1、大学英语六级 124 及答案解析(总分：427.99，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Euthanasia Be Legalized? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 1安乐死应该合法化； 2安乐死不应合法化； 3我的观点。
2、分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Does Genetic Research Threaten Our Civil Liberties? The Current Genetic Research The science of genetics is a flourishing new industry, nourished in large part by the federally funded Human Genome Project. The goal of this ambitious research endeavor is
3、to identify every gene found in the human body, perhaps 100,000 in all. Several months ago, the U.S. government and a private corporation announced that they had “completed“ the “map“ of the genome, although actually there are still many gaps. Much related research focuses on genetic diagnostics tes
4、ts designed to identify genes thought to be associated with various medical conditions. More than 50 new genetic tests have been identified in the past five years alone. The increasing speed, sophistication, affordability, and interconnectivity of computer systems allow the rapid monitoring and matc
5、hing of many millions of records. A 1994 benchmark study by the ACLU found that “concerns about personal privacy run deep among the American people“. The promotion of an ideology of geneticization fosters the belief that genes are determinative of an individuals behavior, character, and future. Capi
6、talist economic relations have created a scramble (争夺) for venture capital, the altering of patent laws, and calls for mass genetic testing by researchers who trade on the old image of the altruistic scientist to mask their conflicts of interest in testing labs, patents, consulting contracts, etc. T
7、he Technological Society Technologies are not value-neutral; they usually embody the perspectives, purposes, and political objectives of powerful social groups. The dominant ideology in Western society proclaims that science and technology are value-neutral, and the only problems caused by technolog
8、ies are either “externalities“ (unintended side effects) or abuses. However, because technologies are the result of human interventions into the otherwise natural progression of activities (and not acts of God or of nature), they are themselves actually imbued with human intentions and purposes. Cur
9、rent technologies do not equally benefit all segments of society (and indeed are not intended to do so), although to maximize public support for these developments and to minimize potential opposition, their proponents rarely acknowledge these distributional ramifications (分歧). The United States is
10、a society in which the differential access to wealth and power has been exacerbated during recent years. Thus, those people with more power can determine the kinds of technological developments that are researched and implemented. Because of their size, scale, and requirements for capital investment
11、s and for knowledge, modern technologies are powerful interventions into the natural order. They tend to be the mechanisms by which already powerful groups extend, manifest, and further consolidate their powers. Thus, technologies themselves are not neutral; they are social and political phenomena.
12、Genetic technologies and computerization exhibit these characteristics, and reflect power differentials in the society. The results of technological advancement appear to offer a good futurecapabilities of enhanced surveillance (监视) and control over people and events, as well as promises of perfecti
13、onism (thus leading to both a loss of privacy and increased opportunities for discrimination by powerful entities). Predictability will replace a tolerance for natural variation and diversity. Loss of Privacy Genetic privacy, like medical privacy in general, involves notions of the dignity and integ
14、rity of the individual. Is data accurate? Can individuals access their own files? Can the donor correct inaccurate data? Are the custodians faithful and are technical security systems protecting the data where possible? Does die individual have control over which third parties are allowed access, an
15、d under what conditions? -Infant blood tests are stored in database. The U.S. Department of Defense insists on taking DNA samples from all its personnel, ostensibly for identification of those killed in action and body parts from military accidents despite the fact that the samples are to be kept fo
16、r 50 years (long after people have left active duty). The program includes civilian employees. The agency refuses to issue regulations barring all third party use, and the Department will not accept waivers (弃权声明) from the next of kin (最近的亲属) of subjects not wanting to donate tissues. -The FBI has b
17、een promoting the genetic screening of criminals to establish state DNA identification data banks to be used in criminal investigations; indeed, Federal legislation penalizes states fiscally if they dont participate, and now all do. Yet the data includes samples from those whose crimes have low reci
18、divism (累犯) rates or dont leave tissue samples; in some states people merely accused are forced into the program, and in others there are politicians calling for an expansion along these lines, despite the Constitutional presumption of innocence. -Infant blood samples, from the heel-sticks used to d
19、etermine blood type and test for PKU, are stored as “Guthrie blots“. California alone has more than seven million in its repository. The American Civil Liberties Union advocates that “the decision to undergo genetic screening is purely personal“ and it should not be “subject to control or compulsion
20、 by third parties“ or the government. And “where a person has intentionally undergone genetic screening procedures there must be no disclosure of findings to third parties without the express and informed consent of the subject given after the results of the screening are made known to the subject a
21、nd upon such times and conditions as the subject may require.“ Yet patients records “are commodities for sale,“ in the words of the New York Times a few years ago, and a panel of the U.S. National Research Council has warned that the computerized medical records of millions of citizens are open to m
22、isuse and abuse. Genetic Discrimination Genetic discrimination is the other major civil liberty threatened by genetic research. Scientists working with the Council for Responsible Genetics have documented hundreds of cases where healthy people have been denied insurance or employment based on geneti
23、c “predictions.“ Of course, relatively few genetic diseases are deterministic; most tests (which have inherent limits themselves) cannot tell us if a genetic mutation will become manifest; if it does do so, it cannot tell us when in life this will occur; and if it happens, how severe the condition w
24、ill be. In addition, many genetic conditions can be controlled or treated by interventions and environmental changes. The growth of the mania (狂热) for testing in the U.S. is a manifestation of class relationships, through new technological possibilities: Employers test employees, insurance companies
