1、大学四级-1291 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前大学生网络首先问题日益严重 2这种问题带来的危害 3如何加强学生的网络道德教育（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Why Minority Students Dont Graduate from CollegeBarry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoins efforts to r
2、ecruit minority students. Since 2003 the school has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students (blacks, Latinos (南美洲人), and Native Americans, about 30 percent of the U.S. population) in entering freshman classes from 8 percent to 13 percent. But Bowdoin has not done quit
3、e as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While nine out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only seven out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes. The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation.
4、 Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25-to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55-to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years
5、ago. Studies show that more and more poor and nonwhite students are eager to graduate from college-but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority popu
6、lation grows in the United States, low college-graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity. The problem is noticeable at public universities. In 2007, the University of Wisconsin-Madison-one of the top five or so “public Ivies“-graduated 81 percent of its white students within six years,
7、 but only 56 percent of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally-but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their deg
8、rees, only 15 percent of African-Americans did so as well. Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point dif
9、ference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. “Higher education has been able to get around this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student,“ says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. “If they fail, it
10、s their fault.“ Some critics blame affirmative action-students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at top schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are “undermatched“: they could get
11、into better, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill-knowing full well that the students wont make it. “C
12、olleges know that a lot of kids they take will end up in remedial classes, for which theyll get no college credit and then theyll be dismissed,“ says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust. “The school gets to keep the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a be
13、tter job. Colleges are not holding up their end.“ A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. University administrators insist that most of those bikes are matched by increased scholarship grants or loans, but the r
14、ecession has decreased private endowments(捐助) and cut into state spending on higher education. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university equaled 28 percent of median family income, while a four-year private university cost 76 percent of median family income. More and more schol
15、arships are based on scores, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they end up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out. There once was a time when universities took an unreasonable pride in their drop-out rates. Professors wo
16、uld begin the year by saying, “Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year.“ But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been r
17、oughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the faster pace of a university classroom, and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. State and federal g
18、overnments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them a head start on college-level courses. The newer trend
19、 is to start recruiting poor and nonwhite students as early as the seventh grade, using new tools like hip-hop competitions to identify kids with sophisticated verbal(语言的) means. Such programs can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and gran
20、ts for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support. With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Virginia. Its student body is less than 5 percent black and less than 2 percent Latino. While the school usually graduat
21、ed about 90 percent of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63 percent by 2007. “We went through a dramatic shift,“ says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (师徒制) of minorities by other students and “partne
22、ring“ with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to
23、graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.（分数：70.00）(1).What was Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, proud of?（分数：7.00）A.The Colleges high enrollment rate of white students.B.The Colleges high enrollment rate of minority students.C.The Colleges high graduation rate of white students.
24、D.The Colleges high graduation rate of minority students.(2).Since Americans rank in graduation rate dropped dramatically, _.（分数：7.00）A.more poor and non-white students cannot enter collegeB.the enrollment rate of white students may increaseC.the young may be less well educated than their fathersD.m
25、ore money and effort will be put on higher education(3).In the University of Wisconsin-Madison, whats the graduation rate of its blacks in 2007?（分数：7.00）A.81%.B.56%.C.15%.D.25%.(4).Private colleges and universities have higher graduation rates for minorities partly because _.（分数：7.00）A.their classes
26、 are usually larger than public IviesB.they offer more scholarships to minority studentsC.the minority students they enroll are generally betterD.they pay more attention to students individual need(5).The students that are sent to “undermatched“ colleges _.（分数：7.00）A.tend to have a higher graduation
27、 rateB.dont receive enough help from schoolsC.pay lower tuitions than their peersD.learn practical ability to get a better job(6).Whats the recessions impact on higher education?（分数：7.00）A.Universities receive fewer contributions from individuals.B.Tuitions have been rising twice the rate of inflati
28、on.C.The scholarship grants or loans increase to match the hike.D.More and more scholarships are based on need rather than scores.(7).How has the University of Wisconsin-Madison managed to narrow the graduation gap?（分数：7.00）A.It has poured resources to provide financial help to minority students.B.I
