1、大学英语六级 198及答案解析(总分：428.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Fighting Corruption. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 腐败产生的原因和危害。 2. 反腐败应采取的措施。 3. 腐败问题是可以解决的。 （分数：
2、30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)I was talking recently to a friend who teaches at MIT. His field is hot now and every year he is inundated(淹没) by applications from would-be graduate students. “A lot of them seem smart,“ he said. “What I cant tell is whether they have any kind of taste.“ Yo
3、u dont hear that word much now. And yet we still need the underlying concept, whatever we call it. What my friend meant was that he wanted students who were not just good technicians, but who could use their technical knowledge to design beautiful things. For those of us who design things, these are
4、 not just theoretical questions. If there is such a thing as beauty, we need to be able to recognize it. We need good taste to make good things. Instead of treating beauty as an airy abstraction, to be either blathered about or avoided depending on how one feels about airy abstractions, lets try con
5、sidering it as a practical question: how do you make good stuff? If you mention taste nowadays, a lot of people will tell you that “taste is subjective.“ They believe this because it really feels that way to them. When they like something, they have no idea why. It could be because its beautiful, or
6、 because their mother had one, or because they saw a movie star with one in a magazine, or because they know its expensive. Their thoughts are a tangle of unexamined impulses. Like many of the half-truths adults tell us, this one contradicts other things they tell us. After dinning into you that tas
7、te is merely a matter of personal preference, they take you to the museum and tell you that you should pay attention because Leonardo is a great artist. What goes through the kids head at this point? What does he think “great artist“ means? After having been told for years that everyone just likes t
8、o do things their own way, he is unlikely to head straight for the conclusion that a great artist is someone whose work is better than the others. A far more likely theory, in his Ptolemaic (托勒密) model of the universe, is that a great artist is something thats good for you, like broccoli, because so
9、meone said so in a book. Saying that taste is just a personal preference is a good way to prevent disputes. The trouble is, its not true. You feel this when you start to design things. Whatever job people do, they naturally want to do better. Football players like to win games. CEOs like to increase
10、 earnings. Its a matter of pride, and a real pleasure, to get better at your job. But if your job is to design things, and there is no such thing as beauty, then there is no way to get better at your job. If taste is just personal preference, then everyones is already perfect: you like whatever you
11、like, and thats it. As in any job, as you continue to design things, youll get better at it. Your tastes will change. And, like anyone who gets better at their job, youll know youre getting better. If so, your old tastes were not merely different, but worse. Poof goes the axiom that taste cant be wr
12、ong. Relativism is fashionable at the moment, and that may hamper you from thinking about taste, even as yours grows. But if you come out of the closet and admit, at least to yourself, that there is such a thing as good and bad design, then you can start to study good design in detail. How has your
13、taste changed? When you made mistakes, what caused you to make them? What have other people learned about design? Once you start to examine the question, its surprising how much different fields ideas of beauty have in common. The same principles of good design crop up again and again. Good design i
14、s simple. You hear this from math to painting. In math it means that a shorter proof tends to be a better one. Where axioms are concerned, especially, less is more. It means much the same thing in programming. For architects and designers it means that beauty should depend on a few carefully chosen
15、structural elements rather than a profusion of superficial ornament. (Ornament is not in itself bad, only when its camouflage on insipid form.) Similarly, in painting, a still life of a few carefully observed and solidly modelled objects will tend to be more interesting than a stretch of flashy but
16、mindlessly repetitive painting of, say, a lace collar. In writing it means: say what you mean and say it briefly. Good design is timeless. Aiming at timelessness is a way to make yourself find the best answer: if you can imagine someone surpassing you, you should do it yourself. Some of the greatest
17、 masters did this so well that they left little room for those who came after. Every engraver since Durer has had to live in his shadow. Aiming at timelessness is also a way to evade the grip of fashion. Fashions almost by definition change with time, so if you can make something that will still loo
18、k good far into the future, then its appeal must derive more from merit and less from fashion. Good design is suggestive. In architecture and design, this principle means that a building or object should let you use it how you want: a good building, for example, will serve as a backdrop for whatever
19、 life people want to lead in it, instead of making them live as if they were executing a program written by the architect. In software, it means you should give users a few basic elements that they can combine as they wish. In math it means a proof that becomes the basis for a lot of new work is pre
20、ferable to a proof that was difficult, but doesnt lead to future discoveries; in the sciences generally, citation is considered a rough indicator of merit. Good design is hard. Hard problems call for great efforts. In math, difficult proofs require ingenious solutions, and those tend to be interesti
21、ng. Ditto in engineering. When you have to climb a mountain you toss everything unnecessary out of your pack. And so an architect who has to build on a difficult site, or a small budget, will find that he is forced to produce an elegant design. Fashions and flourishes get knocked aside by the diffic
22、ult business of solving the problem at all. Good design looks easy. In most fields the appearance of ease seems to come with practice. Perhaps what practice does is to train your unconscious mind to handle tasks that used to require conscious thought. In some cases you literally train your body. An
23、expert pianist can play notes faster than the brain can send signals to his hand. Likewise an artist, after a while, can make visual perception flow in through his eye and out through his hand as automatically as someone tapping his foot to a beat. When people talk about being in “the zone,“ I think
