1、大学英语六级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）-试卷 213 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to invite your former roommate in your university to visit your city during the summer vacation. You should write at least 150 w
2、ords but no more than 200 words.（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：11，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Interviewing a moving star.B.Discussing teenage role models.C.Hosting a television show.D.Reviewing a new biography.A.Because he lost his mother.B.Because he was unhappy i
3、n California.C.Because he missed his aunt.D.Because he had to attend school there.A.He delivered public speeches.B.He got seriously into acting.C.He hosted talk shows on TV.D.He played a role in East of Eden.A.His first movie.B.His second movie.C.His third movie.D.His fourth movie.A.In a studio.B.In
4、 a book store.C.At a beach resort.D.At a supermarket.A.To live there permanently.B.To stay there for half a year.C.To find a better job to support herself.D.To sell leather goods for an American company.A.Since 1981.B.Since 1982.C.Since 1989.D.Since 1990.A.It has seen a steady decline in its profits
5、.B.It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad.C.It has lost many customers to foreign companies.D.It has become much more competitive.5.Section B_A.In Washington.B.In London.C.In New York.D.In Yorkshire.A.Chewing gums.B.Earphones.C.Magazines.D.Seat belts.A.Clothes.B.Mobile phone.C.Computer.D.
6、Earphone.A.It carried passengers leaving an island.B.A terrorist forced it to land on Tenerife.C.It crashed when it was circling to land.D.18 of its passengers survived the crash.A.He was kidnapped eight months ago.B.He failed in his negotiations with the Africans.C.He was assassinated in Central Af
7、rica.D.He lost lots of money in his African business.A.The management and union representatives reached an agreement.B.The workers pay was raised and their working hours were shortened.C.The trade union gave up its demand.D.The workers on strike were all fired.A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Windy.D.Cloudy.6.Sect
8、ion C_A.They investigate the retirement homes in America.B.They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.C.They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.D.They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.A.The loss of the ability to take care of himself.B.The feeling of not bein
9、g important any more.C.Being unable to find a good retirement home.D.Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.A.The loss of identity and self-worth.B.Fear of being replaced or discarded.C.Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.D.The possession of wealth and high respect.A.The urgency of pensio
10、n reform.B.Medical care for senior citizens.C.Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.D.The development of public facilities for senior citizens.A.It seriously impacts their physical and mental development.B.It has become a problem affecting global economic growth.C.It is a common proble
11、m found in underdeveloped countries.D.It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries.A.They will live longer.B.They get better pay.C.They get along well with people.D.They develop much higher IQs.A.Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods.B.Encouraged breastfeeding
12、 for the first six months of a childs life.C.Recruited volunteers to teach rural people about health and nutrition.D.Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.A.The guaranteed quality of its goods.B.The huge volume of its annual sales.C.The service it provides to its custo
13、mers.D.The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.A.Those having a taste or smell component.B.Products potentially embarrassing to buy.C.Those that require very careful handling.D.Services involving a personal element.A.Those who live in the virtual world.B.Those who have to work long hours.C.Those
14、 who are used to online transactions.D.Those who dont mind paying a little more.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_As many people 1 middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly ca
15、nt remember where we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintances name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain fades, we refer to these 2 as “senior moments“. While seemingly 3, this loss of mental focus can 4 have a detrimental impact on our professional, social, and pe
16、rsonal well-being. Neuroscientists are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done. It turns that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive 5. Thinking is essentially a process of mak
17、ing neural connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to excel in making the neural connections that drive intelligence is 6. However, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand according to mental effort. Now, a ne
18、w San Francisco Web-based company has taken it a step further and developed the first “brain training program“ 7 to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness. It is called Lumosity. Lumosity, is far more than an online place to exercise your mental skills. Thats because they hav
19、e 8 these exercises into a Web-based program that allows you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. Also, the program keeps track of your progress and provides 9 feedback on your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it constantly modifies and 10 the games you play to b
20、uild on the strengths you are developing.A) arrive B) enhances C) complex D) definitely E) detailedF) functions G) hit H) incidents I) inherited J) innocentK) integrated L) intended M) occurrences N) potentially O) designed（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
21、1:_10.Section B_Opportunists and Competitors A) Growth, reproduction, and daily metabolism all require an organism to expend energy. The expenditure of energy is essentially a process of budgeting, just as finances are budgeted. If all of ones money is spent on clothes, there may be none left to buy
22、 food or go to the movies. Similarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction. B) All organisms, therefore, allocate energy to growth, reproduction, maintenance, and storage. No choic
23、e is involved; this allocation comes as part of the genetic package from the parents. Maintenance for a given body design of an organism is relatively constant. Storage is important, but ultimately that energy will be used for maintenance, reproduction, or growth. Therefore the principal differences
