1、大学四级-772 及答案解析(总分：701.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.Some people tend to stick to one job in their lives. 2. Other people prefer changing jobs constantly. 3. My opinion.（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The balance of nature is a delicate system of checks and counter-ch
2、ecks. Nature has its own way of checking the life and distribution of the different organisms and helping their growth. An epidemic may be considered natures way of checking population growth. Man in his attempt to conquer nature and to utilise it to his advantage has interfered with the balance of
3、nature, thereby creating problems of a complex nature. Natures ways of maintaining the balance are intricate and not easily understood and mans application of his scientific knowledge and techniques has upset this balance so much that today, being aware of the disastrous consequences, he takes measu
4、res against them. No animal or plant can live in isolation, for different organisms are parts of a vast dynamic complex of living things. As no man. or community is serf-sufficient, no organism can live by itself. When man interferes with the interdependence and interrelationships of the different o
5、rganisms, he is, in effect, upsetting their balanced relationships and his action can have a chain reaction. If we prevent fish eggs from being deposited in a pond, we are allowing an unchecked growth of weeds. The waterfowl which feeds on tadpoles will look for alternatives, thereby tending to upse
6、t these blanced relationships. It is important that for the preservation of beauty in nature the balance of nature is maintained. Man for his own survival has to make his peace with plant and animal life, the size and distribution of which he has interfered with. It is to be noted that in every plan
7、t and animal community there is a trend towards a balance between the different species. When each successive species is of. the right number to maintain a constant population, a balance between the different species is maintained and this state is referred to as the climax stage. Man is forever ups
8、etting the balance of the climax stage. He has added to the numbers of animals and plants that are useful to him. In the process he has unwittingly helped the increase in the number of insects and vermin and as a result he has to wage a relentless war against them. if man continues to interfere with
9、 the balance of nature, it is possible that some animals and birds may soon become extinct. The indiscriminate hunting of whales has reduced the number of some species almost to the verge of extinction and international laws have been drawn up to protect them. The balance of nature is to be maintain
10、ed in order to prevent soil deterioration. Human intervention has altered the established relationship between the plants of an area and the soil of that area. Animals introduced by man, sheep and goats for example, have led to widespread soil deterioration. By cutting down trees or by practising un
11、suitable systems of agriculture, man destroys the crumb structure of soil, thereby making it susceptible to erosion. Soil erosion results in loss of soil fertility and maintaining soil fertility is considered the biggest problem facing mankind apart from the prevention of war. The increase in world
12、population and the growth of civilisation have been the two major factors that have led man to cut down forests on an unprecedented scale and the erosion caused by the cutting down of huge areas of forests has resulted in floods on a scale hitherto unknown. Soil erosion can whittle away soil fertili
13、ty and if adequate and effective measures are not taken it can become a menacing spectre tearing at the prosperity of many countries. Pollution, in its different forms, interferes with the balance of nature. Water pollution affects natures balance in oceans, lakes and rivers. Man-made pollution of w
14、ater is due to municipal sewage, dumping by factories and the depositing of pesticides. Solid wastes can permeate the soil and pollute lakes and rivers. Man has to adopt the philosophy of thrift by conserving natural resources and not destroying them by interfering with the balance of nature. He has
