1、大学四级-1515 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.青少年犯罪成为社会焦点，父母应该负责；2父母应该负责的原因。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Robot Cars to Do Battle in Desert RaceWhen 15 competitors lined up in Nevada last year for the U.S. Defense Departments first million-dollar robot race,
2、 hopes were high. The challenge: to drive a vehicle without a human driver or remote control some 150 miles (241 kilometers) through the Mojave Desert.But those hopes quickly went up in a cloud of dust as most robots barely managed to get off the starting line. The best performer, a modified Humvee
3、built by engineers at Pennsylvanias Carnegie Mellon University, traveled 7 miles (11 kilometers) before breaking down.To robot devotees (热爱者), however, it was a minor hiccup.No surprise, then, that 43 teams showed up to try out for this years race, dubbed (被称作) the Grand Challenge. For the past week
4、, teams ranging from garage enthusiasts to well-funded university engineers have been fine-tuning their machines at qualifying rounds here at the California Speedway in Fontana, California. (Watch the robots in action in our exclusive video.)Twenty-three finalists were announced Thursday for Saturda
5、ys Grand Challenge. The 175-mile (282-kilometer) course starts and finishes in Primm, Nevada.The race promises to be even tougher than last years run. But 18 months is an eternity in the robotics world, and the technology has vastly improved.Organizers believe several teams have a real shot of finis
6、hing the race in less than ten hours to earn the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.“When the first team out of the Chute (斜道)-Mojavaton, a small team out of Colorado-made it successfully around the 2.2-mile (3.5-kilometer) qualification course, I knew right there and then that we had something
7、 special,“ said Ron Kurjanowicz, the chief of staff for the Pentagons Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which is sponsoring the race.Unknown CourseThe aim of the Grand Challenge, Defense Department! officials say, is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles that can operate
8、 in dangerous environments, such as war zones, keeping soldiers out of harms way.A U.S. Congress mandate (训令) requires that one-third of military ground vehicles drive themselves by 2015, but the technology to meet that mandate does not yet exist.So the government looked to enterprising teams to dev
9、elop the technology for driverless vehicles, sweetening its offer with the two-million-dollar purse.None of the 23 teams knows what lies ahead for this years race. DARPA wont reveal the exact route until two hours before the start of the race on Saturday.But the obstacles on the Fontana qualificatio
10、n course-including a steel-enforced tunnel that wipes out a vehicles global positioning system-are made to resemble the rugged, real-life conditions that the vehicles will have to navigate.The vehicles use sensors such as lasers, cameras, and radar to help them avoid obstacles such as rocks and clif
11、fs. The computers brain has to figure out how to resolve unexpected conflicts, like a boulder sitting in the middle of the road.“Think about all the decisions that you and I have to make when we drive from our house to the store,“ Kurjanowicz said. “These vehicles have to do the same thing, without
12、a driver.“Among the top contenders in Saturdays race is TerraMax, a massive truck originally built by the Wisconsin-based Oshkosh Truck Corporation for the U.S. Marine Corps.In last years race, TerraMax managed to go only 1.2 miles (2 kilometers). Team leader Gary Schmiedel expects to do much better
13、 this year. He pointed to the new all-wheel steering feature on the truck as an important addition.“We can move this large, 15-ton (13.5-metric ton) payload vehicle in a turn thats equivalent to that of a Humvee,“ he said.GhostriderThe resources of teams like TerraMax or Carnegie Mellon University,
14、which has two vehicles in the race this year, are a far cry from those of some of the other competitors, including inventors, electricians, and even a high school team.One entry, from a Southern California team of engineers, racers, and hot-rodders, is called It Came From the Garage. It has a beer k
15、eg (小桶) stuck on the back and an on-offswitch that says “brain.“Most of the schools and organizations were up against are just accessorizing conventional vehicles,“ said team leader Chris “C.J.“ Pedersen, a former actor. “Our vehicle is a custom-built, 21st-century hot plete with hood scoop and exha
16、ust coming off the side.“Anthony Levandowski, a robotics builder from Berkeley, California, is back with Ghostrider, the only motorcycle robot in the qualifications. Studded with sensors and computers, it toppled (翻倒) over after 3 feet (1 meter) in last years race.Levandowski, who had to postpone hi
17、s graduate studies when he couldnt find a faculty advisor who believed it would be possible to build the motorcycle robot, says his vehicle has some distinct advantages.“Were smaller and go a lot more places,“ he said while tinkering with the robot before another trial run. “Were also a lot less exp
18、ensive. This bike costs as much as a tire or a wheel of some of these other guys machines.“Smart MoneyNeither Ghostrider nor It Came From the Garage made the final cut at this weeks qualifying races.However, another crowd-pleaser, Cajunbot-or the Ragin Cajun-a converted all-terrain vehicle developed
19、 by a team from the University of Louisiana in Lafayette, did.The smart money in Saturdays race may be on Stanley, a converted Volkswagen Touareg made by a team at Californias Stanford University. It was the only vehicle that didnt hit an obstacle in the trial runs.Even if none of the vehicles finis
20、hes the race this year, DARPAs Kurjanowicz said, the event has succeeded in galvanizing robotics developers and pushing the creation of new technologies.“The beauty of the Grand Challenge is that it doesnt tell people how to solve the problem,“ he said. “The community has come up with its own elegan
21、t solutions./（分数：70.00）(1).The passage mainly describes the advantages and disadvantages of robot car races.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Last years robot race in Nevada was a great success.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).It is a surprise that up to 43 teams came for this years race called the Grand Challenge.（分数：7.00）填空
22、项 1:_(4).The Pentagons Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is sponsoring the race.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).The aim of the Grand Challenge is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Ghostrider and It Came From the Garage both made the final cut at this weeks qua
