1、大学英语六级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 231 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Good habits result from resisting temptation. “ You can give examples to illustrate your
2、point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：11，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.He has booked a tour with the agent.B.His nephew wants to book a tour with the agent.C.He wants to have some advice from the agent.D.
3、He wants to pay the tour to France.A.It should be the same as the ones they had before.B.It should be different from the ones they had before.C.It should be expensive enough.D.It should be extremely cheap.A.Interested.B.Indifferent.C.Suspicious.D.Negative.A.Because he used to live in France.B.Becaus
4、e he likes chatting with French people.C.Because he studies French at school.D.Because he likes French food.A.She never used the services offered by the Career Services Center.B.She logged on the e-fairs of the Career Services Center.C.She didnt like the services offered by the Career Services Cente
5、r.D.She has used the career mentoring program.A.There will be lots of job opportunities in these two areas.B.There will be less job opportunities in these two areas.C.There will be no changes in the job opportunities in these two areas.D.There will be more and more job candidates competing in these
6、two areas.A.It will establish a database for her.B.It will help her find an internship.C.It will help her find a job when she graduates.D.It will help her do a series of tests again.A.Stop by the Career Services Center and ask for help.B.Look for an internship.C.Change his major to accounting.D.Call
7、 the Career Services Center to make an appointment.5.Section B_A.Because there are many developing nations.B.Because people use too many man-made materials.C.Because we have more and more industry.D.Because we are building more vehicles.A.Industrial development.B.Their own health.C.Their childrens f
8、uture.D.Sound environment.A.Man knows where the society is going.B.The speaker is worried about the future of our modern society.C.People dont welcome the rapid development of modern society.D.Man can do nothing about the problem of pollution.A.Diamond-producing rivers are disappearing because of cl
9、imate change.B.Diamond couldnt be formed without great heat and pressure of the volcano.C.Earthquakes brought some diamonds up to the surface of the earth.D.Explosion of the volcano can damage diamonds as well.A.Under the riverbed.B.On the mountainside.C.In the narrow volcanic pipes.D.At the foot of
10、 the mountains.A.They never came back home with desired diamonds.B.They lost the hard-earned diamonds on their way back.C.They were sentenced to death for stealing diamonds.D.They returned home as content as millionaires.A.South Africa.B.Eastern Russia.C.India.D.Congo.6.Section C_A.Congressional rep
11、resentatives.B.Congressional aides.C.Members of Congress.D.Local citizens.A.Los Angeles.B.New York.C.Washington.D.San Francisco.A.More than 60,000.B.Less than 60,000.C.More than 6,000.D.Less than 6,000.A.Help develop ideas for laws that their bosses can eventually propose to Congress.B.Help members
12、of Congress stay in touch with citizens in their districts.C.Keep their bosses informed about pending legislation.D.Keep their local congressional representatives up-to-date.A.It seriously impacts their physical and mental development.B.It has become a problem affecting global economic growth.C.It i
13、s a common problem found in underdeveloped countries.D.It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries.A.They will live longer.B.They get better pay.C.They get along well with people.D.They develop much higher IQs.A.Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods.B.Encoura
14、ged breastfeeding for the first six months of a childs life.C.Recruited volunteers to teach rural people about health and nutrition.D.Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.A.Italy.B.France.C.Germany.D.America.A.4,000.B.1,400.C.140.D.14,000.00A.Unsuccessful.B.Electrifyi
15、ng.C.Full of energy.D.Dynamic.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_Employers are far less likely to employ people with mental illnesses than those with physical ailments (疾病), a report shows. The government is 1 an initiative urging employers to improve
16、conditions for people with a mental health problem. It is 2 one in four people will suffer a mental illness at some point in their lives. And even for those with more common types of mental illness, such as 3 , only about half are 4 employed. The voluntary standards, launched to 5 with World Mental
17、Health Day, will also be used by public sector organizations, including local councils, government departments and hospitals. The Disability Discrimination Act, which comes into force this December, will require these bodies to end 6 discrimination and promote equality of opportunity. Health Ministe
18、r Rosie Winterton said: “ 7 and stigma (耻辱) still surround the issue of mental ill-health and when someone does develop a problem, they often do not get the support they need from society to help them recover. “ “We all have a role to play in helping to 8 this issue. Employers can help by raising aw
19、areness of mental health issues among staff, supporting those affected and combating discrimination against staff and customers. “ “This is good for staff and good for employers, who we know will benefit from reduced staff 9 and sickness absences.“ Work and Pensions Minister Lord Hunt said, “Work is
20、 important and beneficial to our physical and mental well-being. Because of this, it is essential that we remove the 10 that prevent people starting, returning to, or remaining in work. “A) tackle I) estimatedB) issue J) launchingC) turnover K) fairD) competitively L) depressionE) coincide M) taking
21、F) unlawful N) generallyG) barriers O) ignorance H) particularly（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_The Public Health Crisis Hiding in Our FoodA If you have high blood pressure, youre in good company. Hypertension (高血压) afflicts 67 million Ame
22、ricans, including nearly two-thirds of people over age 60. But it isnt an inevitable part of the aging process, Its better to think of it as chronic sodium intoxication (钠中毒). And, as an important new study from Britain shows, theres a way to prevent the problemand to save many, many lives.B A lifet
23、ime of consuming too much sodiummostly in the form of sodium chloride (氯化钠), or table saltraises blood pressure, and high blood pressure kills and disables people by triggering strokes and heart attacks. In the United States, according to best estimates, excess sodium is killing between 40,000 and 9
24、0,000 people and running up to $20 billion in medical costs a year.C Americans on average take in about 3, 300 milligrams of sodium per day, but experts recommend less than 2,300 milligramsand less than 1,500 milligrams for people over age 50, black people, or those who already have hypertension, di
