1、大学四级-154 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Competition. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1竞争使人们充满创造力，使人们更有效率；2竞争促使生产出更好的产品和提供更优质的服务；3竞争
2、促进了社会的进一步发展。（分数：106.50）_二、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：106.50)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the qu
3、estions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.（分数：35.50）(1). A. He had
4、 finished his work. B. He came back to surprise his wife. C. He came back for lunch. D. He came back to fetch some document.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2). A. At a library. B. In a bus. C. At the airport. D. At a post office.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Theres a paper by the door. B. The paper must have blown awa
5、y. C. He should look further under the desk. D. He can buy another one at the comer.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4). A. 11:25. B. 11:40. C. 11:46. D. 11:26.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(5). A. The rent is too high. B. He cant afford the high taxes. C. He doesnt want to live in the suburbs. D. Its too far away from his off
6、ice.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.30）(1). A. No. He has to finish his term paper. B. No. He doesnt like going to the club. C. Yes. Hell go after he finishes his term paper. D. Yes. Hell write his paper after he returns.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2). A. She lost her way. B. She lost her keys. C. She lost her car. D
7、. She lost her handbag.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Worried and frightened. B. Very relaxed. C. Quite unhappy. D. Angry with the professor.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.BQuestions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：28.40）(1). A. In a classroom. B. In a snack bar. C. In the dormitory. D.
8、 In a camera shop.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The mans brother. B. The mans roommate. C. A neighbor. D. A photographer.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Hes noisy. B. Hes messy. C. He doesnt tell the truth. D. He doesnt close the door.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4). A. He worked for a radio station. B. He lived in a dorm
9、itory. C. He took a long trip. D. He visited the mans family.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.BQuestions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：21.30）(1). A. One of his classes finished early. B. He wanted to get some studying done. C. The library had a special display on the Industrial R
10、evolution. D. His books were ten days overdue.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Checked them out. B. Took notes on them. C. Returned them to the shelves. D. Put them in his book-bag.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3). A. They are marked with colored labels. B. They are specially coded. C. They are checked out. D. They are
11、 inspected by the guard.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.四、BSection B/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：21.30)BQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard./B （分数：21.30）(1). A. To show off their wealth. B. To feel good. C. To regain their memory. D. To be different from others.（分数：7.10）A.
12、B.C.D.(2). A. To help solve their psychological problems. B. To play games with them. C. To send them to the hospital. D. To make them aware of its harmfulness.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3). A. They need care and affection. B. They are fond of round-the-world trips. C. They are mostly from broken families. D
13、. They are likely to commit crimes.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：21.30)BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard./B （分数：21.30）(1). A. He lost consciousness. B. He was slightly wounded. C. He was seriously injured. D. He was buried under an icebox.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.
14、(2). A. About four days. B. Around eight days. C. A day and a half. D. More than six days.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3). A. His father pulled him out in time. B. He left the area before the earthquake. C. He stayed in an icebox. D. Their house escaped the earthquake.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.七、BPassage Three(总题数：1，分数
15、：28.40)BQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard./B （分数：28.40）(1). A. They want to change the way English is taught. B. They learn English to find well-paid jobs. C. They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English. D. They know clearly what they want to learn.（分数：7.10）A.B
16、.C.D.(2). A. Professionals. B. College students. C. Beginners. D. Intermediate earners.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Courses for doctors. B. Courses for businessmen. C. Courses for reporters. D. Courses for lawyers.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Three groups of learners. B. The importance of business English.
