1、大学四级-698 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.现代社会上有一股证书2. 证书热的原因3. 我对证书热的看法（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)SharksSharks are amazing fish that have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed. They live in waters all over the world, in every ocean, an
2、d even in some rivers and lakes.Sharks and Bony FishUnlike bony fish, sharks have no bones; their skeleton is made of cartilage(软骨), which is a tough, fibrous substance, not nearly as hard as bone. Cartilage, a strong fibrous(纤维的) substance, is softer than bone; our nose and ears are made of cartila
3、ge. Sharks also have no swim bladder (unlike bony fish).SizeThere are many different species of sharks that range in size from the size of a persons hand to bigger than a bus. The whale shark is the largest fish in the world; the basking shark is the second largest fish. Fully-grown sharks range in
4、size from 7 inches long (the Spined Pygmy shark), up to 50 feet long. Most sharks are intermediate in size, and are about the same size as people, 5 - 7 feet long. Half of the shark species are under 39 inches long.Variety of SharksThere are about 368 different species of sharks, which are divided i
5、nto 30 families. These different families of sharks are very different in the way of look, live, and eat. They have different shapes, sizes, colors, fins, teeth, habitat, diet, personality, methods of reproduction, and other attributes. Some types of shark are very rare and some are quite common. Th
6、e spiny dogfish shark is the most common shark.Body ShapesSharks have a variety of body shapes. Most sharks have streamlined (流线型的), Some sharks have an elongated body shape (e. g. cookiecutter sharks and wobbegongs). Sawsharks have elongated snouts, thresher sharks have a tremendously elongated upp
7、er tail fin which they use to stun prey, and hammerheads have extraordinarily wide heads. The goblin shark has a large, pointed protuberance (突出) on its head; its purpose is unknown.TeethThe teeth of sharks are also striking. Sharks may have up to 3,000 teeth at one time. Most sharks do not chew the
8、ir food, but swallow it down whole or in large pieces. The teeth are arranged in rows; when one tooth is damaged or lost, it is replaced by another. Most sharks have about 5 rows of teeth at any time. The front set is the largest and does most of the work.DietSharks vary greatly in their diets, but
9、they are all carnivores(食肉动物). Some eat fish, other sharks, and marine mammals; some eat shellfish from the ocean floor; and others eat tiny bits of plankton(浮游动物) and small animals from the water as they swim with open mouths. They eat huge amounts of these tiny animals and plants.Sharks AttacksWhe
10、n some sharks (like the Great White or the Gray Reef shark) turn aggressive prior to an attack, they arch their back and throw back their head. They also move their tail more acutely (probably in preparation for a chase).Sharks do not normally attack people, and only about 25 species of sharks are k
11、nown to attack people. Sharks attack fewer than 100 people each year. Many more people are killed by bees or lightning.The sharks that are the most dangerous to people are the great white shark, the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the oceanic white tip shark. The bull shark is the most frequent att
12、acker of people as it swims in very shallow waters where people swim and is a very plentiful shark. Some of the other sharks that are known to have attacked people include the gray shark, blue shark, hammerhead shark, mako shark, nurse shark, lemon shark, black tip reef shark, wobbegongs, sandtiger,
13、 spitting sharks, and the porbeagle. Some people believe that sharks mistake people (especially people swimming on surf boards) for seals and sea lions, some of their favorite foods.Occasionally, a group of sharks will attack a food source (for example, a school of fish) in a maniacal fashion. They
14、will wildly attack the food and anything in the area, even each other, sometimes wounding or eating fellow sharks.HabitatSharks live in oceans and seas all over the world, and even in some rivers and lakes, especially in warmer waters. Some sharks live near the surface, some live deep in the water,
