1、大学四级-1786 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.人生中竞争很重要2然而，合作也很重要3我的看法（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)You Can Stay the Weight You WantThree years ago, at the age of 24, Deborah Whalley decided to get rid of the “80-pound backpack“ of extra weight she was carryi
2、ng on her five-foot-nine frame. It wasnt the first time that Whalley, a retail assistant manager in Toronto, had embarked on a diet.“I lost 30 pounds in Grade 9,“ she recalls. “Not only did I gain the weight back in short order, but I also put on about 50 extra pounds over the next nine years. “If y
3、ou ve ever been on a diet, you ve probably discovered, as Whalley did, that taking off extra pounds is a lot easier than keeping them off. In fact, 95 percent of people who lose weight end up gaining it back.Cycling back and forth between higher and lower weights is not just demoralizing, however. “
4、Theres some evidence that yo-yoing within a 20-or 30-pound range puts more stress on your heart than carrying those 20 or 30 extra pounds,“ says Stephen Cunnane, a professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Toronto.So how do you maintain the lower weight you achieve after dieting? Resear
5、chers and doctors who have studied the five percent of dieters who keep the weight off have found common threads in their approaches and attitudes. Here are the secrets to their success:Listen to Your HeartAccording to Linda McCargar, professor of human nutrition at the University of Alberta and one
6、 of Canadas leading experts on the effects of yo-yo dieting, youre much more likely to succeed if your motivation comes from within-a desire to take better care of yourself, or “a significant emotional event that causes you to re-evaluate your lifestyle choices. “ Endocrinologist Ronnie Aronson, who
7、 runs three Lifestyle Metabolism centers in Ontario, suggests small behavioral changes, such as taking after-dinner walks, to get into the self-motivation mind-set.“People who use pressure from their partner or doctor to kick-start weight loss are more likely to fail,“ adds Aronson.Plan to Beat Temp
8、tationIf you know you have, say, a family reunion coming up, complete with buffet meals, you need to develop coping strategies before youre “surrounded by temptation,“ says Susan Cantwell, a wellness trainer based in Fredericton. For example, you might picture yourself choosing only one serving of s
9、crambled eggs and a single slice of lightly buttered toast from the breakfast buffet. Do this exercise for a few days in a row and your mental imagery becomes your ally.Cantwell cautions against battling too much temptation during the early weeks of a weight-loss effort. “For the first 30 days or so
10、, I tell my clients to say no to invitations that spell temptation, such as coffee at your favorite dessert hangout,“ she says. “After the first month, it becomes safer to accept such invitations-as long as you do some mental preparation for them. “Its more than NumbersCantwell says long-term succes
11、s is much more likely if the goal is the new behavior pattern itself- getting to the gym, for instance-rather than the figure on the bathroom scale. In fact, she suggests doing away with the scale altogether: “Its a poor indicator of increasing fitness and body tone. “Cantwell drew on her ten years
12、of experience in getting people to change ingrained habits for her book Mind over Matter: Personal Choices for a Lifetime of Fitness. Her thesis, Setbacks plague people who are trying to change, and the key to staying on track in the face of these inevitable setbacks is to make “a daily commitment t
13、o your new behaviors, regardless of what happened yesterday. “Take it Slow“No more than two pounds a week and no fewer than 1,100 calories a day,“ is Aronsons rule of thumb. “Extreme self-denial doesnt work. It usually leads to an escape from the self-denial. “Another problem with extreme caloric de
14、privation is that your basal metabolic rate will drop temporarily while youre on this regimen, says McCargar. “You wont burn as much fuel, calorie for calorie, as you would on a more moderate diet. “Honor Your PreferencesWhen youve lost weight and youre in the weight-maintenance phase, Aronson says,
15、 its important to create a regimen you can follow for the rest of your life. “If you adore chocolates, then you need to build the occasional taste of chocolate into your eating plan. Otherwise, you run the risk of not being able to stop after you have one. “This philosophy helped Whalley eventually
16、maintain her weight loss. Rather than give up her favorite cheesecake and fast foods, she buys or prepares lighter versions and occasionally treats herself to a serving of the real McCoy. “Theres no single food thats off-limits for me,“ she says. “Its a question of how much and how often. “Be a Prot
17、ein PalCalorie for calorie, protein is more satisfying than fat, so people on protein-rich diets tend to feel more full on the same number of calories, says Angelo Tremblay, a metabolism researcher at Laval University in Quebec City. “Youre less likely to overstep your caloric requirements if your d
18、iet has high protein content,“ he says. Conversely, fats and alcohol are least likely to make you feel sated. “You can have a lot of them and still not feel full, which increases the likelihood youll overeat. “Stephen Cunnane says that fiber-rich foods also promote a feeling of fullness or satiety.
