1、大学四级-1446 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.考试作弊屡禁不止2. 考试作弊的原因3. 解决办法（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Friend or Foe? Crows Never Forget a Face, It SeemsCrows and their relatives among them ravens, magpies and jays are renowned for their intelligence and for
2、 their ability to flourish in human-dominated landscapes. That ability may have to do with cross-species social skills. In the Seattle area, where rapid suburban growth has attracted a thriving crow population, researchers have found that the birds can recognize individual human faces.John M. Marzlu
3、ff, a wildlife biologist at the University of Washington, has studied crows and ravens for more than 20 years and has long wondered if the birds could identify individual researchers. Previously trapped birds seemed more wary of particular scientists, and often were harder to catch. “I thought, Well
4、, its an annoyance, but its not really hampering our work, “Dr. Marzluff said, “But then I thought we should test it directly.“To test the birds recognition of faces separately from that of clothing, gait and other individual human characteristics, Dr.Marzluff and two students wore rubber masks. He
5、designated a caveman mask as “dangerous“ and, in a deliberate gesture of civic generosity, a Dick Cheney mask as “neutral.“ Researchers in the dangerous mask then trapped and banded seven crows on the universitys campus in Seattle.In the months that followed, the researchers and volunteers donned th
6、e masks on campus, this time walking prescribed routes and not bothering crows.The crows had not forgotten. They scolded people in the dangerous mask significantly more than they did before they were trapped, even when the mask was disguised with a hat or worn upside down. The neutral mask provoked
7、little reaction. The effect has not only persisted, but also multiplied over the past two years. Wearing the dangerous mask on one recent walk through campus, Dr. Marzluff said, he was scolded by 47 of the 53 crows he encountered, many more than had experienced or witnessed the initial trapping. The
8、 researchers hypothesize that crows learn to recognize threatening humans from both parents and others in their flock.After their experiments on campus, Dr.Marzluff and his students tested the effect with more realistic masks. Using a half-dozen students as models, they enlisted a professional mask
9、maker, then wore the new masks while trapping crows at several sites in and around Seattle. The researchers then gave a mix of neutral and dangerous masks to volunteer observers who, unaware of the masks histories, wore them at the trapping sites and recorded the crows responses.The reaction to one
10、of the dangerous masks was “quite spectacular,“ said one volunteer, Bill Pochmerski, a retired telephone company manager who lives near Snohomish, Wash. “The birds were really raucous, screaming persistently,“ he said, “And it was clear they werent upset about something in general. They were upset w
11、ith me.“Again, crows were significantly more likely to scold observers who wore a dangerous mask, and when confronted simultaneously by observers in dangerous and neutral masks, the birds almost unerringly chose to persecute the dangerous face. In downtown Seattle, where most passersby ignore crows,
12、 angry birds nearly touched their human foes. In rural areas, where crows are more likely to be viewed as noisy “flying rats“ and shot, the birds expressed their displeasure from a distance.Though Dr.Marzluffs is the first formal study of human face recognition in wild birds, his preliminary finding
13、s confirm the suspicions of many other researchers who have observed similar abilities in crows, ravens, gulls and other species. The pioneering animal behaviorist Konrad Lorenz was so convinced of the perceptive capacities of crows and their relatives that he wore a devil costume when handling jack
14、daws. Stacia Backensto, a masters student at the University of Alaska Fairbanks who studies ravens in the oil fields on Alaskas North Slope, has assembled an elaborate costume including a fake beard and a potbelly made of pillows because she believes her face and body are familiar to previously capt
15、ured birds.Kevin J. McGowan, an ornithologist at the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology who has trapped and banded crows in upstate New York for 20 years, said he was regularly followed by birds who have benefited from his handouts of peanuts and harassed by others he has trapped in the past.Why crow
16、s and similar species are so closely attuned to humans is a matter of debate. Bernd Heinrich, a professor emeritus at the University of Vermont known for his books on raven behavior, suggested that crows apparent ability to distinguish among human faces is a “byproduct of their acuity,“ an outgrowth
17、 of their unusually keen ability to recognize one another, even after many months of separation.Dr. McGowan and Dr.Marzluff believe that this ability gives crows and their brethren an evolutionary edge. “If you can learn who to avoid and who to seek out, thats a lot easier than continually getting h
18、urt,“ Dr.Marzluff said, “I think it allows these animals to survive with us and take advantage of us in a much safer, more effective way./（分数：70.00）(1).With the rapid development of its suburb, a growing number of crows have been attracted to the Seattle area.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).In the test carried
19、out by Dr.Marzluff and two students, those in neutral mask trapped and banded seven crows on the university campus.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The effect of the people in dangerous mask being scolded has become less serious over the past two years.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).The birds were very friendly to Bill Poc
20、hmerski, one of the volunteer observers, because he wore a neutral mask.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).In downtown Seattle, people ignore crows because they dont like this kind of bird.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Dr.Marzluff is the first scientist to carry out the formal study of human recognition in wild birds.（分数：7.