15、and others live on or near the ocean floor. Pelagic(远洋的) sharks (living in the open ocean) include the great white shark, the basking shark, etc. Benthic sharks (living at the ocean floor) include the zebra horn shark, the wobbegongs, and the angelshark, which usually have flattened, camouflaged(伪装的
16、) bodies that let them hide in the sea bed. Some sharks even venture many miles up into the fresh water of rivers like the Mississippi in the USA and the Amazon in Brazil. The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) sometimes ventures into fresh water.Migration of SharksSome sharks live in relatively warm
17、waters (hammerheads, bull sharks, and tiger sharks). Other sharks, such as the thresher, mako, basking and blue shark, live in temperate water (which is neither hot nor cold). Others, including the dogfish, Greenland, and goblin, live in cool waters. Some sharks stay in the same region in their enti
18、re lives while others travel across oceans. There are three different types of sharks when it comes to migratory(迁移的) patterns: Local sharks, coastal pelagic sharks, and highly pelagic sharks. Local sharks do not migrate, and range only about a hundred miles from their habitat, coastal pelagic shark
19、s can migrate over 1,000 miles, while highly pelagic sharks migrate across oceans.Evolution of SharksSharks have existed for over 350 million years. They evolved over 100 million years before the dinosaurs did. This was long before people evolved. Most fossil evidence of early sharks is from fossili
20、zed teeth and a few skin impressions. Cladodonts, primitive sharks, had double- pointed teeth, were up to 6 feet long and lived about 360 million years ago; they ate fish and crustaceans(甲壳类).Megalodon was an ancient, meat-eating shark, living between 25 - 1.6 million years ago; it is extinct. It wa
21、s over 40 feet long, but this is only an estimate from fossil teeth that have been found. Its teeth resemble those of the great white shark but are almost 3 times larger; these teeth are each the size of a persons hand!（分数：70.00）(1).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：7.00）A.The passage tells u
22、s the habitat and migration of sharks.B.The passage tells us why sharks are dangerous to people.C.The passage introduces the evolutional process of sharks.D.The passage introduces the basic information about sharks.(2).Different from most fishes, sharks body is upheld by _.（分数：7.00）A.bonesB.cartilag
23、eC.fiberD.skeleton(3).Which of the following description about the size of sharks is TRUE?（分数：7.00）A.Most sharks are about the same size as human beings.B.Sharks are the largest fish; most of them are bigger than buses.C.Most sharks are much longer than human beings.D.Sharks are big animals; most of
24、 them are about 50 feet long.(4).Which of the following sharks is the most common sharks?（分数：7.00）A.The whale shark.B.The spiny dogfish shark.C.The basking shark.D.The great white shark.(5).Sharks eat their food by _?（分数：7.00）A.suckingB.swallowingC.grindingD.chewing(6).When sharks quickly move their
25、 tail, they probably become _.（分数：7.00）A.offensiveB.indifferentC.interestedD.friendly(7).Why may the bull sharks attack people frequently?（分数：7.00）A.Because human being is their favorite food.B.Because they may wildly attack anything in the area.C.Because they swims in shallow waters where people sw
26、im.D.Because they are very aggressive sharks.(8).The sharks that move about in a fixed area about a hundred miles are called _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The earliest dinosaurs lived in the time that was about _ years from today according to the passage.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Cladodonts and primitive sharks,
27、 which had double-pointed teeth mainly feed on _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.He spent almost all his money.B.He didnt live with his brother.C.He didnt have any scholarship.D.He saved a large sum of money.A.He likes Professor Lees lectures very muc
28、h.B.People can drink tea in Professor Lees lectures.C.Professor Lees lectures are boring.D.Professor Lee has put away all his papers.A.Doctor and patient.B.Student and teacher.C.Sales assistant and customer.D.Manager and officer clerk.A.To the supermarket.B.To the restaurant.C.To the fitness club.D.