15、 to exploit natural resources, taking the environment as a whole. He has to practise fertilization, soil conservation and water management to make a balanced use of the resources of nature possible.（分数：70.00）(1).Natures ways of maintaining the balance are _.（分数：7.00）A.simple and easily understoodB.i
16、ntricate and not easily understoodC.mysterious and unknownD.everchanging(2).Man should take the philosophy of thrift by _.（分数：7.00）A.conserving natural resources and not destroying themB.keeping exploring natural resourcesC.developing virgin landsD.saving natual resources, better not use them(3).The
17、 example of tadpoles, fish eggs and waterfowl is used to show that the activities of man could give rise to _.（分数：7.00）A.protecting the enviornmentB.helping to balance natureC.negative chain reactionsD.killing all the living things(4).If man continues to interfere with the balance of nature, it is p
18、ossible that _ may soon become extinct.（分数：7.00）A.manB.all the living thingsC.some plantsD.some birds and animals(5).By upsetting the balance of the climax stage, man will _ the indiscriminate hunting of whales for food.（分数：7.00）A.encourageB.supportC.reduceD.prohibit(6).The balance of nature can pre
19、vent _.（分数：7.00）A.soil fertilityB.warC.soil deteriorationD.cutting down forests(7).Water pollution _ natures balance in oceans, lakes and rivers.（分数：7.00）A.affectsB.cant affectC.has nothing to do withD.has no matter with(8).The balance of nature is to be maintained so as to prevent _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:
20、_(9).According to the passage, the peoples living of many countries could be seriously threatened by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).We learn from the passage that to maintain the balance of nature, we will have to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.Before the
21、man bought a new house.B.After the man and the woman talked about the purchase for the first time.C.After the man bought a new house.D.After the man has given up looking for a new housA.She says she doesnt mind if the man carries the case.B.She is angry when the man offers to carry the case.C.She re
22、fuses the help.D.She thanks the man and accepts his offer.A.Avoid the party.B.Attend the party.C.Go home.D.Repeat himselA.Mostly English.B.Japanese.C.Chinese.D.Each language about half the timA.45.B.35.C.32.D.22.A.In a restaurant.B.In a bar.C.On a jet.D.On an oceanliner.A.Doctor and patient.B.Passen
23、ger and bus driver.C.Customer and merchant.D.Boss and secretary.A.Changing her clothes.B.Driving her car.C.Having a meal.D.Typing an essay.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.They dont get rid of flabby arms.B.They can damage arm muscles.C.They arent acce
24、ptable to most people.D.They can raise ones blood pressurA.By talking to an expert.B.By reading an article.C.By attending an exercise class.D.By listening to the radio.A.Exercising the entire body.B.Having your blood pressure taken daily.C.Losing weight prior to exercising.D.Weighing in before each
25、exercise session.A.Wearing arm weights while you are swimming.B.Jogging vigorously in one place for a long time.C.Using bicycles that require you to use both your arms and legs.D.Walking slowly while swinging your arms back and fortQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have Just heard
26、.（分数：21.00）A.Food packaging.B.Varieties of fish.C.A new snack food.D.An artificial food flavorinA.Its variety of colors.B.Its unusual texture.C.The way it is sold.D.Its main ingredient.A.To preserve it longer.B.To give it a particular taste.C.To make it smoother.D.To increase the fermentation.五、Sect
27、ion B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.In Dakota.B.In Hawaii.C.In New York.D.In EnglanA.The door man.B.One of the Beatles.C.A 20-year-old young man.D.A fan of the Beatles and John Lennon.A.He shot John by accident.B.He was a fan o
28、f the Beatles.C.He knew what he was doing.D.He asked John Lennon for his signaturPassage Two Question 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The increase in driving offences.B.The increase in professional gangs.C.The increase in car stealing.D.The increase in car owners.A.
