1、大学四级-199 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.从何处得知信息； 2自己胜任并需要这份工作的理由； 3希望对方安排时间面谈。 BAn Application Letter/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BOverwork/BIn November 1994 a social worker made legal history when a High Court judge held his employer liable for a nervo
2、us breakdown which ended his career UNISON member, John Walker, 57, is the first employee in Britain to sue an employer successfully for stress from overwork.Mr Justice Colman ruled that Northumberland County Council was liable for damages because of its unreasonable failure to provide a safe system
3、 of work. UNISON is seeking a 200,000 compensation settlement for Mr Walker, who said his employer had subjected him to “an impossible work- load“. Northumberland Council says it intends to appeal the judgement.Hazards asked the government safety watchdog, the Health and Safety Executive, for its co
4、m- merits on the settlement: “As far as we are concerned we do not consider overwork and long hours a health and safety issue,“ said HSE spokesman Phil Dent.Department of Employment figures for 1992 reveal the hours of overtime worked to be the equivalent of two million full-time jobs. Nearly 50% of
5、 the British workforce report coming home exhausted, compared with 36% in the US and 17% in the Netherlands.BTime in Britain/BFigures published by the European Commission in September 1994 show that over the last ten years, working hours for men and women in Europe have fallen by one or two hours a
6、week-except in the UK, where the numbers of men and women working long hours rose.More than a quarter of British men employed in industry and services work more than 48 hours per week, by far the highest figure in Europe.Between 1983 and 1992 the proportion of men in the UK working more than 48 hour
7、s a week rose from 22% to 28%. Three in five work Saturdays and two out of five Sundays “usually or some- times“. British men are spending longer hours and more weekends at work and have less time to recover from work and to spend with their families.For women the position is polarised (两极分化)-the on
8、es working long hours work very long hours, with the proportion working 45 hours up from 6% to 9%. For the remainder, only Dutch women work fewer hours.Only 14% of women in the UK worked full time in 1992. “Unions must break the culture of working long hours,“ says Jane Paul, health, safety and equa
9、lity officer with the media union BEC- TU. “Otherwise we will continue to move towards a labour force consisting of four groups of workers: a core of intensively overworked employees; a periphery of part-time casual workers; an informal labour market of people with three jobs to make ends meet; and
10、the unpaid volunteers and domestic workers.“BResearch/BStudies of working hours during the first and second World Wars showed a link between long shifts, overtime working and an absence of rest breaks and increased accident rates. More recent studies link stress with long hours of work. Other resear
11、ch shows a fail in work output during longer shifts and, again, rising accident rates 9,10. Reduced alertness, greater fatigue and sleep loss have also been reported after a switch to 12 hour shifts.BOvertime monitored/BA study by the Institute of Psychology in Stockholm found overtime damages the p
12、hysical psychological and social well-being of workers, even where the workers willing took on the extra work. The workers, members of Swedish union SIF, were employed by the electronics firm Ericcson. Before agreeing to a heavy work programme their union demanded and management agreed that the heal
13、th effects of the overtime work should be monitored.The researchers found high levels of adrenaline (肾上腺素), blood fats and slightly elevated blood pressure in the workforce. Maria Sokolowski of SIF concluded the workers “were experiencing a permanent condition of stress, which did not go away even a
14、 vacation of four weeks. After what might be considered a propel rest they still felt worn out, irritated and in a bed mood. The physical condition of the employees was much poorer now than at the beginning of the project.“We now know that overtime during a continuously long period of time affects t
15、he efficiency, well-being, level of stress and social life of employees.“ The changes identified suggest a real risk of long term health problems, particularly stress-related heart disease. Very little Work has been undertaken on overwork and chronic health problems.BUnion concern/BIn the UK, univer
16、sity and college lecturers are facing intolerable levels of work, according to trade union reports. An October 1994 report from the Association of University Teachers (AUT) warned they are being “tested to destruction“ by long hours. And a survey by university and college union NATFHE concluded lect
