1、大学四级-1845 及答案解析(总分：396.40，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.人们对大学生打工的不同看法2. 大学生究竟是否应该打工（分数：1.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：2，分数：77.00)2.In order to manage your work more efficiently, one is supposed to turn to _ for more suggestions, according to some experts.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_The Australian st
2、ate of Victoria is investing in a program to identify new opportunities for its food and agriculture industries. As part of this initiative the government conducted extensive research to identify which attributes of a food product are most important to consumers.As income levels rise and education l
3、evels improve, consumers around the world are becoming interested in more than just the price and quality of the food they eat. Indeed, some consumers are now willing to pay extra money for food with a special nutritional or health benefit. In addition, some consumers are also choosing food based on
4、 how it was produced, including the environmental and ethical impact of production. Victorias Department of Primary Industries designed and researched a report that analyzes preferences for food products with “trust“ attributes, specifically food safety, clean food, green food, animal welfare and et
5、hical food production. The report also determines the relative importance of the five nominated “ trust“ attributes and evaluates their importance in relation to non-trust attributes, such as price and quality.“Consumers are becoming increasingly insightful when making purchasing decisions, and Vict
6、orias ability to demonstrate the trustworthiness of food products will be vital to maintain consumer confidence in priority export markets,“ the report says.Between February and June 2004, the DPI interviewed 280 food industry shareholders, including retailers, wholesalers, foodservice managers, imp
7、orters, distributors, and representatives of government, industry bodies and non-government organizations, in 21 of Victorias major food markets, including France, Japan, the UK and the US.The research found, perhaps unsurprisingly, that price, quality and food safety wee the most important factors
8、for consumers, with each factor ranked as the most important by 18%22% of respondents (回答者). In fourth place, 8% of respondents felt taste flavor was the most important attribute of a food product for consumers, while 6% thought freshness was most important, and 3% thought the appearance packaging w
9、as most important. Health nutrition, brand image, and clean chemical free wee each considered most important by just 1%2% of interviewees. Food safety tops the listOf the five specified “trust“ factorsfood safety, clean food, green food, animal welfare and ethical food productionfood safety was rank
10、ed as being of high or very high importance to their organization by 95 % of respondents. It is not just consumers that food safety is important to, as one Japanese wholesaler observed “Hi has taken a long time to build our reputation for reliability with our customers and just one accident would ca
11、use us to lose everything, especially if consumers are harmed. “Clean food was ranked second in importance among the specified trust factors, with 90% of respondents rating clean food as being of high or very high importance to their organization. However, just 63% of respondents said clean food was
12、 of high or very high importance to consumers. The survey also found that there was regional variation in the definition of clean food some respondents thought it should include Halal production methods, while others thought clean food should also be fee of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).Ethi
13、cs was ranked fairly high in importance to organizations, but was considered less important to consumers. While 82% of respondents rated ethics as being of high or very high importance to their organization, just 31% considered ethics to be of high or very high importance to consumers. Another findi
14、ng was that ethics included many of the other trust factors, as a German government representative pointed out:“This issue covers a little of everything. It depends on the producer and on the way people, animals and the environment are treated. It depends on personal values. “Paying an extra cost fo
15、r ethical foodsThe researchers found that the importance of ethics varied according to what aspect was mentioned: The proving of claims made on product labels was considered to be of higher importance than issues such as workers rights, corporate responsibility and local sourcing, because it is an i
16、ssue that has impact on the consumer directly.Green food was ranked relatively low in importance, with just 50% of respondents rating it as being of high or very high importance to their organization, and just 19% rating it as being of high or very high importance to consumers. Many respondents cite
17、d low consumer awareness and lack of consumer interest, and some said they believed consumers were unwilling to pay a higher price for green food products, reflecting the overall finding that higher importance is attached to factors that has impact directly on consumers.“Consumers claim to want the
18、choice, but the category has been disappointing, leading to oversupply and price pressures for high cost producers. Price always seems to focus the Dutch minds,“ said one global retailer based in the Netherlands.There was also some variation in opinions about what exactly constitutes green food, wit
19、h several respondents seeing it as synonymous with organic production. Of issues associated with green food, organic production was seen as the most important to consumers, while impact on the environment, ecosystem health, bio-diversity and environmental management practices were rated relatively l
20、ow in importance.Gap between theory and practiceAnimal welfare was another low-rated trust factor, with 43% of respondents rating it as being of high or very high importance to organizations, and just 15% considering it to be of high or very high importance to consumers. Again, respondents pointed t
21、o low consumer awareness, lack of consumer interest and an unwillingness to pay an extra cost for “animal friendly“ products. Many respondents also said there was a gap between what consumers say and what they do when it comes to purchasing behavior related to animal welfare issues.“This is a comple
22、x issueit is of low importance to consumers in terms of translation into action, but high in terms of a discussion topic. A gap exists between theory and practice,“ said a representative of a non-government organization in India.However, the importance of animal welfare could be raised if there was
23、a direct impact that can be seen on the consumer, for example where handling or feeding administrations affect product quality or food safety, as an airline catering supplier in Singapore illustrated “Animal welfare is important only in that it contributes to the quality of the product. The way the
24、animal is treated and fed is crucial to the quality of the end product. “New approachOverall, respondents identified that consumers are more concerned about factors that affect them directly, such as food safety. Although consumers are considered to be generally less concerned about issues such as a
25、nimal welfare and environmental management practices, these issues are not insignificant as they assume much greater importance when they have the potential to affect food quality or when public concern is heightened by specific interest groups or media reports.According to Bob Cameron, Victorias mi
26、nister for agriculture, the governments aim in carrying out such research was to develop new approaches to improve Victorias access to international markets. It will be interesting to see how this information is used, and how it influences future product development.（分数：70.00）(1).The Australian stat
27、e of Victoria is putting money in a program for the purpose of _. A. finding out new approaches to ensue food safety in AustraliaB. identifying which attributes of a food product is most important to consumersC. finding out new opportunities for its food and agriculture industriesD. identifying what
28、 has caused food safety problems in Australia（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Now some consumers are willing to pay extra money for food with a special _. A. health benefit or a special flavor B. nutritional or environmental benefitC. health or environmental benefit D. nutritional or health benefit（分数：7.00）A.B.