17、C. English for Specific Purposes. D. Features of English for different purposes.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.八、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the pas
18、sage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Coal has not been used very extensively as an energy source recently. However, it U U 1 /U /
19、Uwill become a very important source of energy in the future because of dwindling U U 2 /U /Uof natural gas and oil. Although coal U U 3 /U /Uto be black, it actually has black, yellow, orange, and red bands of color when it is examined under a powerful microscope. Coal probably was formed about 300
20、 million years ago by U U 4 /U /Utrees and other plant life growing in U U 5 /U /U. These trees and plants died and then fell into the water. They contained the elements oxygen, hydrogen, and U U 6 /U /U. As the earth changed its U U 7 /U /U, the weight of the ground U U 8 /U /Udown on the trees and
21、 plants. Thus seams of coal were formed.Coal can be U U 9 /U /Uunderground mines found deep in the earth or from strip mines which are found near the earths surface. Strip mining is quicker and safer than underground mining, but it can leave the surface of the earth bare and ugly. Although miners st
22、ill are needed in any coal mining operation, today heavy machinery does much of the hard work. While both underground and strip mines still can be hazardous, there no longer are as many accidents in coal mining as there once were. The coal miners of today U U 10 /U /Uthe union to which they belong t
23、he United Mine Workers of America. Many of todays coal miners are earning good wages in an occupation which is quite safe and very important. （分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、BPart Reading (总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、BSection A/B(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Directions: In th
24、is section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Yon are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corr
25、esponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Researchers have found that peoples mental abilities peak at 22 before beginning to deteriorate (恶化) just five years later. Professor Timothy Salthouse
26、said the results suggested that therapies U U 1 /U /Uto prevent or reverse age-related conditions may need to start earlier, tong before people become pensioners.Almost half of over 50s are “unaware of leading cause of blindness“. “Results converge on a U U 2 /U /Uthat some aspects of age-related co
27、gnitive U U 3 /U /Ubegin in healthy, educated adults when they are in their 20s and 30s,“ he said.The study of 2,000 men and women U U 4 /U /Uover seven years. The U U 5 /U /U, aged between 1860, were asked to solve visual puzzles, recall words and story details and spot patterns in letters and symb
28、ols. Similar tests are often used to U U 6 /U /Umental disabilities and declines, including dementia (痴呆).The research by the University of Virginia found that in nine out of 12 tests the average age at which the top performance was U U 7 /U /Uwas 22. The first age at which performance was U U 8 /U
29、/Ulower than the U U 9 /U /Uscores which was 27 for three tests of reasoning, speed of thought and spatial visualization. Memory was shown to decline from the average age of 37. In the other tests, poorer results were shown by the age of 42.However, the report published in the academic journal Neuro
30、biology Of Aging, found that abilities based on U U 10 /U /Uknowledge, such as performance on tests of vocabulary or general information, increased until at the age of 60.A. availableB. diagnoseC. achievedD. significantlyE. accumulatedF. declineG. respondentsH. lastedI. recipientsJ. conclusionK. par
31、ticularlyL. increaseM. designedN. treatO. peak（分数：35.50）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、BSection B/B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in o
32、ne of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Which Hand Did They Use?A. We all know that many more peop
33、le today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasma
34、nia. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by month, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downwarda
35、left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.B. Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon.
36、Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depict
37、ed holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.C. Clues to right-handedness can also be found by other methods. Right-handers tend to have longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as long ago as 1911 noted the La Chapel le-aux-Saints
38、Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left. Similar observations have been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.D. Fractures and other cut marks are another source of evidence. Right-handed soldiers tend to
39、be wounded on the left. The skeleton of a 40- or 50-year-old Nabatean warrior, buried 2,000 years ago in the Negev Desert, Israel, had multiple healed fractures to the skull, the left arm, and the ribs.E. Tools themselves can be revealing. Long-handed Neolithic spoons of yew wood preserved in Alpine
40、 villages dating to 3000 B.C. have survived; the signs of rubbing on their left side indicate that their users were right-handed. The late Ice Age rope found in the French cave of Lascaux consists of fibers spiraling to the right, and was therefore tressed by a right-hander.F. Occasionally one can d
41、etermine whether stone tools were used in the right hand or the left, and it is even possible to assess bow far back this feature can be traced. In stone toolmaking experiments, Nick Toth, a right-hander, held the core (the stone that would become the tool) in his left hand and the hammer stone in h
42、is right. As the tool was made, the core was rotated clockwise, and the flakes, removed in sequence, had a little crescent of cortex (the cores outer surface) on the side. Toths knapping produced 56 percent flakes with the cortex on the right, and 44 percent left-oriented flakes. A left-handed toolm
43、aker would produce the opposite pattern Toth has applied these criteria to the similarly made pebble tools from a number of early sites (before 1.5 million years) at Koobi Fora, Kenya, probably made by Homo habilis. At seven sites he found that 57 percent of the flakes were right-oriented, and 43 pe
44、rcent left, a pattern almost identical to that produced today.G. About 90 percent of modern humans are right-handed: we are the only mammal with a preferential use of one hand. The part of the brain responsible for fine control and movement is located in the left cerebral hemisphere, and the finding
45、s above suggest that the human brain was already asymmetrical in its structure and function not long after 2 million years ago. Among Neanderthalers of 70,000 -35, 000 years ago, Marcellin Boule noted that the La Chapelle-aux-Saints individual had a left hemisphere slightly bigger than the right, an
46、d the same was found for brains of specimens from Neanderthal, Gibraltar, and La Quina.H. The longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. The hemispheres exhibit strong, but not complete, bilateral symmetry in both structure and function. For example, structurally, the lateral sulcus generally is longer in the left hemisphere than in the fight hemisphere,