17、urers were being driven to the verge of nervous breakdown by stress, overwork and uncertainty-nearly eight out of 10 said stress levels were unacceptable and one in four said they had taken time off with stress.A May 1994 survey of 6,500 members by public sector union UNISON found they were “demoral
18、ised(受挫的) and pessimistic“. More than one in five (22%) said they were expected to work unpaid overtime of up to 20 hours, per week. More than a third said they had suffered, from work related health problems, with increased workloads the main cause identified.And a 1994 survey of British Telecom st
19、aff by the union STE revealed over half suffered work-related stress. There was a clear relationship between number of hours worked and stress symptoms. Over 80% routinely worked unpaid overtime.Transport workers are also at risk. Ships officers union NUMAST say “scandalous(令人反感的) hours“ have contri
20、buted to soaring numbers of seafarers failing medical examinations on psychiatric grounds. And a September 1994 report from the T six twelve hour shifts-three days, three nights-followed by just four days off. In September 1994 two workers were dismissed for sleeping on night shift, One man, working
21、 alone on a twelve hour night shift, had a heart attack and died before anyone found him at shift change m the morning.（分数：70.00）(1).According to the statistics in 1992 published by Department of Employment 36% of Dutch employees felt tired after work.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).According to the figures pub
22、lished by the European Commission in 1994, the British men worked the longest hours per week in Europe.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).According to the figures published by the European Commission in 1994, 60% of British people work Sundays.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to the studies of working hours, bad work
23、ing environment should be responsible for in- creased accident rates.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).According to the study by the Institute of Psychology in Stockholm, overwork is likely to induce some diseases.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).According to a survey by NATFHE, 80% lecturers agreed that stress was more than
24、they could bear.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).According to the surveys in 1994 both transport workers and telecom employees obssessed with work-related stress were in danger.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).According to a September 1994 report from the TD.She considers the show is enjoyable.A.Its bigger than he has imagin
25、ed.B.Its much more brighter.C.Its smaller than he has thought.D.Its full of furniture.A.The “Mirror“ and “The Sun“.B.Low-quality papers.C.The major national dailies.D.All kinds of newspapers.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Giving a lecture.B.Discussin
26、g political science.C.Working on a science problem.D.Reading twentieth-century literature.A.They make him feel good.B.They make no impact on him.C.They bore him.D.They make him angry.A.Professor Hawl is a controversial figure on campus.B.Professor Hawl plays an important part in college.C.Students a
27、dmire Professor Hawl for his wonderful lectures.D.Students are sleepy in Professor Hawls lecture.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A chemistry experiment.B.A class that the woman is taking.C.A job possibility the woman expecting.D.A study that their che
28、mistry professor did.A.She wants to earn extra money.B.She wants to get practical experience.C.She wants to take a chemistry course.D.She wants to quit her job in the chemistry lab.A.Help them with their studies.B.Employ them as lab assistants.C.Teach classes at their high school.D.Pay them for part
29、icipating in the study.A.Write their lab reports.B.Finish their chemistry experiments.C.Find out Professor Smiths schedule.D.Interview some high school students.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.She often practices
30、 taking notes.B.She often practices oiling the gate.C.She often practices singing high notes.D.She often practices overcoming her weakness.A.Because he had run out of gas.B.Because his tires were stabbed.C.Because he bad heard a noise.D.Because he was attracted by Mrs. f Jones.A.The noise came from
31、the tires.B.The noise came form the brakes.C.The noise came from Mrs. Jones singing.D.The noise came from another car passing by.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.People of 65 years old.B.People over 65 years old.C.People between 60 and 65 year
