1、大学四级-1774 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1在大企业工作的特点2在小企业工作的特点3我的选择To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond?（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)To Save Trees, Fighting One Alien Insect with OthersRusty Rhea sighs wistfully as he talks abo
2、ut the beauty and peace of standing amid a grove (小树林) of deep green hemlocks in Appalachia, some of them up to 160 feet (50 meters) tall and more than 500 years old.“This is a very special tree,“ said Rhea, an entomologist for the U.S. Forest Services Forest Health Protection program in Asheville,
3、North Carolina. “I was brought up here, and I dont want to see another species go by the wayside.“The evergreen trees, a hallmark of southern Appalachias national parks, are under attack by an invasive insect barely visible to the eye but potent enough to fell the giants of the eastern United States
4、 old-growth forests.Already the tiny bug from Japan, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), has killed upward of 95 percent of the hemlocks in Virginias Shenandoah National Park. Now they are making their way through the half-million-plus-acre (200,000-plus-hectare) Great Smoky Mountains Nationa
5、l Park in North Carolina and Tennessee.The hemlocks shade streams, keeping water temperatures just right for brook trout(鲑鱼) and other fish. They also house birds such as the black-throated green warbler, solitary vireo, and northern goshawk, all three of which mainly shelter in stands of hemlock tr
6、ees.Because of the insects broad impact on the entire ecosystem of southern Appalachia, HWA stands to cause wider damage than the American chestnut blight(枯萎病) of the early 1900s. That fungus from Europe killed off the once dominant chestnut trees from the northeast United States to the southern App
7、alachian Mountains.In addition, a species related to HWA, the balsam woolly adelgid, has already killed about 90 percent of the mature Fraser fir trees in the Smokies.Acting QuicklyHWA arrived in the U.S. Pacific Northwest via nursery plants from Japan in 1924. By 1951 the tiny invader had been foun
8、d in Virginia. Since then the insect has spread to more than 15 U.S. states.The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly. Its already well established in the Great Smoky Mountains, where Rhea and others are trying to stem the spread of the bugs.HWA multiply quickly: All of the ins
9、ects are females that reproduce asexually (无性地), laying several hundred eggs a year. When they get to the nymph, or crawler, stage, they are dormant from about June until October, after which they emerge and establish themselves on trees.Winds and birds and other animals spread the crawlers through
10、the forest.HWA crawlers feed on the new growth of hemlocks by piercing the twigs that hold the branches, sucking the sap, and injecting toxic saliva. The needles turn from a deep green to a grayish green and eventually die, depriving the tree of nutrition from photosynthesis.An infected tree usually
11、 dies within five years of initial attack. Infection is signaled by either a white, cottonlike material that appears along a trees twigs or by the “baldness“ of a trees upper branches.Plans of AttackIn the Pacific Northwest the hemlocks seem to be tolerant of the creatures feeding, and in the cold n
12、ortheast, winters seem to keep them at bay. But in the warm southeast, with weather approximating that of the insects native Asian homes, they thrive.Chemical sprays-such as insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils as well as trunk or soil injections-have helped to kill some of the HWA infestations
13、.But spraying must be repeated every six months, and injections are expensive and last only two years at most. These methods cant be used conveniently or safely in remote areas or near the streams where hemlocks grow thickly.Long term, the best way to control the pests appears to be releasing other
14、insects that feed exclusively on HWA. Scientists have studied HWA in Japan and China and identified three such species. One of them, the Sasajiscymnus tsugae (St) beetle, was released in areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2002.Studying what controls a species in its native habitat-inclu
15、ding climate, predators, and host resistance-provided clues about which insects to use against HWA, said Kristine Johnson. Based in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, Johnson is a supervisory forester for Great Smoky Mountains National Park.“Biological control is the only long-term hope to save the trees in the
16、 backcountry(穷乡僻壤),“ she said. “We have 800 square miles (2,100 square kilometers) of contiguous wilderness. We value the native forest, and its entirely worth defending.“Risky BusinessReleasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could be risky business, potentially creating another type
17、of infestation. But scientists first quarantined and studied the HWA-killer insects.They believe the St beetles are the best answer to the HWA problem and that they wont cause side damage. This tiny black female beetle, the size of a poppy seed, is already spreading in the Great Smoky Mountains.But
18、the beetle and other HWA-killer insects are seasonal, so it will take several different ones operating year-round to keep HWA in check, Rhea said. He doesnt believe HWA will be completely eradicated (根除) but will instead be kept in balance by the predator insects. “Were trying to insert a balance in
19、 a system thats out of balance,“ he said.Each St beetle can lay 200 to 300 eggs, said Ernest Bernard, professor of entomology and plant pathology at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville.Bernards laboratory is one of several that are breeding the beetles.“Each beetle eats hundreds of baby adelgid
20、s a year,“ he said. And about 120,000 of the beetles have been released in the past couple years in the Smokies, but it is still too early to measure their impact.One good sign, Bernard said, is that some beetle larvae (幼虫) have been found in areas where they were not released, indicating that the H
21、WA killers may be reproducing and spreading.（分数：70.00）(1).The passage gives a general description of an invasive insect, HWA.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Hemlock is a hallmark of southern Appalachias national parks.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The invasive insect, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), is from Ja
22、pan.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).An infected tree usually dies immediately.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The Hemlock in the U.S. will be saved from HWA soon.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).The long term, best way to control the pests HWA is sprayi
