1、大学英语六级 141 及答案解析(总分：448.04，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Fake Commodities. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in English; 1. What is fake commodity? 2. The harm of fake
2、commodity. 3. How to put an end to fake commodities? （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Water Problems Wheres the water? Water. If youve got it, you probably take it for granted. But a quick look at the globe and a chat with the tiny group of researchers who are worrying about fresh water
3、 both indicate that water shortages are very serious. And they arent necessarily in the future, either. Heres what weve read in the past week or so. . Mexico City (home to 20 million people) is sinking because the city sucks out underground water faster than the aquifer can be refilled. . Florida wa
4、nts to refill its overpumped aquifer (蓄水层) with untreated surface water, despite federal regulations to the contrary. . Texas is moving toward private, for-profit water sales. The water will be “mined“ from aquifers that are disappearing fast. No word on what the private suppliers, including corpora
5、te raider T. Boone Pickens, will do once the aquifers run dry. . Aquifers around the world are being overtapped for irrigated agriculture, which fills about 40 percent of the global larder. . The Bush Administration has withdrawn a proposed tightening of the arsenic standard for drinking water. Crit
6、ics say the old rule, dating to 1942, could allow thousands of cases of cancer and other diseases. Meanwhile, in Bangladesh, whats been called the “largest poisoning of a population in history“ has 35 to 77 million people drinking arsenic-laced water. . A showdown is looming over the Tigris (底格里斯河)
7、and Euphrates Rivers (幼发拉底河), which originate in Turkey, then water both Syria and Iraq. If Turkey goes ahead with a series of dams, the downriver nations could starve. You dont miss your water, an old blues sage wisely said, until your well runs dry. Down here on planet Earth, the well is starting
8、to run dry. We ve seen projections that three billion people half of todays population will be short of water in 2025. Places short of water Seen from a global water map, water is shortest in equatorial countries, often where populations are rising. Here are some examples of countries facing water s
9、hortage problem. China, with 1.26 billion people, is “the one area worrying most people most of the time,“ says Marq de Villiers, author of the recently published “Water “. In dry Northern China, he says, “the water table is dropping one meter per year due to overpumping, and the Chinese admit that
10、300 cities are running short. They are diverting water from agriculture and farmers are going out of business.“ Some Chinese rivers are so polluted with heavy metals that they cant be used for irrigation, he adds. “They re disgraceful, unusable, industrial sewers,“ says de Villiers. As farmers go ou
11、t of business, China will have to import more food. In India, home to 1.002 billion people, key aquifers are being overpumped, and the soil is growing saltier through contamination with irrigation water. Irrigation was a key to increasing food production in India during the green revolution, and as
12、the population surges toward a projected 1.363 billion in 2025, its crops will continue to depend on clean water and clean soil. Israel (population 6.2 million), invented many water-conserving technologies, but water withdrawals still exceed resupply. Overpumping of aquifers along the coast is allow
13、ing seawater to pollute drinking water. Like neighboring Jordan, Israel is largely dependent on the Jordan River for fresh water. Water Fight Egypt, whose population of 68 million may reach 97 million by 2025, gets essentially no rainfall. All agriculture is irrigated by seasonal floods from the Nil
14、e River, and from water stored behind the Aswan High Dam. Any interference with water flow by Sudan or Ethiopia could starve Egypt. “The Nile is one I worry about,“ says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project. Egypt, she says, is militarily powerful but vulnerable. “The hydropoli
15、tics might favor some military action, because Egypt is so heavily dependent on the Nile, its already virtually tapping out the supply, and Ethiopia is now getting interested in developing the headwaters.“ When a World Bank official suggested several years ago that water wars are not far off, he mig
16、ht have had Egypt on his mind or Turkey, Syria and Iraq, another trio of Middle-Eastern states that are locked in an uncomfortable embrace over water. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers both rise in Turkey and flow unimpeded to Syria and Iraq, where they provide the bulk of irrigation water needed in t