21、00）填空项 1:_(7).Stacia Backensto has wore an intricate costume in order not to be recognized by the previously captured birds.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Konrad Lorenz was convinced of the perceptive capacities of crows, so he wore a devil costume when he _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Kevin J. McGoman, t
22、he birds that he has trapped in the past harassed him, while those that have benefited from his handouts of peanuts _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Dr. McGoman and Dr.Marzluff claim that the ability to recognize faces gives crows and their relatives _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Sect
23、ion A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.He takes things very seriously.B.He knows the woman well.C.He doesnt have good hearing.D.He doesnt pay attention to peoples words.A.Rub his boots.B.Wear his boots.C.Buy a pair of boots.D.Bring some books.A.The bike is expensive.B.The tires are good but nothing else.C.The bike
24、 is broken.D.The bike is worthwhile.A.He received a shirt but it was the wrong size.B.He didnt receive the watch he wanted for Christmas.C.He received a watch that was the wrong size.D.He wanted a shirt but received a watch.A.Sarah hided the jam in the cabinet.B.The man will leap if he checks the ca
25、binet.C.Sarah shouldnt have been home at the moment.D.The man shouldnt jump to conclusion so quickly.A.Ask the professor in her office.B.Answer the question for the man.C.Ask the professor when she will be available.D.Ask the professor to contact the man.A.He agrees with the woman about the weather.
26、B.He disagrees with the woman about the weather.C.He didnt hear clearly what the woman said and had to judge by her looks.D.He asked the woman to repeat.A.96 dollars.B.36 dollars.C.60 dollars.D.48 dollars.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.There was a tr
27、affic accident.B.A car was smashed by a falling object.C.A car hit someone near the high building.D.A driver was killed in his new car.A.The woman never reads newspaper.B.The man is always proud of his car.C.The woman had her new car damaged.D.The man had his old car insured.A.He had his car hit by
28、a falling piece of concrete.B.He was fined for speeding in South Street.C.He had been unable to park his specially-made car.D.He could not claim anything from the insurance company.A.He was annoyed.B.He was pleased.C.He felt it could be replaced.D.He did not care.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the
29、conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.What kind of medicine to develop.B.When to advertise the drugs.C.How to promote their products.D.The regulations of medicine advertising.A.To launch a campaign on all the specialist medical journals.B.To offer to return the purchase price if the customers
30、 are not satisfied.C.To advertise on the papers with doctors recommendation.D.To advertise through television commercials.A.She is a medical expert.B.She knows nothing about the regulations of medicine advertisement.C.She will have to think of new ideas.D.The man appreciates her work very much.五、Sec
31、tion B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Because the UN wanted to increase the water use in the world.B.Because the UN wanted to attract peoples attention to the water problems.C.Because the UN estimated that fresh water would be us
32、ed up by 2025.D.Because the UN estimated that the environment might be damaged within a few years.A.More than 70 million.B.More than 1,000 million.C.More than 2,000 million.D.More than 6,000 million.A.To reduce half of the number of people who lack safe drinking water by 2015.B.To maintain sustainab
33、le development of South Africa till 2015.C.To release a report on water development and water problems in the world.D.To arouse political desire to meet future water demands.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To improve the intelligence level of th
34、e nation.B.To improve the English language teaching in American schools.C.To improve the foreign language teaching in American schools.D.To improve the cooperation of the department of Education and Defense.A.Because children may use less money in foreign language learning.B.Because children may ser
