1、大学英语六级 171及答案解析(总分：448.01，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Fast Food and Traditional Chinese Cuisine. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 1西餐越来越受到中国人的青睐，对你而言
2、，中餐和西餐，更喜欢哪种； 2请给出两条以上的理由支持你的观点； 3对全文作一总结。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Workplace Negativity Nothing affects employee morale more adversely than persistent workplace negativity. It saps (消耗) the energy of your organization and diverts critical attention from work and performance. Ne
3、gativity occurs in the attitude, outlook, and talk of one department member, or in a crescendo (高潮) of voices responding to a workplace decision or event. Learn About Workplace Negativity As a manager or human resources professional, you are closely in touch with employees throughout the company. Th
4、is allows you to keep your fingers on the pulse of the organization to sense workplace negativity. It enables you to establish and heed early warning signals that all is not well. You receive employee complaints, do exit interviews with employees who leave, and know the reputation of your organizati
5、on in your community. You watch the discussions on employee Intranets, manage the appraisal and 360-degree feedback process, and coach managers in appropriate staff treatment. This information will help you learn to identify the symptoms of negativity before its morale-busting consequences damage yo
6、ur workplace. It will also assist you in preventing and curing workplace negativity. Diagnose Workplace Negativity Negativity is an increasing problem in the workplace, according to Gary S. Topchik, the author of Managing Workplace Negativity. He states, in a Management Review article, that negativi
7、ty is often the result of a loss of confidence, control, or community. Knowing what people are negative about is the first step in solving the problem. In my experience, when rumblings (抱怨) and negativity are beginning in your organization, talking with employees will help you understand the exact p
8、roblems and the degree to which the problems are impacting your workplace. You will want to identify the exact employee groups who are experiencing the negativity, and the nature of the issues that sparked their unhappiness. Perhaps the organization made a decision that adversely affected staff. Per
9、haps the executive manager held a staff meeting and was perceived to threaten or ignore people asking legitimate questions. Maybe staff members feel insecure because concern exists over losing a product line. Perhaps underground rumors are circulating about an impending layoff. People may feel that
10、they give the organization more than they receive in return. They may feel that a coworker is mistreated or denied a deserved promotion. When You Are Not in Control of the Negativity Negativity often occurs when people are impacted by decisions and issues that are out of their control. Examples of t
11、hese include: corporation downsizing; understaffing that requires people to work mandatory overtime; budget reductions; and upper-management decisions that adversely impact members of your staff. Under these circumstances, as a human resources professional, try some of the following ideas. -Identify
12、 any aspects of the situation that you can impact, including providing feedback in your organization about the negative impact that is occurring. (Sometimes decisions are made and no one understands or predicts their outcome. Sometimes you can influence an issue or a decision if you practice persona
13、l, professional courage and speak your mind.) -Listen, listen, listen. Often people just need a sounding board. Be visible and available to staff. Proactively (积极地) schedule group discussion sessions, town meetings, “lunches with the manager“ or one-on-one blocks of time. -Challenge pessimistic thin
14、king and negative beliefs about people, the company, and the work area. Dont let negative, false statements go unchallenged. If the statements are true, provide the rationale, the corporate thinking, and the events that are responsible for the negative circumstances. Share everything you know about
15、a situation to build trust with the workforce. -Ask open-ended questions to determine the cause, and the scope of the negative feelings or reaction. Maybe its not as bad as people think; maybe their interpretation of events is faulty. Helping people identify exactly what they feel negatively about i
16、s the first step in solving the problem. You cant solve a fog of unhappiness. Help people create options, feel included, and feel part of the communication and problem-solving. (Do all of the items mentioned in the section “Minimize Workplace Negativity“.) Recognize Your Potential Part in the Negati
17、vity Cycle -Recognize that you are human and occasionally experience situations in which you must uphold decisions you dont entirely support. You dont want to contribute to the negativity by your words, actions, non-verbal behavior, or voice. Yet, you want to act authentically so you are trustworthy
18、 and credible. -Know yourself well enough to recognize internally when you are becoming negative. -Become aware of work situations in which you typically find yourself becoming defensive or negative. Because you are aware of them, try to recognize when you are reacting and avoid your typical negativ
19、e reaction. (Some people figure out exactly how to get you going and push your “hot buttons“ deliberately, so to speak.) -Take a time-out or walk away by yourself when you have dealt with a stressful situation. -Spend some time alone thinking every day about the positive aspects of your work and lif
20、e. You dont want to spend all of your time on negative thinking. If there is nothing positive to think about, examine the life you are choosing to create. -Treat yourself with care. Dont beat yourself up or second-guess yourself over decisions or mistakes. You are human. You learn; you grow. Focus o
21、n the big picture; dont get bogged down (陷入) in the day-to-day. Recognize that the only thing you are truly in charge of is how you choose to react in any situation. I trust that these ideas will help you in addressing the negativity in your workplace. As always, your thoughts and additional ideas a
22、re always welcome. Please share them in the HR Forum so a broader group of people can benefit from your thinking. Minimize Workplace Negativity The best way to combat workplace negativity is to keep it from occurring in the first place. These tips will help you minimize workplace negativity. -Provid
23、e opportunities for people to make decisions about and control and/or influence their own job. The single most frequent cause of workplace negativity I encounter is traceable to a manager or the organization making a decision about a persons work without her input. Almost any decision that excludes
24、the input of the person doing the work is perceived as negative. -Make opportunities available for people to express their opinion about workplace policies and procedures. Recognize the impact of changes in such areas as work hours, pay, benefits, and assignment of overtime hours, comp pay, dress co