24、 in energy allocation are likely to be between growth and reproduction. C) Almost all of an organisms energy can be diverted to reproduction, with very little allocated to building the body. Organisms at this extreme are “opportunists“. At the other extreme are “competitors“, almost all of whose res
25、ources are invested in building a huge body, with a bare minimum allocated to reproduction. D) Dandelions are good examples of opportunists. Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind, the plants are no bigger than they need be, their stems are hollow, and all the ri
26、gidity comes from their water content. Thus, a minimum investment has been made in the body that becomes a platform for seed dispersal. These very short-lived plants reproduce prolifically; that is to say they provide a constant rain of seed in the neighborhood of parent plants. E) A new plant will
27、spring up wherever a seed falls on a suitable soil surface, but because they do not build big bodies, they cannot compete with other plants for space, water, or sunlight. These plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds falling into settings where competing plants have been remo
28、ved by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy. F) Opportunists must constantly invade new areas to compensate for being displaced by more competitive species. Human landscapes of lawns, fields, or flowerbeds p
29、rovide settings with bare soil and a lack of competitors that are perfect habitats for colonization by opportunists. Hence, many of the strongly opportunistic plants are the common weeds of fields and gardens. G) Because each individual is short-lived, the population of an opportunist species is lik
30、ely to be adversely affected by drought, bad winters, or floods. If their population is tracked through time, it will be seen to be particularly unstablesoaring and plummeting in irregular cycles. H) The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor. These organisms tend to have big bodies, are long-li
31、ved, and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction. I) An oak tree is a good example of a competitor. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, out-competing all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil. The leaves of
32、an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity. J) Although oaks produce thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small
33、 compared with the energy spent on building leaves, trunk, and roots. Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire. A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to
34、withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events. K) It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunist
35、ic and some competitive characteristics. L) Oak wood has a density of about 0. 75 g/cm 3 , great strength and hardness, and is very resistant to insect and fungal attack because of its high tannin content. It also has very appealing grain markings, particularly when quarter-sawn. M) Oak planking was
36、 common on high status Viking longships in the 9th and 10th centuries. The wood was hewn(砍) from green logs, by axe and wedge, to produce radial planks, similar to quarter-sawn timber. Wide, quarter-sawn boards of oak have been prized since the Middle Ages for use in interior paneling of prestigious
37、 buildings such as the debating chamber of the House of Commons in London and in the construction of fine furniture. N) Oak wood, from Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, was used in Europe for the construction of ships until the 19th century, and was the principal timber used in the construction of
38、European timber-framed buildings. Today oak wood is still commonly used for furniture making and flooring, timber frame buildings, and for veneer production. Barrels in which wines, sherry, and spirits such as brandy, Scotch whisky and Bourbon whiskey are aged are made from European and American oak
39、. The use of oak in wine can add many different dimensions to wine based on the type and style of the oak. Oak barrels, which may be charred before use, contribute to the colour, taste, and aroma of the contents, imparting a desirable oaky vanillin flavour to these drinks. The great dilemma for wine
40、 producers is to choose between French and American oak woods. French oaks (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea) give the wine greater refinement and are chosen for the best wines since they increase the price compared to those aged in American oak wood. American oak contributes greater texture and resis
41、tance to ageing, but produces more violent wine bouquets. Oak wood chips are used for smoking fish, meat, cheeses and other foods. O) Japanese oak is used in the making of professional drums from manufacturer Yamaha Drums. The higher density of oak gives the drum a brighter and louder tone compared
42、to traditional drum materials such as maple and birch. In hill states of India, besides fuelwood and timber, the local people use oak wood for making agricultural implements. The leaves are used as fodder during lean period and bedding for livestock.（分数：20.00）(1).Growth, reproduction, and daily meta
43、bolism all require a plant to expend energy.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, winning all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The energy stored by a plant would be used for mainten
44、ance, reproduction, or growth ultimately.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Opportunist and competitor are different and complementary.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Almost all of an organisms energy can be diverted to reproduction, with very little allocated to building the body.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).The reason why the popula
45、tion of an opportunist species is likely to be adversely affected by drought, bad winters, or floods is because each individual is short-lived.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).If you want to find a good example of opportunists, dandelion is a good choice for research.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).The common weed of a rose filed is more opportunistic than the rose within the same place.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).If the oak wood is quarter-sawn, there would be very obvious grain markings.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).In the 9th and 10th centuries, the oak wood was frequently used in the Viking longships.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_
