使我们的环境免于毁灭)（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_6.If we had set out earlier， 1(我们就不会在雨中行走)（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_7.When this semester is over， 1(我就能抽空读这部小说了)（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_8. 1(在我设计出这个问题的解决方案后)，Ill submit a report to the committee（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_9. 1(我已得出结论)that it would be unwise to accep this proposal
47、（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_大学四级-1079 答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.有人建议将春节假期延长至正月十五；2也有人提出反对意见；3我的看法。（分数：106.00）_正确答案：(Some people are of the opinion that the Spring Festival holiday should last until the Lantern Festival，a total of 15 daysThey point out that a longer holiday would
48、 make it possible for more people to retum to their hometowns to celebrate the festival with their familiesIn addition，in a time when many young people are tuming to Western holidays，we should be emphasizing our Chinese traditions to strengthen our cultural ties with each otherOthers think that there is no need to extend the holidayT