23、lifying races.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).TerraMax will finish the race and win the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).The obstacles on the Fontana qualification course are made to resemble the _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The only motorcycle robot in the qualifications is _ .（分数：7.00）填空项
24、 1:_(10).The only vehicle that didnt hit an obstacle in the trial runs is _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Hell be speaking at the end of the meeting.B.He was supposed to
25、 speak last night instead.C.He suddenly decided not to speak.D.He already spoke very briefly tonight.A.Its too high.B.Its acceptable.C.Its cheap indeed.D.The woman should have bargained for it.A.At two oclock.B.At three oclock.C.At four oclock.D.At five oclock.A.Shop assistant and customer.B.Post cl
26、erk and customer.C.Store keeper and customer.D.Waitress and customer.A.His girlfriend complained of his going to the party without her.B.He was together with his girlfriend yesterday.C.He has been busy dating his girlfriend these days.D.He brought his girlfriend to the party.A.She regretted having b
27、ought the second-hand car.B.It is unnecessary to rent another house.C.They should sell their second-hand car and buy a new one.D.They can afford a second-hand car.A.She loves the film too.B.She doesnt think much of the film.C.She asks the man to repeat his words.D.Ifs not as good as she expected.A.G
28、o out with his wife.B.Work for extra hours.C.Stay at home with his wife.D.Go out with his boss.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Its hereditary.B.The shampoo he used caused itC.He combs his hair too much.D.He is old enough to lose hair.A.Use some specia
29、l shampoo.B.Wear a wig.C.Dont try to comb hair over the bald or thin patch.D.Go to the doctor for advice.A.Over the radio.B.At a doctors office.C.At the mans house.D.At a drug store.A.It suits him.B.It looks ridiculous.C.It looks old.D.Its getting worse.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversati
30、on you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Once a week.B.Three every month.C.Five every month.D.Two every month.A.When there are more than twelve people.B.When there are five people.C.When there are fifteen people.D.When there are more than fifteen people.A.Call the office.B.Sign your name on the notice boa
31、rd in advance.C.Pay the money.D.There is no need to reserve a place.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Because it isnt closed.B.Because the students have to pass all examinations before entering it.C.Because there is no e
32、xamination before they are accepted as students.D.Because its door is open.A.At the airport.B.By plane.C.Taking the air.D.On radio and TV.A.Four.B.Eight.C.Three.D.Five.A.In four or five years.B.In one year.C.In three or four years.D.In 36 weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage
33、you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.A new way to take notes.B.A short name for survey reading method.C.The five steps in the reading process.D.Different ways to study for examinations.A.That one should think about the ideas while reading the words.B.That one should always take notes.C.That one should re
34、ad only the title and important words.D.That one should read sequences of words.A.Read.B.Recite.C.Review.D.Reread.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Vacations.B.Wages.C.Overcrowded classrooms.D.Paid sick leaves.A.They want the teachers to resign.
35、B.They want the teachers to return to work.C.They are very sympathetic toward the strike.D.They are refusing to comment on the situation.A.Parent Board.B.District Court.C.Teachers Union.D.School Committee.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)There are 17 kinds of penguins in the world. All of them live in the
36、 southern (36) . Only a few (37) live on the continent of Antarctica at the bottom of the world. The emperor penguins are the largest. They are about 100 (38) tall and weigh about 30 kilograms. Their special (39) of mating makes them different from all other penguins.For thousands of years the emper
37、or penguins have lived on the (40) continent of Antarctica. These black and white birds live in large groups or colonies. There are about 40 emperor penguin colonies on Antarctica. In total there are about 400,000 birds.These birds spend the summer swimming in the ocean in (41) of food such as fish
38、and (42) . Penguins are not able to fly, but they are (43) swimmers. (44) . But when summer ends, so does this easy time spent by the water. (45) .(46) . They must find an area with some shelter from the freezing winds.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
39、空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture. Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should
40、 only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional “roller coaster“ they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward th
41、e new culture, and the next moment very negative. It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate (犹豫不定) between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging.Fatigue is another pr
42、oblem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of a greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situations.The impact of culture shock can
43、 vary from person to person. There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.It is logical to think that when people are de
44、prived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keepsakes (纪念品) are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establis
45、h little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.（分数：90.00）(1).According to the 1st paragraph, experts have interests
46、 in _ .（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_(2).Emotional “roller coaster“ refers to _ .（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_(3).When entering a new culture, the problems people face are _ .（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_(4).Coping with new situations may result in _ .（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_(5).According to the author, the more effective way to solve “cultur
47、al shock“ is _ .（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：44.50)Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyles husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.Every day of the year, a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front d