24、 what they mean is that the spinal cord has the situation under control. Your spinal cord is less hesitant, and it frees conscious thought for the hard problems. Good design uses symmetry. I think symmetry may just be one way to achieve simplicity, but its important enough to be mentioned on its own
25、. Nature uses it a lot, which is a good sign. There are two kinds of symmetry, repetition and recursion. Recursion means repetition in subelements, like the pattern of veins in a leaf. The danger of symmetry, and repetition especially, is that it can be used as a substitute for thought. Good design
26、resembles nature. Its not so much that resembling nature is intrinsically good as that nature has had a long time to work on the problem. Its a good sign when your answer resembles natures. Its not cheating to copy. Working from life is a valuable tool in painting. The aim is not simply to make a re
27、cord. The point of painting from life is that it gives your mind something to chew on: when your eyes are looking at something, your hands will do more interesting work. （分数：71.00）(1).By taste, my friend meant that he wanted students who were not good technicians, but who could use their technical k
28、nowledge to design beautiful things.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).In math, simplicity means that a detailed proof tends to be a better one.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).If you can make something that is timeless, then its appeal must derive more from merit and less from fashion.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).I think symm
29、etry may be the only way to achieve simplicity, so its important enough to be mentioned on its own.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Many people today believe that taste is subjective because their thoughts tend to be a tangle of_.（分数：7.10）_(6).Simplicity means_ in writing.（分数：7.10）_(7).A good building, will s
30、erve as_, instead of making them live as if they were executing a program written by the architect.（分数：7.10）_(8).Perhaps what practice does is to train your unconscious mind to_.（分数：7.10）_(9).The danger of symmetry, and repetition especially, is that it can be used as_ for thought.（分数：7.10）_(10).The
31、 point of painting from life is that it gives your mind_: when your eyes are looking at something, your hands will do more interesting work.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The woman doesnt like orange juice.B.The woman didnt come to see Everett.C.The man was in a car crash this mor
32、ning.D.The man broke the container of juice.A.They are attending a concert.B.They are negotiating about a price.C.They are planning to go for a date.D.They are buying something for their firm.A.The two speakers are classmates.B.The man is majoring in elementary education.C.The woman is majoring in e
33、lementary education.D.The two speakers got to know each other in a class.A.$39.B.$35.C.$4.D.$5.A.Unemployment.B.Family breakup.C.Mental problems.D.Drinking.A.He failed to finish the experiment that day.B.He hasnt had time to do the experiment.C.He did only part of the experiment.D.The experiment was
34、 finished with much time.A.To invite the man to join them.B.To suggest politely that he leave.C.To offer to let him help cook.D.To encourage him to have another drink.A.He approves of the action.B.He feels sorry for those students.C.He considers the punishment excessive.D.He has no opinion about the
35、 action.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.To the Nile River.B.To the Museum of Natural History.C.To Colorado.D.To Arizona.A.In a boat.B.In a cave.C.In a river.D.In a tree.A.Find some drift wood.B.Take some photographs.C.Solve a mystery.D.See the canyon.A.Teacher and student.B.Employer and employee.C.Frie
36、nds.D.Classmates.A.In a hospital.B.In Jerrys office.C.In Ms. Sherwins office.D.In Jerrys home.A.To ask for a few days off.B.To talk about his daughter.C.To send his wife to hospital.D.To talk about his job.A.Next Friday.B.Next Saturday.C.The first Monday after next Friday.D.Sunday.五、Section B(总题数：3，
37、分数：10.00)A.To study the problems of local industries.B.To find ways to treat human wastes.C.To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.D.To conduct a study on fishing in the Riramichi River.A.Lack of oxygen.B.Overgrowth of water plants.C.Low water level.D.Serious pollution upstre
38、am.A.Theyll be closed down.B.Theyre going to dismiss some of their employees.C.Theyll be moved to other places.D.They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.A.There were fewer fish in the river.B.Over-fishing was prohibited.C.The local Chamber of Commerce tried to preserve fishes.D.The loc
39、al fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.A.An Indian summer brings warm days and nights.B.An Indian summer occurs only in October.C.An Indian summer is an annual phenomenon.D.An Indian summer lasts many weeks.A.The first period of cold, wintry days in autumn.B.The turning of color and fall
40、ing of leaves.C.A large mass of warm tropical air carried northward.D.The southwestern winds.A.A short period of fair weather and mild days.B.No definite time of beginning or ending.C.Its end signals winters start.D.Soft yellow or orange skies.A.Replacing the native corn with the hybrid corn.B.Repla
41、cing the hybrid corn with the native corn.C.Replacing the new type of corn with the traditional corn.D.Replacing the traditional corn with the native corn.A.Excellent quality.B.Large productivity.C.Good flavor.D.Both A and B.A.Because their wives didnt like it.B.Because it wasnt good for cooking.C.B
42、ecause their wives didnt like the flavor.D.All of the above.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Buckingham Palace and other (36) 1 residences open to the public do not accept euros at their gift shops and entry turnstiles. The new currency was launched in 12 European Union countries on January 1st, 2002, but
43、 Britain was not one of them. A Buckingham Palace (37) 2 said the decision not to accept the euro was (38) 3a business one and not a (39) 4statement. The retail outlets at the official residences have never accepted any other currencies. It is (40) 5 because as very small retail outlets, they dont h
44、ave the (41) 6 for changing currencies. However, many retail outlets in Britain have prepared to accept the new currency since millions of (42) 7 are expected to visit the country every year. In 2002 alone, visitors from the Euro (43) 8 were estimated to spend more than 6. 55 billion euros in Britai
45、n. Major department stores Debenhams and Marks his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which
46、 he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the f
47、igure(这种比喻) becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, it
