1、大学四级-552 及答案解析(总分：727.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.考试作弊屡禁不止 2.考试作弊的原因 3.解决办法（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BRise of an “Iraq Generation“ in Europe/BWhile the media publicize photographs of prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib (阿布格莱布监狱) as evidence of US iniquity, her friends
2、are expressing disbelief and disappointment. They are also wondering how far the images may loosen Washingtons grip on its claim to global moral leadership.In the short term, European public disgust at the pictures probably rules out any chance that Americas NATO allies will offer military help secu
3、ring the transition to Iraqi rule in Baghdad. In the long run, some observers worry, the photographs could perpetuate a graver transatlantic rift.“They might help create an Iraq Generation in Europe like the Vietnam Generation“, suggests Bernhard May, an expert on European relations with the US at t
4、he influential German Foreign Policy Society in Berlin. “If a whole generation comes to think of America in terms of the Iraq war, then we are in trouble for years to come.“The best way for the US to salvage the situation, European analysts tend to agree, is to hand over as much responsibility for I
5、raq as possible to the United Nations, so as to give international legitimacy to the authorities there. “We need to move to bring the UN center stage much more urgently, and make sure that the Security Council has true political authority over events in Iraq,“ argues Paul Wilkinson, professor of Int
6、ernational Relations at St. Andrews University in Scotland.The prison photographs have so inflamed Iraqi and Arab opinion, however, that the UNs task of anointing a transitional Iraqi government is now even more complicated. “A solution has to be found to the problems in Iraq but it has been made im
7、measurably more difficult by the revelations about prisoner mistreatment,“ says Lord Carrington, a former British foreign secretary.The damage in Europe, however, is to Americas reputation and leadership, particularly galling to supporters of the war such as French author Pascal Bruckner, who bucked
8、 the French intellectual trend a year ago. “America is squandering a moral credit that was already eroded,“ Mr. Bruekner stated recently. “Whatever she does she has lost the image battle, and her current leaders will have achieved the exploit of making America hateful to the whole world, including h
9、er own friends, allies, and neighbors. “BWhat the Polls Say/BNot that the current US administration was very popular in the first place among European citizens, resentful of what they see as Washingtons arrogance in world affairs. A poll published in June by the Pew Foundation found that President B
10、ushs approval ratings were 39 percent in Britain (the highest of the seven countries surveyed) , 15 percent in France, and 14 percent in Germany.The Abu Ghraib photographs emerged following several difficult weeks for the US-led occupation forces in Iraq, when a lot seemed to be going wrong for them
11、, including a Shiite uprising and sustained resistance in Fallujah (费卢杰，地名) . Those events appeared to comfort most Europeans in their conviction that the war was wrong in the first place. “Acting on a false pretext-the famous weapons of mass destruction-without United Nations support the Americans
12、owed it to themselves to be irreproachable in their handling of the war and its aftermath,“ Bruckner argued.By falling short of that standard, the US authorities may have triggered repercussions that will be felt for many years, some analysts fear. “The photographs show how far we have to go in winn
13、ing the battle of ideas as part of the fight against terrorism,“ says Professor Wilkinson. “1 am worried about the low priority given to human rights and the rule of law in the strategy against A1 Qaeda. If we dont win the hearts and minds of young Muslims we are creating a production line of new su
14、icide bombers.“In Europe, meanwhile, the pictures reinforce negative stereotypes of America that are common among young people, says Dr. May. “Kids are telling their teachers they always said America followed double standards, and here is the proof,“ he explains. “They see this as evidence of what t
15、hey believed all along that America is using force in the wrong way, that it doesnt respect its own value system, that it simply pursuing its own interests. US officials insistence that only a few were responsible for the prisoner abuse is not generally believed. European newspapers have given wide
16、publicity to the report of the Committee of the International Red Cross that such mistreatment was systematic in parts of Abu Ghraib.In Poland, whose government and people are perhaps the most wholeheartedly pro-American on the Continent, “many people believed America represented the morally correct
17、 cause in the conflict,“ says Janusz Reiter, head of the Center for International Relations in Warsaw. “Now they have very severe doubts.“This case has damaged Americas moral credibility, and undermined Poles trust in the US as the political leader of the world“. Mr. Reiter worries, “But it is not i
18、rreparable.“ BSigns of Change/BSigns that Washington may be seeking to make amends with its European allies have begun to sprout: the coalition has already given the UN the lead role in establishing Iraqs transitional government, due to take power on June 30, for example.Washington is also believed
19、to have signed on to a French plan for a conference involving Iraqs neighbors, to draw them into reconstruction efforts, even though two of those neighbors are Iran, an so-called “axis of evil“ member, and Syria, against which Mr. Bush imposed a trade embargo lately for allegedly supporting terroris
20、m.At the same time, the US State Departments policy planning chief, Mitchell Reiss, has been making soothing noises at public appearances in Europe. In a speech in Berlin, for instance, be talked at length about the need for transatlantic cooperation and dialogue. “The speech had everything we wante
21、d to bear, things we had not heard for two years,“ says May, who heard Reiss speak.In the wake of Spains troop withdrawal, however, Washington is facing an uphill struggle to convince other allies to keep their soldiers in Iraq, and its hopes of persuading new contributors to join the effort appear
22、to have dropped to zero.US officials had hoped to persuade NATO to take a formal role in Iraq after the transition to Iraqi rule, but no such decision is expected now at the coming alliance summit in Istanbul.With European mistrust of the US administration running so high, “the last thing the Europe
23、ans want to do is come to the alliance summit and allow George W. Bush to preside over the alliance as a great leader,“ said Philip Gordon, a Brookings Institute scholar and coauthor of a new book on the transatlantic rift over Iraq, in a recent speech to the Transatlantic Center, a Brussels think t