19、So, eating more fiber should help you eat less food.Move It or Gain It BackReferring to a U. S. registry of successful dieters-people who lost an average of 66 pounds and kept it off for five years-McCargar says the behavior that most consistently distinguished the successful dieters was regular phy
20、sical activity. Those who had embarked on an exercise program involving at least 2,500 extra calories in energy output weekly (equal to about five hours of vigorous aerobic exercise) fared especially well.“Your body has a tendency to stay lean when you exercise regularly,“ says Peter Jones, a profes
21、sor at McGill Universitys School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition. “Even if you eat more, the energy you use for physical activity seems to more than compensate for the increased food intake. Exercise also leads to greater muscle mass, which uses extra calories to maintain itself. “Aronson has also
22、observed that successful weight maintainers tend to incorporate physical activity into their everyday lifestyle rather than just devote a few blocks of time to formal exercise. For example, they walk upstairs instead of taking the elevator or park farther away from the mall door.Find a Cheerleader“N
23、ext to exercise,“ concludes McCargar, “having social support from family, friends or community group stands out as key to long-term weight maintenance. “When youre just starting out on a new eating and exercising plan-an especially vulnerable period-Cantwell suggests asking a friend to call periodic
24、ally to cheer you on. “Just make sure that that friend doesnt let you off the hook too easily!/（分数：70.00）(1).For most people, taking off extra pounds is much easier than keeping them off.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Medical treatment can help people stay the weight they want.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Only five per
25、cent of dieters can keep the weight off.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to Susan Cantwell, it is important for dieters to do some mental preparation for invitations to meals.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).In order to lose weight, dieters should give up their favorite foods.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Eating more fiber c
26、ould help you eat less food.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Successful weight maintainers tend to incorporate physical activity into their everyday lifestyle.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).People who use pressure from their partner or doctor to kick-start weight loss are more likely to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).When youre in
27、the weight-maintenance phase, its important to create _ you can follow for the rest of you life.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Your body has _ to stay lean when you exercise regularly.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. The man enjoys traveling by car. B. The
28、man lives far from the subway.C. The man is good at driving. D. The man used to own a car.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Tony should continue taking the course. B. She approves of Tonys decision.C. Tony can choose another science course. D. She cant meet Tony so early in the morning.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A.
29、 They will be replaced by on-line education expands.B. They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands.C. They will continue to exist along with on-line education.D. They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Most students would like to work for a newsp
30、aper.B. Most students find a job by reading advertisement.C. Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate.D. Most students dont want jobs advertisement in the newspapers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Move the washing machine to the basement.B. Turn the basement into a workshop.C. Repair the
31、 washing machine.D. Finish his assignment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Some students at the back cannot hear the professor.B. The professor has changed his reading assignment.C. Some of the students are not on the professors list.D. The professor has brought extra copies of his assignment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.
32、D.(2).A. Talking about sports. B. Writhing up local news.C. Reading newspapers. D. Putting up advertisements.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They shouldnt change their plan. B. Theyd better change their mind.C. The tennis game wont last long. D. Weather forecasts are not reliable.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions
33、19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. How to study English well. B. Which courses to choose.C. How to write computer games. D. Which hooks to read.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Physical sciences. B. Maths and physics.C. Art and design. D. Electronics and computer-prog
34、ramming.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Her English is very good. B. She is interested in English.C. Her English writing is poor. D. Her oral English is bad.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Applying for a work experience. B. Applying for
35、a part-time job.C. Taking an exam. D. Visiting an old friend.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Students in the first half of their course.B. Students who will graduate soon.C. Students in the second half of their courses.D. Students who have just graduated from universities.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Explaining
36、the procedures to the students.B. Working regular hours.C. Writing a comprehensive report.D.Sending a report about the womans work.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. In two weeks. B. In three weeks.C. In the second half of her course. D. Not decided yet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQu
37、estions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. The English. B. The Dutch.C. American Indians. D. Blacks from Africa.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Over 210 million. B. Less than 200 million.C. Around 40 million. D. About 140 million.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. There are more Ame
38、rican Indians than Blacks in the U. S.B. A large portion of American Blacks now live in the southwest.C. The first immigrants to America were English and Dutch.D. African Blacks came earlier than either the English or the Dutch.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are bused on the passage
39、you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Keeping warm and dry. B. Drinking a lot of liquid.C. Living close to the hospital. D. Kissing the nose of an animal.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Men who live in windy areas. B. Women who volunteered to stay outside.C. Travelers who take showers. D. People who are unde
40、r stress.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because cold viruses can endure unfavorable climates.B. Because winters are wet and cold.C. Because people tend to stay more time indoors.D. Because the disease may be caused by contaminated foods.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the pass
41、age you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Dates and names that cannot be verified. B. Unusual works of art.C. Articles written by previous historians. D. Significant events and influential people.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They are few in number.B. They provide a lot of information about ordinary people
42、.C. They depict important historical events.D. They have clues about the social role of artists.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Their playthings. B. Some money.C. Their relatives hands. D. Their shoes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The location of the house. B. The social and economic status of the family.C. The t
43、ypes of games children played. D. The profession of the owner of the house.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)When we choose Italy as our holiday destination, decide to buy a German car, support the policies of the Swedish government or criticize those of the American one, we are not only i
44、nfluenced by stereotype, we express a preference for brands. These brands, however, are much stronger than Coca-Cola or Nike, as we are talking here about the brands of the nations. According to Anhoh-GMI, authors of National Brands Index. “nation brand“ is an important concept especially now, in th
45、e times of (36) , when countries compete with each other for the attention, respect and trust of (37) , tourists and consumers. To recognize the strongest brand, five million consumers were asked to score 11 countries on six points- (38) , governance, people, culture, investment and exports.So, what
46、 are the results? Well, Americans are seen as (39) , Russians are considered (40) , we love holidays in Italy, we trust the British, but the winner is. Sweden, as the Swedish scored the highest marks across all points. “Sweden is (41) admired for a combination of (42) and responsible governance, hon
47、est and (43) people, successful cultural exports, a prime location for investment, and yet isnt seen as boring or predictable, but young and dynamic“-the report says. “Sweden is the country that nobody minds. “Perhaps to the surprise of many nations, Britain conies second in the survey. The Brits ar
48、e considered (44) . The belief that we respond to nation brands in a similar way as we react to Nike or Nestle is supported by the fact that, some opinions shown in the report are based on our overall feelings rather than rational reasons. For example, (45) , and South Korea scored pretty low in the survey, not due to any logical reasons but simply because many respondents confused it with its Northern neighbor. However, it is not South Korea which got the poorest scores. The struggling brands are Turkey and Russia. The former is bottom of the list and the latter
