1、大学四级-175 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on Reading books. You should write at least 12
2、0 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.00）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：49.00)Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.The infants.B.The teenagers.C.The middle-aged.D.The old.A.Heart diseases.B.Traffic accidents.C.Acute diseases.D.Chroni
3、c non-infectious diseases.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.A 17-year-old girl.B.A 15-year-old boy.C.A 23-year-old woman.D.An 18-year-old man.A.One month later.B.Two months later.C.Immediately.D.Two weeks later.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new
4、s item. （分数：21.00）A.They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while driving.B.They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent.C.They are annoyed because the bridge is jammed with cars.D.They are pleased because it saves them much time.A.They don“t have their own cars to drive
5、to work.B.Many of them are romantic by temperament.C.Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat.D.They tend to be more friendly to each other.A.Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board.B.Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.C.Some suggest improving the design of the deck.D.So
6、me object to using larger luxury boats.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Conversation One(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.Their plans for the next semester.B.Why the woman can“t go to the concert.C.Their favorite band.D.A psychology class.A.W
7、ork at the bookstore.B.Go to the movies.C.Cover a friend“s shift.D.Go to a concert.A.Because her textbook has a new edition now.B.Because her professor forced her to buy a new one.C.Because she has lost her textbook.D.Because she is not willing to use a used one.A.The woman never works on weekends.B
8、The man and the woman take the same courses.C.Matt would like to go to the concert too.D.The new psychology book might sell out.六、Conversation Two(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.Whether or not snowflakes can be analyzed.B.How snowfla
9、kes are formed.C.What causes a snowstorm.D.Where the largest snowflakes can be found.A.She has never seen snow before.B.She is conducting a research on snow.C.She wants to make artificial snow.D.She has just read about snowflakes.A.The shape of the dust particles in the air.B.The relative humidity.C
10、The temperature of the air.D.The geography of the area.A.Inspect snowflakes more carefully.B.Make a copy of the article.C.Write down more information.D.Draw diagrams of the different shapes.七、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：43.20)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have j
11、ust heard. （分数：43.20）A.To explain a new requirement for graduation.B.To interest students in a community service project.C.To discuss the problems of elementary school students.D.To recruit elementary school teachers for a special program.A.He advises students participating in a special program.B.He
12、 teaches part-time in an elementary school.C.He observes elementary school students in the classroom.D.He helps students prepare their resumes.A.Contact the elementary school.B.Sign up for a special class.C.Submit a resume to the dean.D.Talk to Professor Howard.九、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：43.20)Questions
13、 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：43.20）A.The use of oversized freight containers.B.Safety problems with railroad tracks.C.The growth of the automotive industry.D.The high cost of meeting environmental regulations.A.To make the railway operation safer.B.To offer passengers
14、more comfortable journeys.C.To meet the demand of shipping larger loads.D.To connect the railway network with the highways.A.It contributes less to air pollution than truck industry.B.Its competitors are inconsiderate of customers.C.It preserves a traditional way of doing business.D.It creates perso
15、nal fortunes for investors.十、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：57.60)Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：57.60）A.They took objective tests.B.They specialized in one subject.C.They spoke instead of writing.D.They were timed by electric clocks.A.Modem industry must have developed
16、 before the Middle Ages.B.Modem industry must have developed around the 19th century.C.Modem industry must have developed in Greece or Rome.D.Modem industry must have developed machines to take tests.A.Objective tests.B.Spoken tests.C.Personal tests.D.Subjective tests.A.The features of the exams in
17、the Middle Ages.B.How did the forms of exams evolve.C.How to perform well in both spoken and written exams.D.The different exams designed for people of different ages.十一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.00)One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-wo
18、rkers, where the most common 1 range from bad-mouthing (说的坏话) another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much, according to a study 2 on Tuesday. Most workers attend so-called happy hours to 3 with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear the latest office gossip and 13 percent go beca
19、use they feel obligated, said the survey conducted for CareerB, an online job site. As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow, 16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague, 10 percent shared a secret about a colleague, 8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much and
20、acted 4 . 5 percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent 5 to singing karaoke. While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for 6 , 85 percent said attending had not helped them get 7 to someone higher up or get a better position. An equal number of men and
21、 women said they attend happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least 8 to attend. Overall, 21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those, 9 a quarter go at least once a month. The survey was 10 online by Harris Interac
22、tive on behalf of CareerB among 6,987 full-time employees. A. bond B. acknowledged C. nearly D. specially E. anywhere F. mishaps G. obligated H. likely I. conducted J. idly K. unprofessionally L. networking M. released N. confessed O. researched（分数：35.00）十三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Green GrowthA. Th
23、e enrichment of previously poor countries is the most inspiring development of our time. It is also worrying. The environment is already under strain. What will happen when the global population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050, as demographers (人口统计学家) expect, and a growing proport
24、ion of these people can afford goods that were once reserved for the elite? Can the planet support so much economic activity? B. Many policymakers adopt a top-down and Western-centric approach to such planetary problems. They discuss ambitious regulations in global forums, or look to giant multinati