24、ank.The Abu Ghraib scandal “is a major blow to European support for action in Iraq to help the Americans,“ says May. “It is a disaster for Iraq, a disaster for America, and a disaster for transatlantic relations. It makes life a lot harder for Americas friends in Europe. “（分数：70.00）(1).Media publici
25、zed photographs of prisoner mistreatment by US.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).European public gave a negative reaction to the photographs.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Americas NATO allies will still offer military help to US in Iraq.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).In Europe, the pictures have no influence on young people.（分数：7.00）
26、填空项 1:_(5).Poland government is pro-American.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).A trade embargo was imposed by Mr. Bush lately against Syria for allegedly supporting terrorism.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).American people began to protest against the government because of the Abu Ghraib scandal.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).An expert
27、 worried that a(n) _ would be created in Europe like the “Vietnam generation“.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).European analysts agree that its better for the US to hand over as much responsibility for Iraq as possible to_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).A poll showed that in_, President Bushs approval rating was the highe
28、st of the seven countries surveyed.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：140.00)A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.BQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Their lecture notes.B.The mans election plans.C.Putting up posters.D
29、.The campus radio station.A.School senator.B.School treasurer.C.School secretary.D.School president.A.In the morning.B.During lunch.C.In the afternoon.D.During dinner.A.He will make posters.B.He will write a speech.C.He will answer questions.D.He will study chemistry.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on
30、 the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Giving a lecture.B.Discussing political science.C.Working on a science problem.D.Reading twentieth-century literature.A.Telling jokes.B.Falling asleep during class.C.Staying late after class.D.Eating in the cafeteria.A.They complete all their assig
31、nments.B.They study hard for his tests.C.They compete for the best seats in the class.D.They read all his books.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage oneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Three times.B.Four times.C.Six times.D.Seven times.A.This year.B.Thi
32、s seasonC.A year later.D.At the end of the year.A.He doesnt think it is difficult.B.He doesnt think it is more difficult than Marathon.C.He thinks it is much easier than Fl Race.D.He thinks it is the most difficult sporting event.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just
33、heard./B（分数：21.00）A.In the early 1880s.B.Several decades.C.In 1861.D.In 1865.A.Slavery.B.The fact that the North had more political power in Senate.C.Taxes.D.Different political power in the House of Representative.A.Because they deeded workers to raise cotton and tobacco.B.Because they thought slav
34、ery economy inhumane.C.Because they wanted to unite their country.D.Because their pillar economy asked for more labor forces.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Eye contact is very important in relationships.B.The more eye contact, the better.C
35、.The less eye contact, the better.D.Communication barriers are produced by eye contact.A.To show intimacy.B.To show attention.C.To show influence.D.To show respect.A.Not look into his eyes.B.Stare at him.C.Keep eye contact.D.Avoid eye contact.A.The Spanish.B.The American.C.The Arabian.D.The British.
36、五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：76.00)Almost 20,000 whales have been slaughtered since a U(36) /U on commercial whaling was introduced in 1986 and the death U(37) /U is rising each year. Norway and Japan killed over 1,000 whales in 1999 and they plan to kill even more. As the U(38) /Uconcerns increase, whal
37、ing is no longer the issue as it was or U(39) /U to be. With little public awareness of the increasing whale slaughter, there has been no pressure to stop it.U (40) /U, the political will confront the whalers and U(41) /Uthe whaling ban has U(42) /Uaway. Commercial whaling has U(43) /U whale populat
38、ion worldwide,U (44) /U.There is still great scientific uncertainty about the size and status of remaining whale populations.U (45) /U. They need to be protected, not hunted.U (46) /U.（分数：76.01）(1).（分数：6.91）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading
39、(总题数：1，分数：90.00)BQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage./BSome farmers may replant corn. Others mayU (47) /Ucorn with soybeans (大豆) . What farmers do now depends partly on theU (48) /Uof damage to the land. Floodwaters in some areas may contain industrial waste or otherU (49) /Usubsta
40、nces.What the weather does during the rest of the growing season will also be veryU (50) /U. Rain delay hasU (51) /Usoybean planting behind the five-year average in twelve of eighteen major soybean- producing states. Other crops including wheat, rice and oats have alsoU (52) /U.In Burlington, Iowa,
41、as many as fifty trains normally pass through the city every day,U (53) /U carrying coal or passengers. But Burlington is quiet now until water is off the rails and workers can inspect for damage. City Manager Doug Worden says Burlington took steps to preventU (54) /U property damage after the recor
42、d floods of fifteen years ago.While the MidwestU (55) /Uwith recent flooding, the nations top agricultural state, California, faces increasingly dry conditions. on June fourth, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a statewide drought, the first such action since nineteen ninety-one. The orderU (5
43、6) /Utwo years of below-average rainfall and other limitations on water supplies.A) replace I) followedB) mostly J) rigidC) benefit K) harmfulD) suffered L) partlyE) deals M) receivingF) extent N) severeG) important O) slightH) left（分数：90.00）(1).（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
44、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BSection B/B(总题数：2，分数：80.00)BPassage One/BBQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage./Bone of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious
45、 debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking-still in private rather than in public-whether its past assumption about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the
46、problems of the 1990S.Should Harvard or any other university be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions, or even an engine of the revolutions? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Walter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago. “If the universities are to do th