29、Parked on the roadside at night.B.Twenty miles away.C.In South-well Park.D.In the rich residential areA.To lock up their garages at night.B.To leave their cars in the garages unlocked.C.To lock up their cars even when they are kept in locked garage.D.To park their cars on the roadside instead of in
30、the garagPassage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.They use many different methods.B.All birds follow major geographical features.C.All birds use their memory of a map.D.We have no information about this.A.To fly one following another.B.To fly without
31、stopping.C.To use land features as the guide.D.To take one route only.A.Their memory.B.The stars.C.The sense of time.D.Their experiencA.They use a map and the memory of location.B.They use the sun and the stars.C.They use a map and the earths magnetic field.D.They have precise sense of time or may u
32、se the earths magnetic fiel六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Today I want to help you with a study reading method known as SQ3R. The letters stand for five steps in the reading (36) : Survey, Question, Read, Review, Recite. Each of the steps should be done carefully and in the order mentioned. In all study
33、 reading, a survey should be the first step. Survey means to look quickly. In study reading, you need to look quickly at titles, words in darker or larger print, words with (37) letters, (38) , and charts. Dont stop to read complete sentences. Just look at the important (39) of the materials. The se
34、cond step is question. Try to form questions (40) on your survey. Use the question words who, what, when, where, why and how. Now you are ready for the third step. Read. You will be reading the (41) and important words that you looked at in the survey, but this time you will read the examples and (4
35、2) as well. Sometimes it is useful to take notes while you read. I have had students who (43) to underline important points, and it seemed to be just as useful as note-taking. What you should do, whether you take notes or underline, is to read actively. (44) . The fourth step is review. Remember the
36、 questions that you wrote down before you read the material. You should be able to answer them now. (45) . Concentrate on those. Also review material that you did not consider in your questions. The last step is recite. (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
37、空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：81.00)Drugs can be divided into three main groups: those that a person can buy without a prescription. those that a person needs a doctors prescription for, and those that are illegal. Two popular nonprescription drugs are caffeine
38、 (咖啡因) and alcohol. Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and cola drinks. It is a mental stimulant; it stimulates the central nervous system and makes people feel alert. Students, for example, often find they can study better if they have a cup of coffee. On the other hand, caffeine can also
39、 make people nervous and irritable. If people drink too much caffeine, they may have trouble sleeping. Alcohol is a depressant; it depresses the central nervous system. When people drink, they have less control over their actions. They cannot walk in a straight line and they cannot drive as well as
40、when they are alcohol-free in their blood. People who drink a great deal sometimes fall into a deep sleep. Later, they may wake up with a strong headache. In addition to these nonprescription drugs, there are two major categories of prescription drugs : stimulants and depressants. The depressants in
41、clude morphine(吗啡), which is used as a pain killer. The most common stimulants are amphetamines (苯丙胺). Doctors used to prescribe amphetamines as diet pills ; however, they found that amphetamines can have serious side effects. They can make a patient very nervous, and when the drug wears off, the pa
42、tient may feel very depressed. Doctors still give amphetamines to people with narcolepsy, an illness that causes sudden, uncontrollable attacks of sleep. The largest class of illegal drugs are hallucinogens, drugs that .change the way a person thinks and cause hallucinations, or visions. For some pe
43、ople, marijuana(大麻) is a mild hallucinogen. Marijuana generally brings a pleasant feeling. However, when people smoke marijuana, they sometimes can not concentrate very well on their activities, such as their work or driving.（分数：81.00）(1).What is the reason that too much tea drinking makes people ha
44、ve trouble sleeping? _（分数：16.20）填空项 1:_(2).What is the meaning of “alcohol-free“ ? _（分数：16.20）填空项 1:_(3).Mention the different functions of caffeine and alcohol. _（分数：16.20）填空项 1:_(4).What are the side-effects of amphetamines? _（分数：16.20）填空项 1:_(5).What does the word “hallucination“ mean? _（分数：16.20
45、）填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：45.00)In many ways, though, definition Of such skills is quite unnecessary for an analysis of policing. It is really most unlikely that the average police officer will ever in his career perform or even witness those detective skills that he h
46、as enjoyed in countless TV productions. The reason for this is simply that the vast majority of crimes are usually either very likely to be solved by routine investigation or they are very unlikely to be solved at all. Fortunately, the clear-up rate for serious crimes tends to be very high. Zander (
47、1979) has shown why. In his study of old bailey cases, the identity of the defendant(被告) seems to have been reasonably clear in 87% of cases. Morgan (1980 and ongoing) has shown that well over 92% of crimes known to the police are discovered by the public who provide the majority of decisive information. In Morgans study, crimes that were “solved“ contained in their crime files over twice the amount of qualitative information as crimes that were not “solved“. The various bits of information in the crime files were each rated by expe