23、ng.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Since 1951 the HWA has spread to more than _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could create _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).It will take several different insects operating year-round to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Se
24、ction A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）(1).A 1016. C 508.B 1060. D 580.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A Father and daughter. C Aunt and nephew.B Uncle and niece. D Cousins.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A She wasnt invited. C She altered her decision.B She
25、 wasnt ready to come. D She forgot the invitation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A The door needs repairing. C He couldnt open the door.B He bad lost all his keys. D He wanted the woman to help him.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A Shes rather happy to hear so. C Shes unhappy to hear so.B Shes disappointed to hear so. D
26、 Shes surprised to hear so.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A He thought it was a good ear. C He thought there was something wrong with the ear.B He thought it was too noisy. D He didnt like it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A In a car. C In a ship.B In a train. D In a Plane.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A Shell go to the concert
27、. C Shell watch her neighbors children.B Shell have a meeting. D Shell visit her neighbor.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A The early history of bookbinding. C Economical ways to protect old books.B How old books become valuable. D
28、Why some books decay.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A They are often handled improperly by readers. C The ink used in printing damages the paper.B The paper is destroyed by chemicals. D The glue used in the binding loses its strength.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A They are difficult to read. C They were not made from
29、 wood pulp.B They are slowly falling apart. D They should be stored, in a cold place.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A Get some books for the man to look at. C Continue her research in the library.B Ask the man to look over her notes. D Find more information on how books are preserved.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Question
30、s 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A Which major the woman will be choosing. C How to find a job in publishing.B An anthropology course the woman is taking. D Which anthropology professors the man recommends.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A It is not as difficult as she
31、 had thought it would be. C She took a class on it last semester.B She would like her professor to explain it more clearly. D Her professor will write a book on it soon.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A Her professor, C Her former boss.B A classmate. D A foreign diplomat.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：7
32、0.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just beard.（分数：21.00）(1).A Because nobody knew his address. C Because Penurys private life was a secret.B Because nobody knew his age. D Because Penury was still a bachelor at the age of forty-five.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A He did not
33、 spend money freely. C He had a luxurious ear.B He was always well-dressed. D He worked hard for a living.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A A photographer. C A reporter.B A burglar. D A professor.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A In 1809
34、. C In 1865.B In 1863. D In 1860.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A Four years. C Three years.B Five years. D Six years.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A A soldier. C A government officer.B A thief. D An actor.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.Because they didnt like Lincoln being their President.B.Because they wanted to set up their ow
35、n government.C.Because they disagreed with Lincoln on the abolishment of slavery.D.Because they wanted to stage a war against Lincolns government.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A 10 points. C 15 points.B 2 points. D 5 points.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.
36、D.(2).A They will take one of the six major tests, C They will be given a pop test.B They will have to write a composition. D They will be required to read a short story in class.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A An essay. C A poem.B A magazine article. D A short story.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.
37、00)Scientists have developed a new cancer drug. So far, they have tested it only on (36) animals. The drug is designed to (37) and kill cancer cells but not healthy cells.First, the drug enters the cancer and destroys the supply of blood. Then it releases (38) to destroy the cancer cells.Researchers
38、 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge carried out the study. The (39) appeared in Nature (40) . A school news release called the drug an “anti-cancer smart bomb.“Ram Sasisekharan is a professor at M.I.T. He says his team had to (41) three problems. They had to find a way to dest
39、roy the blood vessels, then to (42) the growth of new ones. But they also needed the blood vessels to supply chemicals to destroy the cancer.So, the researchers designed a two-part “nanocell“. The cell is (43) in nanometers, or one thousand millionth of a meter. (44) .The scientists say it was small
40、 enough to pass through the blood vessels of the cancer, but it was too big to enter normal blood vessels. The surface of the nanocells also helped them to avoid natural defenses.(45) That cut off the blood supply and trapped the nanocell inside the cancer. Then, the nanocell slowly released chemoth
41、erapy drugs to kill the cancer ceils.(46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and
42、tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for
43、any Canadian storm.Conventional computer models Of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come b
44、efore these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large r
45、egions than they do forecasting specific local events.Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts“, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the d
46、ifficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making det
47、ailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modem computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists (气象学者) and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interp