32、s old.D.Retired people.A.They feel enjoyable.B.They feel safe in big cities.C.They feel unproductive and lonely.D.They feel free.A.Because their number is growing and they are more active.B.Because senior citizens have more experience than others.C.Because their average life span is longer.D.Because
33、 they do more work now.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.It can be done anywhere, anytime.B.It can be done at home in the evening.C.It can be done in the park at weekends.D.It can be done in the office in the morning.A.Walking doesnt stretch
34、muscles too much.B.Walking is the best way to keep fit.C.Walking doesnt put high pressure on bones and joints.D.Walking makes muscles and joints tense with gentle stretch.A.Your physical health.B.Your emotional health.C.Your muscle strength.D.Your blood pressure.A.They felt happy and relaxed.B.They
35、felt thirsty and sleepy.C.They felt tired and uncomfortable.D.They felt less tired and more energetic.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Interview is a vital process for a candidate to get a job. It often happens that a number of applicants with almostU (36) /Uqualifications and experience all apply for
36、the sameU (37) /UThere is little to choose between half a dozen candidates in their educationalU (38) /U, special skills and work experience. How then does the employer make a choice? It is usually on the basis of an interview. There axe many arguments for and against the interview as a selectionU (
37、39) /U. The main argument against it is that it results in a whollyU (40) /Udecision. As often as not, employers do not choose the best candidate, they choose the candidate who makes a good firstU (41) /Uon them. Some employers argue that they have become so experienced in interviewingU (42) /Uthat
38、they are able to make aU (43) /Uassessment. The main argument in favor of the interview is thatU (44) /U.It is perhaps true to say thatU (45) /Ubut to make a guess at the personality, character and social ability. Unfortunately, there are many people of great ability who simply do not interview well
39、.U (46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)There are many wedding traditions in the West. And most of theirU (47) /Uhave their roots in ancient superstitious (迷信的) beliefs.Placing a silver sixpence in
40、 the brides left shoe is aU (48) /Uof wealth. This is not just to bring the brideU (49) /Uwealth but also a wealth of happiness and joy throughout her married life.The custom of the weddingU (50) /Uis thought to be earlier than the wedding dress by centuries. One explanation for it is that during th
41、e times ofU (51) /Umarriages, the brides face was covered until the groom wasU (52) /Uto her at the ceremony-so it would be too late for him to run off if he didnt like the look of her!AndU (53) /Ucarrying the bride over the threshold is thought to beU (54) /Uto Roman times, If the bride stumbled (绊
42、倒) when entering the newlyweds home, it would bring bad luck to their mar- ridge. So carrying the bride across the threshold would prevent this from happening.The tradition of carrying flowers by the bride has its root in ancient times when it was believed that strong smelling herbs would drive away
43、 evil spirits, bad luck and ill health. During Victorian times, flowers took on anU (55) /Usignificance as lovers would send messages to each other using different flowers, with each flower having its own meaning. For example, daisy means “purity andU (56) /U“; apple blossom means “better thing to c
44、ome“.A) additional F) veil K) inspirationB) related G) origins L) integratedC ) traditionally H) symbol M) replacedD) committed I) financial N) innocenceE) remote J) repeatedly O) arranged（分数：90.00）(1).（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BSection B/B(总题数：
45、2，分数：80.00)BPassage One/BNow that many media chiefs have fallen into disrepute (坏名声) and have left, those who are still in positions feel the need to take the problem seriously. CEOs were overhyped (炒作) as were some stocks. This is how AOL Time Warner group chairman Jeff Bewkes summed it up. The era
46、 of the imperial CEO has come to an end, MTV Networks Chairman Tom Freston added. The two executives agreed that the industrys complex and often ill-fated mega mergers (大型合并) had proven that bigger is not necessarily better, no matter how big the reputations of the personalities behind them.The cont
47、inuing fall of media executives who a few years ago were hailed as visionaries(有远见卓识者) was active this month, and the industrys fears reached into the executive ranks of music, publishing and TV. Technology visionary Steve Case left as chairman of AOL Time Warner, replaced by chief executive Richard Parsons. Top exec