25、onals and well-heeled (富有的) NGOs to set an example. But since most people live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more sustainable. C. A new study by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) identifies
26、 16 emerging-market firms that they say are turning eco-consciousness into a source of competitive advantage. These highly profitable companies (which the study calls “the new sustainability champions“) are using greenery to reduce costs, motivate workers and forge relationships. Their home-grown id
27、eas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything cooked up in the West. D. The most outstanding quality of these companies is that they turn limitations (of resources, labor and infrastructure) into opportunities. Thus, India“s Shree Cement, which has long suffered from water shorta
28、ges, developed the world“s most water-efficient method for making cement, in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling. Manila Water, a utility in the Philippines, reduced the amount of water it was losing, through wastage and illegal tapping, from 63% in 1997 to 12% in 2010 by making wate
29、r affordable for the poor. Broad Group, a Chinese maker of air conditioners, taps the waste heat from buildings to power its machines. Zhangzidao Fishery Group, a Chinese aquaculture (水产养殖) company, recycles uneaten fish feed to fertilize crops. E. Setting green goals is a common practice. Sekem, an
30、 Egyptian food producer, set itself the task of reclaiming (开垦) desert land through organic farming. Florida Ice & Farm, a Costa Rican food and drink company, has adopted strict standards for the amount of water it can consume in producing drinks. F. These firms measure themselves by their greenery,
31、 too. Florida Ice & Farm, for example, links 60% of its boss“s pay to the triple bottom line of “people, planet and profit“. The sustainability champions also encourage their workers to come up with green ideas. Natura, a Brazilian cosmetics company, gives bonuses to staff who find ways to reduce th
32、e firm“s impact on the environment. Masisa, a Chilean forestry company, invites employees to “imagine unimaginable businesses“ aimed at poorer consumers. Woolworths, a South African retailer, claims that many of its best green ideas have come from staff, not bosses. G. In emerging markets it is hard
33、 for companies to stick to one specialism, because they have to worry about so many wider problems, from humble infrastructure to unreliable supply chains. So the sustainability champions seek to shape the business environment in which they operate. They lobby (游说) regulators: Grupo Balbo, a Brazili
34、an organic-sugar producer, is working with the Brazilian government to establish a certification system for organic products. They form partnerships with governments and NGOs. Kenya“s Equity Bank has formed an alliance with groups such as The International Fund for Agricultural Development to reduce
35、 its risks when lending to smallholders. Natura has worked with its suppliers to produce sustainable packaging, including a new “green“ plastic derived from sugar cane. H. The firms also work hard to reach and educate poor consumers, often sacrificing short-term profits to create future markets. Mas
36、isa organizes local carpenters into networks and connects them to low-income furniture buyers. Broad Group has developed a miniature device for measuring air pollution that can fit into mobile phones. Jain Irrigation, an Indian maker of irrigation systems, uses dance and song to explain the benefits
37、 of drip irrigation to farmers who can“t read. Suntech, a Chinese solar-power company, has established a low-carbon museum to celebrate ways of reducing carbon-dioxide emissions. Rich because green, or green because rich? I. One could quibble (争辩) with BCG“s analysis. Phil Rosenzweig of Switzerland“
38、s IMD business school has argued that management writers are prone to “the halo effect“: they treat the temporary success of a company as proof that it has discovered some eternal principle of good management. The fact that some successful companies have embraced greenery does not prove that greener
39、y makes a firm successful. Some firms, having prospered, find they can afford to splurge (挥霍) on greenery. Some successful firms pursue greenery for public-relations purposes. And for every sustainable emerging champion, there are surely 100 firms that have prospered by belching (喷出) fumes into the
40、air or pumping toxins into rivers. J. Nonetheless, the central message of the WEF-BCG studythat some of the best emerging-world companies are combining profits with greeneryis thought-provoking. Many critics of environmentalism argue that it is a rich-world luxury: that the poor need adequate food b
41、efore they need super-clean air. Some even see greenery as a rich-world conspiracy (阴谋): the West grew rich by industrializing (and polluting ), but now wants to stop the rest of the world from following suit. The WEF-BCG report demonstrates that such fears are overblown. Emerging-world companies ca
42、n be just as green as their Western rivals. Many have found that, when natural resources are scarce and consumers are cash-strapped (资金短缺的), greenery can be a lucrative (利润丰厚的) business strategy.（分数：70.00）(1).An air-conditioner manufacturer uses the waste heat from buildings to supply its machines w
43、ith power.（分数：7.00）(2).Many critics of environmentalism hold the view that greenery is a rich-world luxury because that“s not what the poor people badly want.（分数：7.00）(3).Workers of the sustainability champions are motivated to bring forward green ideas.（分数：7.00）(4).It is meaningful to study what su
44、ccessful companies in the emerging world are doing to achieve more sustainable growth, since most people live there.（分数：7.00）(5).It“s difficult for companies in emerging markets to keep focusing on one specific problem because they have many wider problems to worry about.（分数：7.00）(6).Although some s
45、uccessful firms have embraced greenery, it doesn“t mean that greenery will lead to the success of a firm.（分数：7.00）(7).It will probably be easier for companies to follow the home-grown ideas than those invented in the West.（分数：7.00）(8).It has been found that greenery can be profitable when natural re
46、sources are scarce and consumers are short of cash.（分数：7.00）(9).Sekem, which produces food in Egypt, set a goal to reclaim desert land through organic farming.（分数：7.00）(10).To create future markets, the firms also make effort to reach and educate poor consumers, often at the cost of short-term profi
47、ts.（分数：7.00）十四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：72.00)Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or her own microcomputer. Wha
48、t advantages do computers offer the college students? Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alte
49、r, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor. Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs r