29、To the university.A.He doesnt know Jack.B.He forgets to ask Jack.C.Jack knows a lot about digital camera.D.Jack probably knows nothing about digital camera.A.He is using his computer for work purposes.B.He often plays games on his computer.C.His computer makes his life easier.D.His client cannot use
30、 a computer.A.The woman and man are students.B.The man thought the speech was more interesting than the woman did.C.The man and woman have been listening to a politician.D.The woman slept during the speech.A.His classmates know the womans mom.B.His classmates send him letters.C.He already promised t
31、o introduce his classmates to the womans mom.D.He already promised to save stamps for his classmates.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Children Literature.B.American Literature.C.Medicine.D.Elementary Education.A.They find these stories interesting.B.Th
32、ey can learn how to write such stories.C.These stories are written by a famous doctor.D.The stories are on their reading list.A.They are the same person.B.One is a doctor and the other is a writer.C.Both of them are teachers.D.They are from different departments.A.It is a book written only for class
33、room reading.B.It is a book on education.C.It has a vocabulary of only two hundred words.D.It was written by a child.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Searching for reference material.B.Watching a film of the 1930s.C.Writing a course book.D.Looking for
34、a job in a movie studio.A.Its too broad to cope with.B.Its a bit outdate.C.Its controversial.D.Its of little practical value.A.At the end of the online catalogue.B.At the Reference Desk.C.In the New York Times.D.In the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQues
35、tions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.More than 12%.B.Almost 50%.C.Nearly 60%.D.About 70%.A.They are self-evident.B.They are yet to be proved.C.They are to be further studied.D.They are supported by scientific evidence.A.Different Forms of ExerciseB.Exercise-The Roa
36、d to HealthC.RunningA Popular Form of SportD.Scientific Evidence of Health BenefitsPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Refined food.B.Processed food.C.Natural food.D.Organic food.A.The ultimate content remains the same.B.The vitamin content is reduc
37、ed.C.The food becomes poisonous.D.Vitamin is added to the food.A.Natural food.B.Organic food.C.Health food.D.The processing of food.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Diet.B.Weight control.C.Aerobic exercise.D.Eating habits and exercise.A.Nuts.B.
38、Sugar.C.Vegetable oil.D.Dairy products.A.Forty or fifty minutes of exercise once a week.B.Twenty or thirty minutes of exercise every day.C.Fifteen or twenty minutes of exercise five days a week.D.Thirty or forty minutes of exercise three or four days a week.A.Carbohydrates.B.Indirect fat.C.Body flui
39、d.D.Fat.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)When I was at school, my (36) was to be a pilot in the Air Force. But my (37) wasnt good enough, so I had to give up the idea. I went to university and studies (38) . I wanted to stay on there and do (39) but my father died at about that time so I thought Id better
40、 get a job and earn my living. I started working in an engineering firm.I (40) to stay in that job for a long time, but then they (41) a new managing director. I didnt get on with him, so I resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company. I would certainly have accepted the job if th
41、ey had offered it to me, but on my way to the (42) I met a friend who was working for a travel (43) . He offered me a job in Spain and Ive always liked Spain, so I took it.I worked in the travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South America (44) . Then we had a baby and I was
42、nt earning enough to support the family so I started giving English lessons at a school in the evenings. (45) and then the owner of the school offered me a full-time job as a teacher so I resigned from the agency. (46) And here I am!（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
43、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The partnership between humans and animals dates back to the first domestication of animals in the Stone Age, as long as 9,000 years ago. But never have animals pro
44、vided such (47) and particular help to humans as they do today in the form of trained (48) to people with disabilities. These animals, usually dogs, help people (49) tasks that would otherwise be difficult or even impossible. Service animals are not (50) but working animals doing a job; thus, (51) s
45、uch as the Americans with Disabilities Act(1990) in the United States and the Disability Discrimination Act (1995) in the United Kingdom make service animals exempt from rules that (52) animals from public places and business.The most familiar service animals are guide dogs whose job is to help peop
46、le with (53) weakness or disability move about safely. Systematic training of guide dogs (54) in Germany during World War One to aid blinded veterans. In the late 1920s Dorothy Harrison Eustis, an American dog trainer living in Switzerland, heard of the program and wrote an article for a magazine ab
47、out it. The (55) led her to her first student, Morris Frank, with her help she established a similar training school in the United States in 1929, the Seeing Eye. Reputable organizations which train assistance animals also take steps to (56) that animals are cherished and lead rewarding enjoyable an
48、d healthy lives. When the animals helping careers are over, provisions are made for their well-deserved retirements. A) physical B) prohibit C) pets D) unnecessary E) originated F) dedicated G) isolate H) visual I) legislation J) accomplish K) assistance L) publicityM) ensure N) approve O) fume（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