25、abetes (糖尿病) or kidney (肾脏) disease, which adds up to a majority of American adults. Either target is far below where most Americans are now.D The reason that nearly everyone eats too much sodium is that our food is loaded with it, and often where we dont taste or expect it. Of course ham and canned
26、 soup are full of salt, but so are many foods that are surprising: A blueberry muffin (松饼) can have more than double the salt of a serving of potato chips. Even healthy-sounding food can pack heavy sodium loads. Two slices of whole wheat bread can have nearly 400 milligrams of sodium, as can two tab
27、lespoons of fat-free salad dressing. Eight ounces of V8 vegetable juice contains well over 500 milligrams. Many restaurant entrees (主菜) have far more sodium than is recommended for an entire day. Applebees lemon shrimp fettuccine (意大利宽面条) , at 5 ,100 milligrams, has more than twice as much.E Doctors
28、 warn people with high blood pressure to go on a low-salt diet, but thats virtually impossible in todays world, because nearly 80 percent of the sodium that Americans eat comes in packaged and restaurant food (whether its a bagel, a sandwich or a steak dinner). You cant take it out. And nearly every
29、one, not just people with hypertension puzzling over food labels, should be taking in less sodium. The only way to prevent millions of Americans from developing high blood pressure is for companies and restaurants to stop loading up their food with sodium.F Health experts have been asking the food i
30、ndustry to do that for decades. Its not easy, but it isnt impossible either. Sure, we all like the taste of salt, but there is much that food companies can do without driving away customers. Often they add sodium for leavening (发酵) or food texture (质地) rather than taste, when replacement ingredients
31、 are available. And sodium levels in similar popular foods made by different manufacturers often vary two- or threefold (for example, a slice of pizza can pack anywhere from between 370 and 730 milligrams) , which suggests that many manufacturers can cut sodium levels in their foods sharply without
32、hurting taste. When salt levels in food drop, peoples preference for salt also shifts down, so no one would notice a gradual reduction in sodium across all foods.G Thats exactly what Britains Food Standards Agency has done. It divided processed food into different categories, set salt-reduction targ
33、ets in each category and then asked companies to meet those targets over time. And as these companies did that, from 2001 to 2011 , sodium consumption by the British fell 15 percent. The new study shows that this drop in salt intake has been accompanied by a substantial reduction in average blood pr
34、essure, a 40 percent drop in deaths from heart attacks and a 42 percent decline in deaths from stroke.H A few scientific critics have been arguing for years that reducing salt intake is risky because it might increase mortality in some people receiving aggressive treatment for congestive heart failu
35、re, but the British data show at a national level what smaller studies projectthat when sodium levels in everyones food drop, so does the number of people dying from heart disease and stroke.I Lower smoking rates in Britain no doubt are helping as well, but as the authors of the study point out, the
36、 fall in mortality echoes the success of Japan and Finland in earlier decades, both of which reduced sodium consumption from sky-high levels with focused government efforts and saw huge drops in heart attacks and strokes.J Here in the United States, in 2010, an Institute of Medicine panel was so tro
37、ubled by salt-caused deaths that it called for mandatory federal standards for sodium in food. But the question of whether the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should regulate salt is more complicated than it might seem at first. As an expert once told me, youre never going to ban pickles(泡菜).K Th
38、e only way to regulate that I can see is to set maximum sodium levels within many different food categories. But that could lead to opposite results if the levels are set high and then the companies already making food with sodium below those levels take the new limits as license to increase to the
39、maximum amount of sodium permitted. I believe that in the end we will need a combination of mandated maximums and a coordinated voluntary sodium-reduction program like that in Britain. But the voluntary plan should come first, to see how much sodium levels can be reduced that way.L There is absolute
40、ly no reason we cant do an initiative similar to Britains on this side of the Atlantic now. Over the last four years, the New York City health department has led the National Salt Reduction Initiative, a network of over 90 health departments and national organizations, including the American Medical
41、 Association, the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology and Consumers Union, working with food companies to voluntarily cut sodium, using Britain as a model.M Twenty-one companies, including food giants like Kraft, Unilever and Subway, and many others like Mars and Goya, hav
42、e joined, putting less sodium in common products like processed cheese and canned beans. But far more food companies are ignoring it, and the initiative got no commitments at all in 18 of 62 packaged food categories.N A proposal as important to human life as this needs the stature and resources of t
43、he federal government to bring the rest of the food industry along. The FDA has been developing a new plan for a voluntary, coordinated, national initiative. Unfortunately, even though it is voluntary, the food industry is fighting it, and the plan is stalled (停滞不前).O Many people are unnecessarily o
44、n kidney dialysis (透析), in stroke rehabilitation (康复) centers and dying because we are failing to act. Even modest reductions in sodium in food could save tens of thousands of lives and billions in health care costs every year. No one likes government mandates (指令) these days. But its high time the
45、federal government started to fix this problem by at least leading a voluntary initiative that we know will save many lives.（分数：20.00）(1).Its possible that food companies reduce sodium substantially in their foods with little effect on their taste.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The American federal government
46、is called for to take a lead in controlling the sodium in food.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The achievements of another two countries suggest that smoking relates less to the decline in deaths from heart disease and stroke in Britain.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).The foods that contain sodium and the amount of sodium they contain are beyond our imagination.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).To set maximum amounts of sodium within