35、ve in the government in the future.C.Because children may speak a foreign language better than adults.D.Because children may learn a foreign language more easily than adults.A.Sending more American students to other countries to study their language.B.Hiring more foreign language teaching assistants
36、 in American schools.C.Starting earlier foreign language teaching in American elementary schools.D.Investing more money in studying, the teaching methods of foreign languages.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.American economy.B.American agricult
37、ure.C.American industry.D.American GDP.A.0.7 percent.B.0.9 percent.C.20 percent.D.80 percent.A.Because of the application of new technology and methods.B.Because of the decrease of government payments.C.Because of the increase in agriculture export.D.Because of Canadas dependence on agricultural imp
38、ort.A.Canada, Japan and Mexico.B.Canada, Mexico and the European Union.C.Japan, the European Union and Asia.D.Japan, Latin America and Asia.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Okay. You remember that Ive mentioned that its important to read the (36) poems aloud, so you can develop an appreciation of the soun
39、ds of the poetry: the rhymes, the (37) , the repetition of words or sounds, and to get a sense of the interplay between the sounds of the words and their meaning.This is really (38) as we move into modern poetry, especially by writers who place so much importance on sounds that the meaning becomes a
40、ll letter-relevant. Like this line by Gertrude Stein that Id like to (39) . Listen as I say the words. “Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose. “ (40) literally, this would seem to be an empty statement, one which gives us no information. But the purpose of a poem need not be to inform the reader of any
41、thing, but rather to evoke feelings. To create a sensual as well as phonically (41) experience. Now Gertrude Stein was better known for her prose than for her poems. But Id like to quote this line, because of its musicality, and because I think it helps open up our (42) to the unconventional style o
42、f (43) poets. Youll see this in your homework tonight as you read the poetry of John Ashbery, (44) , which I recommend you do. Poets like Ashbery dont rely so much on any formal rhyme scheme or meter as on the musical quality of the individual words themselves. As I said, (45) And now Id like to tou
43、ch briefly on her essay entitled “Convention and Explanation“. (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Vegetarianism is the theory
44、or practice of living solely upon vegetables, fruits, grains, and nutswith or without the (47) of milk products and eggs generally for ethical, environmental or (48) reasons. All forms of flesh (meat, fowl, and seafood) are (49) from all vegetarian diets, but many vegetarians use milk and milk produ
45、cts.In the early 21st century, vegetarianism has become decidedly mainstream. The number of vegetarians is difficult to determine, but a 2006 (50) of 1,000 U.S. adults by the Vegetarian Resource Group found that 6.7 percent of respondents never ate meat, and 1.4 percent of those were vegan. A Britis
46、h survey the same year found that 12 percent of respondents called themselves “vegetarian“. Many of today vegetarians came to the practice because they (51) with sentiments about the immorality of eating animals who suffered to become someones dinner. Others are (52) concerned about health; many stu
47、dies have demonstrated the health (53) of vegetarian and vegan diets, particularly in the prevention and (54) of heart disease and in the lesser incidence of some form of cancer.In later century the history of vegetarianism diverged significantly. In Indian itself, though Buddhism gradually (55) , t
48、he ideal of harmlessness, with its corollary of fleshless diet, spread steadily in the 1st millennium AD until many of the upper classes and even some of the lower, had (56) it. Beyond Indian it was carried with Buddhism, northward and eastward as far as China and Japan. A) adopted B) hazards C) nutritional D) poll E) support F) agree G) primarily H) reversal I) include