17、he arid climate. Turkey has proposed a series of dams that would reduce river flow. That causes alarm downstream. Cooperation on water Despite the potential for fights over water, shortages can increase cooperation as well as friction. Jordan and Israel closely cooperate on the preservation of the J
18、ordan River. Author de Villiers says water shortages, rather than exacerbating tensions in the Middle East, “have brought them together“ although we wouldnt overstate the degree of cooperation. Egypt stores a great amount of Nile water behind the Aswan High Dam, but the high rate of evaporation in t
19、he desert is an incentive to transfer the storage upstream, where, according to Postel, it would evaporate one-third as fast. Although that would leave more water to be shared, Egypt would never allow Ethiopia to build dams without assurances of a steady water supply in drought years. Although there
20、s no agreement yet, theres been some cooperation, Postel says. “Ethiopia and Egypt meet about water every year, trying to work toward a watersharing arrangement something they would not have considered 10 years ago.“ There are other reasons for optimism about the generally dismal water situation. Fo
21、r example, total U.S. usage has dropped 20 percent from a peak in 1980. De Villiers says some underdeveloped countries are likewise reducing consumption. “Namibia is famously thrifty for its use of water in dry years, up to 30 percent of the capitals drinking water is recycled wastewater. Egypt recy
22、cles virtually everything they get.“ And while rivers are heavily polluted in China and elsewhere, a few rivers are being restored. De Villiers says the Rhine, once called the sewer of Europe, has been cleaned up over the past decade or so. T d not want to drink it, but fish are reappearing in the r
23、iver.“ Can technology help? Because water is generally used so inefficiently, Postel calls conservation “the last oasis.“ Simple devices like low-flow toilets can cut usage by 70 percent. When New York City was faced with spending $1 billion on a new pumping station in the early 1990s, it opted inst
24、ead to replace toilets. By 1997, after the city spent $295 million on incentives, 1.33 million new toilets had been installed, saving 70 million to 90 million gallons per day. Overall, per capita consumption dropped from 195 gallons in 1991 to 169 gallons in 1999. Agriculture, which uses about 70 pe
25、rcent of total fresh water, offers much larger savings. Drip irrigation, pioneered by Israel, delivers water directly to the crops roots. Although its more expensive to start with, its far more frugal as well in terms of water. And delivering water steadily to the roots improves production as well.
26、Postel writes, “Studies in India, Israel, Jordan, Spain and the U.S. have shown time and again that drip irrigation reduces water use by 30 to 70 percent and increases crop yield by 20 to 90 percent compared with flooding methods.“ Reuse of wastewater is becoming a fact of life in many arid regions,
27、 including Egypt, Israel, and the American Southwest. Depending on its cleanliness, water may be used to irrigate non-food crops, or even food crops. In the extreme example, Namibia, as weve seen, drinks treated wastewater in drought years. Desalination the removal of salt from salt water would be t
28、he ultimate solution to water woes if it can be done cheaply enough. Thats a big if: “The best estimates are $2 to $2.50 per ton for desalination,“ says de Villiers. “That not really that far from the real cost of delivering water from the Colorado River, but Californias water is so heavily subsidiz
29、ed that they are paying 10 cents per ton when the real cost is closer to $2.50 per ton.“ Desalination also takes a lot of electricity, de Villiers notes. “Unless somebody comes up with a way to do it with less energy,“ the cost of more fresh water could be increased global warming. （分数：71.00）(1).Mex
30、ico City is sinking because the city uses underground water slower than the aquifer can be refilled.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The Bush Administration opposes tightening the arsenic standard for drinking water.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In 2025, half of todays population will be in shortage of water.（分数：7.1
31、0）A.YB.NC.NG(4).In China, some rivers are so polluted that fish cant grow in them.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Indias population will surge toward a projected_in 2025.（分数：7.10）_(6).All agriculture in Egypt is watered by_.（分数：7.10）_(7).According to a World Bank official, there will be_in the near future.（分
32、数：7.10）_(8).Turkey is the source place of_and_Rivers.（分数：7.10）_(9).Ethiopia and Egypt now talk about water every year to seek_.（分数：7.10）_(10).Drip irrigation is a way of delivering water directly to_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.At Annes Clothing Store.B.Inside a shopping center