29、t has organized programs to help students adapt the pace of class pattern.C.It has arranged to bring minority students onto campus before freshman year.D.It has given chances to less qualified students to enter university.(8).Before the minorities enter university, Princeton and MIT arrange them to
30、take part in_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Washington and Lee worked together with parents as_to help minorities at a special pre-enrollment session.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).More attention should be paid to increase the graduation rate of minorities in order to_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00
31、)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.He enjoys reading letters.B.He has been job-hunting.C.He is offering a job.D.He is working for a factory.A.She envies Sams relationship with his mother.B.She gets along extremely well with her son.C.She doesnt know Sam or his mother.D.Her son is the same age as Sam.A.I
32、t is too expensive and the dining room is below expectation.B.The dining room is OK but the living room is too small.C.The living room should be a little bigger.D.The dining room should be a little smaller.A.She thinks shes very organized.B.She doesnt want to join the display.C.She doesnt think she
33、should lead the study group.D.She knows someone who can lead the study group.A.She ought to buy her own copy machine.B.She needs to buy a package of paper.C.She has already used enough paper.D.She should have someone copy for her.A.They both enjoyed watching the game together.B.They both felt good a
34、bout the results of the game.C.People were surprised at their winning the game.D.The results were beyond the womans expectation.A.A check account.B.A loan from the bank.C.An insurance claim.D.An income tax return.A.She holds the same view with the man.B.The man missed the last study session.C.She di
35、dnt understand the last chemistry class.D.The man should be more serious about his studies.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).Why does the woman say the man has led a dangerous life?（分数：7.00）A.He often goes on exploring expeditions.B.He is a racing dri
36、ver for many years.C.He likes to join in extreme sports.D.He often drives fast during the night.(2).According to the man，when was his worst accident?（分数：7.00）A.During the British Grand Prix.B.During the Mexican Grand Prix.C.On his way to the studio.D.During his last race.(3).What happened during the
37、 Mexican Grand Prix?（分数：7.00）A.Several drivers were killed in the accident.B.There was a multiple motor vehicle collision.C.His car ran into the car in front of him.D.His car was damaged but he wasnt hurt.(4).What frightening experience did the man have on his way to the studio?（分数：7.00）A.There were
38、 too many cars.B.He saw a traffic accident.C.He hit a car in front of him.D.His car suddenly flamed out.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).What kind of hobbies does the woman like best?（分数：7.00）A.Outdoor hobbies.B.Indoor hobbies.C.Money-saving hobbies.
39、D.Time-consuming hobbies.(2).What do we know about the womans learning knitting?（分数：7.00）A.She learned it when she was a small child.B.She started it when she was a student.C.She didnt learn it until she left school.D.She started it after she was married.(3).How did the woman learn to do most of the
40、 handy things in her hobbies?（分数：7.00）A.By attending special courses.B.With the help of her friends.C.By reading books on hobbies.D.Under the guidance of her mother.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage One（分数：21.00）(1).What does the speaker say about television signals?（分数：7.00）A.They travel faster ne
41、ar the TV station.B.They can work better than ever before.C.They usually follow the curve of the earth.D.They travel in straight lines in all directions(2).What should people do if they used the cable?（分数：7.00）A.Pay a monthly charge.B.Pay a yearly charge.C.Pay a daily charge.D.Pay an hourly charge.(
42、3).What happens after cable television has moved into cities?（分数：7.00）A.All classrooms use cable television.B.City people can see extra programs.C.The charge of cable is much lowered.D.TV signals can be received more easily.Passage Two（分数：21.00）(1).What does the speaker say about Colonel Harland San
43、ders when he retired?（分数：7.00）A.He had no pension.B.He had a great car.C.He was right at the age of 56.D.He owned a recipe for chicken.(2).What was Colonel Harland Sanders first plan?（分数：7.00）A.Ask his friends to sell Fried Chicken.B.Work as a cook in a famous restaurant.C.Sell his chicken recipe to
44、 restaurant owners.D.Study hard to work out a chicken recipe.(3).How many sales calls did Colonel Harland Sanders make before he heard a “Yes“?（分数：7.00）A.65.B.105.C.1008.D.1009.Passage Three（分数：28.00）(1).What do Americans often think of when thinking of freedom?（分数：7.00）A.Collectivism.B.Equality.C.S
45、ocial group.D.Individualism.(2).According to the speaker,what does equality refer to for American people?（分数：7.00）A.Equal rights and equal freedom.B.Equal worth and equal opportunity.C.Equal opportunity and equal pay.D.Equal worth and equal status.(3).What does the American culture teach people?（分数：
46、7.00）A.Protesting their unequal treatment.B.Enduring all the hardships willingly.C.Fulfilling their dreams through hard work.D.Learning how to get freedom and equality.(4).What is mentioned as one of the problems associated with the American freedom?（分数：7.00）A.People can easily fight with each other
47、.B.Conflicts with others become inevitable.C.Americans are too concerned about their status.D.Ones freedom can conflict with others rights.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the (36) , both their knowledge and experience are (37
48、) . We feel that there are many disadvantages (缺点) in (38) pupils. It does not take into (39) the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! (40)
49、 , it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their (41) ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are (42) to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their (43) ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, (44) . In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: (45) .They also learn