29、C.D.(3).What were the most important factors for consumers, according to the DPIs research in 2004?A. Price, quality and ethics. B. Price, quality and freshness.C. Price, quality and food safety. D. Price, quality and band image.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Concerning the definition of clean food, the surve
30、y found _. A. it should be free of GMOs B. it should include Halal production methodsC. it was varied among different regions D. it should be free of chemical fertilizer（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Among all the ethical issues of food, what was considered to be of higher importance than issues such as worke
31、rs rights?A. The proving of claims on product labels.B. Local sourcing.C. Corporate responsibility. D. Workers personal values.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).As it was indicated by the respondents, green food was ranked relatively low in importance because of _.A. peoples willingness to pay a higher price for
32、 green food productsB. low consumer awareness and lack of consumer interestsC. the little impact green food products have on consumersD. consumers disappointment in green food products（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Under what condition could the importance of animal welfare be raised?A. When the gap between w
33、hat consumers say and what they do disappears.B. When the airline catering supplier in Singapore handles its problem properly.C. When animals are treated so crucially that it hurts consumers feelings.D. When there was a direct impact that can be seen on the consumer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Food safety,
34、 clean food, green food, animal welfare and ethical food production are classified as the _ of food products in the DPI research.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Of issues associated with green food, consumers took _ as the most important.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Animal welfare was a low-rated trust factor partly be
35、cause consumers were reluctant to pay extra money for _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：119.00)(1).A. A birthday present. B. A class assignment.C. A detective story. D. A jewelry store robbery.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The professor did not like her story.B. She
36、 was taking too many courses.C. She did not like the topic she had chosen tot her paper.D. She had trouble finishing her assignment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Take some extra time.B. Put down whatever ideas she has first.C. Do some work for another course.D. Write the story ending first.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.
37、D.(4).A. To do research for her story. B. To go shopping.C. To meet her professor. D. To take a break from her work.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about w
38、hat was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single li
39、ne through the centre.（分数：35.00）(1).A. He fell ill on the jet plane. B. He has been working too hard.C. He went to bed too late last night. D. He hasnt adapted to the new time yet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The man doesnt have a strong enough will.B. The man loves horror films.C. The man will see the f
40、ilm anyway.D. The man studied for the whole night last night.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Not to worry about the ticket. B. Buy a ticket at a higher price.C. Book an air ticket in advance. D. Wait for others to cancel their booking.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The young man had some unusual problems.B. The pr
41、oblem is common for young people.C. Its not common for young men to leave home.D. It was a problem for John when he left home.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. The man will have no choices left.B. The man had better go there quickly.C. The man should go when he has spare time.D. The books are a bit scratched
42、and are of poor quality.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. He can count on his friends for help. B. His friend will not help him at all.C. He can ask for help from his friend. D. Everyone in his class can help him.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Excited B. Embarrassed. C. Worried. D. Relieved.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. S
43、urprise visits are acceptable among close friends.B. Surprise visits are not welcome even among close friends.C. People expect even their close friends to call them before their visits.D. Dropping in on your friends is considered good manners.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Animals will soon be allowed in M
44、r. Smiths building.B. Mr. Smith is allergic to dogs.C. She also plans to get a pet.D. Mr. Smith will get a lift to his apartment from a friend.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. The woman doesnt need to join the chess club.B. The woman needs lots of time to play chess.C. Hes not a very good chess player himsel
45、f.D. Hes willing to teach the woman how to play chess.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A Once a week. C Five every month.B Three every month. D Two every month（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A When there are more than twelve people. C When there are fifteen people.B When there are five people. D When there are more than f
46、ifteen people.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A Call the office. C Pay the money.B sign your name on the notice board in advance. D There is no need to reserve a place.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：4，分数：84.00)(1).A. Differences and similarities between two cultures.B. American culture.C. Japanese culture.D.
47、 The integration of two cultures.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Ancient. B. Complexity.C. Individualistic. D. Homogeneous population.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Their comprehensiveness. B. Their complexity.C. Their abstruseness. D. Their openness.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A) Characteristics of Japanese artists. C)
48、The art of Japanese brush painting.B) Some features of Japanese culture. D) The uniqueness of Japanese art.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) To calm themselves down. C) To show their impatience.B) To enhance concentration. D) To signal lack of interest.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. How listeners in different cultur
49、es show respect.B. How speakers can win approval from the audience.C. How speakers can misunderstand the audience.D. How different Western and Eastern art forms are.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. For not providing information about nuclear radiation leaks.B. For a lack of transparency and failing to provide information more quickly.C. For making a num