33、.C.At a downtown street.D.In a suburban residential district.A.He was fired from his job.B.He was warned about being more punctual from now on.C.The management cut his working hours.D.He was promoted.A.They are at a violin shop.B.They are at a circus.C.They are at a concert.D.They are inside a movie
34、 theatre.A.She didnt go to work this morning.B.She was injured and had to go to the hospital.C.She talked with the boss in the morning.D.The traffic delayed her.A.Seven oclock.B.Seven thirty.C.Eight oclock.D.Eight thirty.A.Sending the next package earlier.B.Waiting patiently.C.Using air freight.D.Lo
35、oking for the package.A.She thinks that he should plan his money more carefully.B.She thinks that he should buy a convertible.C.She thinks that he should ask Barbara for advice.D.She wants him to manage her money.A.He was furious with his boss.B.He was always late to work.C.His daughter was sick and
36、 that made him late for work.D.He prepared a financial report incorrectly.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Purchase her plane ticket.B.Change her plane ticket.C.Pick up a passport application form.D.Arrange for her accommodations in Europe.A.She doesnt have time to move.B.She would have difficulty findi
37、ng another apartment.C.Shes paid her rent for the summer in advance.D.She doesnt want to paint another apartment.A.Leave it vacant.B.Rent it to the man shes talking with.C.Sublet it to Jim Thomas.D.Ask her landlord to sublet it.A.It is cheaper.B.It is dearer.C.It is more flexible.D.It is simpler.A.T
38、hey have more dishes to choose.B.They buy their meals at a lower price.C.They can choose the place to eat.D.They dont have to pay for a certain number of meals.A.He can buy meals whenever he wants at a cheaper price.B.He can eat all his meals off campus so that he doesnt have to pay the university.C
39、.He can buy a reasonable number of meals and dont have to pay meals they dont eat.D.He can eat on campus every day.A.The cafeteria isnt open to guests.B.They have to pay for at least seven meals.C.They have to wait until all the students finish their meals.D.They can buy their meals when they eat.五、
40、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.Her family is extremely rich.B.Her family is an unhappy one.C.They are accustomed to their life.D.They long for a change in their life.A.Selfish and cruel.B.Friendly and kind.C.Beautiful and proud.D.Rich and nice.A.Poor but brave.B.Friendly and talkative.C.A teacher liked
41、by all her pupils.D.An example her children should follow.A.The writers family is the poorest one on that street.B.Watching the rich girl eating cookies, those hungry children cried.C.The writer wants to move out of that district.D.The writer hopes that her children will become teachers.A.Putting a
42、roof on a barn.B.Harvesting water reeds.C.Using stone as a building material.D.Daily farm operations.A.Clay tiles.B.Slate or stone.C.Wooden shingles.D.Reeds or straw.A.Its manufactured to be strong.B.It bends without breaking.C.Thatchers nail it down securely.D.The winds can pass through it easily.A
43、.If people had more time to learn how to do it.B.If its cost went down.C.If it could make buildings more attractive.D.If people realized its many advantages.A.The color of the dog.B.The price of the dog.C.Whether the dog will fit the environment.D.Whether the dog will get along with the other pets i
44、n the house.A.It must be trained so it wont bite.B.It needs more love and care.C.It demands more food and space.D.It must be looked after carefully.A.They are less likely to run away.B.Its easier for their masters to train them.C.They are less likely to be shy with human beings.D.Its easier for them
45、 to form a relationship with their masters.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)President Clinton later today joins (36) 1Presidents Ford, Carter and Bush at “the presidents summit for Americas future“(37) 2at recruiting one million volunteer tutors to provide after-school, weekend and summer reading help for
46、 up to three million children. Mr. Clinton will ask Congress this coming week for nearly three (38) 3dollars to fund a five-year called “America Reads“. The would fund the (39) 4efforts of 20 thousand reading (40) 5and it would also give (41) 6to help parents help children read by the third grade, o
47、r about age eight. During his Saturday radio (42) 7, the president explained why the (43) 8is important. “We need America Reads and we need it now. studies show what if the fourth-graders fail to read well, (44) 9. But, 40 percent of them still cant read at a basic level.“ Volunteer tutors, who provide community service in exchange for college funding, are being used in literacy and tutoring s. (45) 10. The pr