25、 and health organizations test patients, college officials test students, legislators pass bills to test a variety of disempowered groups (welfare recipients, prisoners, immigrants and the like). Such indignities are never foisted upon the ruling class by the masses. Federal rules for medical privac
26、y (including genetic information) were announced in August 2000, after weaker proposals by the Clinton Administration received a great deal of criticism. While providing standards for the disclosure of bio-information, the rules require that the patient only receive notice, not give consent; thus, t
27、here still would not be full patient control over sensitive information. The President has also announced his support of a Federal bill which would prohibit health insurance providers from using any type of genetic information for making decisions about whether to cover a person or what premium to c
28、harge. This legislation would address some of the discrimination problems which have been occurring. And he has issued an Executive Order barring genetic discrimination in Federal employment. Conclusion Beyond the risks of discrimination and loss of privacy, however, societys fascination with geneti
29、c determinism has other social and political consequences. An overemphasis on the role of genes in human health neglects environmental and social factors, thus contributing to the image of people with “defective“ genes as “damaged goods“. This, in effect, encourages a “blame the victim“ mindset, dir
30、ectly contrary to the public policy embodied in the Americans with Disabilities Act, now 10 years old. Economic and social resources end up being diverted into finding biomedical “solutions“ while social measures get badly needed. Although new technologies claim to offer us more “freedom“, they real
31、ly can threaten our civic values. This is certainly true of the new biology. （分数：71.00）(1).New technologies do not benefit everyone equally.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The U.S. Department of Defense bars third-party use of employees DNA samples.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).FBI criminal data includes DNA sample
32、s collected from the convicted as well as the accused.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Genetic engineering technology is helpful to improve peoples health conditions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The goal of the Human Genome Project is to_.（分数：7.10）_(6).Technologies are not value-neutral but are_ phenomena.（分数：7.10）
33、7).Genetic privacy is as real a concern as_ for the dignity and integrity of the individual.（分数：7.10）_(8).Many healthy people have been denied insurance or employment because of_.（分数：7.10）_(9).The growing fascination with genetic testing in the U.S. partly reflects_.（分数：7.10）_(10).Besides genes,_
34、factors also play a role in our fate.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Furnished apartments will cost more.B.The apartment can be furnished easily.C.The apartment is just what the man is looking for.D.She can provide the man with the apartment he needs.A.Mr. Johnsons ideas are nonsen
35、se.B.He quite agrees with Mr. Johnsons views.C.Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D.He shares the womans views on social welfare.A.Study in a quiet place.B.Improve her grades gradually.C.Change the conditions of her dorm.D.Avoid distractions while study in her dorm.A.It has been put off.B.I
36、t has been cancelled.C.It will be held in a different place.D.It will be rescheduled to attract more participants.A.Janet loves the beautiful landscape of Australia very much.B.Janet is very much interested in architecture.C.Janet admires the Sydney Opera House very much.D.Janet thinks its a shame f
37、or anyone hot to visit Australia.A.It is based on a lot of research.B.It can be finished in a few weeks time.C.It has drawn criticism from lots of people.D.It falls short of her supervisors expectations.A.Karen is very forgetful.B.He knows Karen better now.C.Karen is sure to pass the interview.D.The
38、 woman should have reminded Karen earlier.A.Ask Joe to apologize to the professor for her.B.Skip the class to prepare for the exam.C.Tell the professor shes lost her voice.D.Attend the lecture with the man.A.The man will go in for business right after high school.B.The woman is not happy with the ma
39、ns decision.C.The man wants to be a business manager.D.The woman is working in a kindergarten.A.They stay closed until summer comes.B.They cater chiefly to tourists.C.They are busy all the year round.D.They provide quality service to their customers.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The apartment is too
40、far from the campus.B.The apartment needs a lot of repair work.C.Shes having trouble with the owner of the apartment.D.Her roommate wont share expenses.A.The women didnt pay their rent on time.B.She cant find anyone to repair the dishwasher.C.She had to buy a new dishwasher.D.Paula had some repairs
41、done without her permission.A.He has some knowledge of the law.B.He had the same problem.C.He knows the owner.D.He can bring a lawsuit against the owner.A.At 10:00.B.At 8:00.C.At 7:30.D.At 8:30.A.Its only open to poetry majors.B.It requires another course first.C.Its already full.D.Its only offered
42、in the morning.A.The class meets during his working hours.B.The class is too far away.C.He has another class at the same time.D.Hes already familiar with the material.A.Its courses cost less.B.It has a pool.C.The class size is smaller.D.It may offer the course he needs during the day.五、Section B(总题数
43、3，分数：10.00)A.Because men are seldom seen in the forest.B.Because tigers are afraid of something.C.Because men are not edible.D.Because men shout aloud.A.The man seems to have no back and from the side can barely be seen.B.The man is smaller than the tiger itself.C.The man smells bad.D.The man looks
44、 very much like a deer.A.Because men are less likely to be well armed when they bend.B.Because men seem more obedient when they bend.C.Because men more closely resembles a medium-sized deer when they bend.D.Because men are cutting grass when they bend.A.Her family is extremely rich.B.Her family is a
45、n unhappy one.C.They are accustomed to their life.D.They long for a change in their life.A.Selfish and cruel.B.Friendly and kind.C.Beautiful and proud.D.Rich and nice.A.Poor but brave.B.Friendly and talkative.C.A teacher liked by all her pupils.D.An example her children should follow.A.The writers f
46、amily is the poorest one on that street.B.Watching the rich girl eating cookies, those hungry children cried.C.The writer wants to move out of that district.D.The writer hopes that her children will become teachers.A.They give out faint cries.B.They make noises to drive away insects.C.They extend th
47、eir water pipes.D.They become elastic like rubber bands.A.Quiet plants.B.Well-watered plantsC.Healthy plants.D.Thirsty plants.A.They could drive the insects away.B.They could keep the plants well-watered.C.They could make the plants grow faster.D.They could build devices to trap insects.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Library of Congress is Americas national library. It has millions of books and other objects. It has newspapers, (36)