25、des, office location, job requirements, and working conditions. These factors are closest to the mind, heart and physical presence of each individual. Changes to these can cause serious negative responses. Provide timely, proactive responses to questions and concerns. -Treat people as adults with fa
26、irness and consistency. Develop and publicize workplace policies and procedures that organize work effectively. Apply them consistently. As an example, each employee has the opportunity to apply for leave time. In granting his request, apply the same factors to his application as you would to any ot
27、her individuals. -Afford people the opportunity to grow and develop. Training, perceived opportunities for promotions, lateral moves for development, and cross-training are visible signs of an organizations commitment to staff. -Do not create “rules“ for all employees, when just a few people are vio
28、lating the norms. You want to minimize the number of rules directing the behavior of adult people at work. Treat people as adults; they will usually live up to your expectations, and their own expectations. -Help people feel like members of the in-crowd; each person wants to have the same informatio
29、n as quickly as everyone else. Provide the context for decisions, and communicate effectively and constantly. If several avenues or directions are under consideration, communicate all that you know, as soon as you know it. Reserve the right to change your mind later, without consequence, when additi
30、onal factors affect the direction of ultimate decisions. -Provide appropriate leadership and a strategic framework, including mission, vision, values, and goals. People want to feel as if they are part of something bigger than themselves. If they understand the direction, and their part in making th
31、e desired outcomes happen, they can effectively contribute more. （分数：71.00）(1).Only by watching the discussions on employee Intranets can managers find warning signs of negativity.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).It is helpful for managers to talk with their employees to learn the workplace negativity problem
32、s.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Upper-management often leads to the workplace negativity that is difficult to control.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Managers should spend some time with their employees over supper talking about positive things.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Employee morale is mostly adversely affected by_
33、.（分数：7.10）_(6).People will experience negativity in the workplaces when they lose_.（分数：7.10）_(7).The most efficient way to combat workplace negativity is to_ in the first place.（分数：7.10）_(8).Workplace negativity often arises when a manager makes a decision about a persons work without_.（分数：7.10）_(9)
34、.It is suggested to provide opportunities for employees to express their ideas about_.（分数：7.10）_(10).It is advisable to provide employees with appropriate leadership and_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.What the roommates name is.B.What the roommate wants in exchange for the ticket
35、s.C.How many tickets the roommate has.D.What the roommate said before.A.He probably cant find the man a job in English department.B.He is a kind-hearted man.C.He is unwilling to help the man find a job.D.He is the one who decides which student to hire.A.The fine will be deducted from the womans cred
36、it card.B.The weather is still cool so they dont sell fans.C.Anyone returning overdue books this week faces no fine.D.The man is a friend of the woman so she wont be fined.A.He will show her the way on the map.B.He will take her to the police office.C.He will take her to her destination himself.D.He
37、 will ask someone else to help the woman.A.She suggests the man to go to a farther place to trim his hair.B.She offers to cut the mans hair herself at the price of 10.C.She tells the man a cheaper but busier place to have his hair cut.D.She used to trim her hair in a luxurious saloon.A.Order tickets
38、 via the Internet.B.Order tickets by going to the box office personally.C.Order tickets by writing a letter.D.Order tickets by calling the box office.A.She thinks the man should stay with his sister at home.B.She invites the man and his sister to her party.C.She will go with the man to meet his sist
39、er.D.She will cancel her party.A.She wants to know who said they wont.B.She also doubts whether they can finish on time.C.She asks the man to go with her.D.She is confident of completing all they wanted to.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A chemistry assignment.B.A study that their chemistry professor d
40、id.C.A class that the woman is taking.D.A job possibility.A.She wants to quit her job in the chemistry lab.B.She wants to get practical experience.C.Shes interested in becoming a psychology major.D.She wants to earn extra money.A.Employ them as lab assistants.B.Teach chemistry classes at their high
41、school.C.Help them with their studies.D.Pay them for participating in the study.A.Write their lab report.B.Find out Professor Smiths schedule.C.Interview some high school students.D.Finish their chemistry experiment.A.The trip on the train.B.The hotels in New York.C.The arrangement for the trip.D.Th
42、e trip to Montreal.A.Two nights.B.Two days.C.Four nights.D.Four days.A.She got a good room for the man and his wife at the peak of the tourist season.B.There is no room in Sheraton Hotel at the peak of the tourist season.C.The room in the hotel is very expensive:D.The hotel is located far away from
43、the heart of Manhattan.A.Because he is airsick.B.Because he wants to have a good sleep on the plane.C.Because he doesnt like the window seat.D.Because he wants a more comfortable seat for his wife.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.Kings and queens, princes and princesses, and lords and ladies built castl
44、es in order to get more land.B.Around the outside of a castle, a moat was dug, which was often filled with water.C.A castle was built behind a thick and high stonewall, which was strong enough to stand the possible attack of enemies.D.If a drawbridge was pulled up, there was no way for people to ent
45、er the castle.A.They lived a luxurious life and their diet was very delicate.B.They lived a highly civilized court life.C.They lived a primitive life and their table manner was often rude.D.They lived a comparatively luxurious but not-so-civilized life.A.Castles structure and the eating habit in the
46、m.B.Castles structure and the people who lived in them.C.Castles structure and the life in them.D.Why people built castles and their structure.A.For scientific study.B.For field guides.C.For entertainment.D.For some film background sounds.A.Its difficult to find birds for recording.B.Its difficult t
47、o find quiet areas for recording.C.Its difficult to find animals for recording.D.Its difficult to find mammals for recording.A.Attracting mates.B.Staking their territories.C.Hearing each other.D.Sleeping.A.How to suffer pain.B.How to avoid pain.C.How to handle pain.D.How to stop pain.A.How we look at pain.B.To feel pain as much as possible.C.To show an interest in pain.D.To accept the pain reluctantly.A.Pessimistic.B.
