1、大学英语六级（2013 年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 238及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “In every end, there is also a beginning.“ You can give examples to illustrate your point an
2、d then explain what you will do to keep on making progress. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：11，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.At the end of March.B.In the middle of April.C.At the beginning of May.D.At the
3、end of May.A.She wants to book some plane tickets.B.Her assistant needs to buy some books for them.C.She needs to find a good hotel for the delegation.D.Her assistant needs to arrange the accommodation.A.He received a call from the delegation.B.He discussed with the Poland delegation.C.He knew it th
4、rough the contract they signed.D.He received an E-mail this morning and knew itA.A tour around the city.B.A cruise along the river.C.A visit around the campus.D.Discussion and some seminars.A.She found she wasnt registered in Chemistry 302A.B.She found she was registered in Chemistry 302B.C.She was
5、unsure which class she had registered.D.She wasnt registered in Chemistry 302B.A.Chemistry 302A, Dr. Smiths Class.B.Chemistry 302A, Dr. Nelsons Class.C.Chemistry 302B, Dr. Smiths Class.D.Chemistry 302B, Dr. Nelsons Class.A.Show the add/drop form to Professor Smith.B.Go on attending Professor Smiths
6、class.C.Come to the registration office with the form.D.Sort out the problem all by herself.A.She is worried she cant attend the course.B.She is worried she has to change professor.C.She is worried she might not be able to graduate.D.She is worried she might fall behind in the course.5.Section B_A.3
7、0.B.42.C.62.D.80A.Potential of human endurance.B.Superpower of magicians.C.Communication with supernatural forces.D.Street magic.A.He took advantage of his large circle of friends.B.He attempted all sorts of adventures worldwide.C.He combined fantastic magic with successful publicity.D.He never made
8、 any mistake in his performances.A.All were concerned about boxes.B.All were demonstrated with celebrity.C.All were demonstrated longer than a week.D.All were live telecast.A.A real book.B.A computer file.C.A handheld device.D.A piece of paper.A.Government may stop it as abnormal competition.B.Write
9、rs wont always be happy to gain exposure.C.The websites do not make profits in this way.D.Some people may misuse the websites.A.Theyre still searching for effective ways blindly.B.Theyre at a loss how to make e-books small enough.C.Theyve lowered the price of e-books greatly.D.Theyve progressed much
10、 in making e-books like real ones.6.Section C_A.It is a typical 26-mile marathon.B.It is longer than a typical one.C.It is a tough one on icy roads.D.It was initiated by Scott Jurek.A.He won prizes in many racing competitions.B.He enjoyed outdoor activities in the snow.C.He grew up hunting and fishi
11、ng.D.He used to like running in fields.A.Its great but not healthy for body.B.It has helped him reach his extremity.C.Its beyond most racers endurance.D.Its an exploration of body and spirit.A.He caused a fire on a plane by smoking.B.His flight home was hijacked by terrorists.C.He experienced an acc
12、ident at 3,000 ft. high.D.His fear of height happened at high altitude.A.He should no longer put off anything in life.B.He should celebrate his survival with his friends.C.He should eliminate negative energy from his life.D.He should keep a good relationship with his wife.A.He felt it was cooler tha
13、n whats in a movie.B.He felt very excited to think about his kids.C.He was frightened very much.D.He had a sense of sadness.A.Entrance fees for public parks.B.Third parties use of public parks.C.Costs of maintaining public parks.D.Behaviors of dogs in public parks.A.It is a real community hub.B.It i
14、s a rose garden for women.C.Its Gods creation for believers.D.Its a paradise for local children.A.They charge visitors entrance fees.B.They keep the park tidy and welcoming.C.They go on patrol in the park to avoid theft.D.They organize various activities for visitors.A.Lower the price of the parks a
15、dmission ticket.B.Ban all commercial activities held in the park.C.Build a theatre in the park for local visitors.D.Charge money for third parties using parks.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_Throughout history man has observed such natural cycles as
16、 the rising and setting of the sun, the ebb and flow of the ocean tides, and the changes of the seasons. The 1 nature of these events provided people with a measure of 2 about things to come and give them reason to reflect on their past and plan for their future. The regularity of such social activi
17、ties as work hours, meal times, and holiday schedules 3 the extent to which human activity itself is organized in cycles. Recently, 4 effort has been spent investigating the effect of various biological rhythms in the human body. 5 , interest in these rhythms at least in part results from mans basic
18、 desire to predict future behavior. The human body 6 a number of repeatable rhythms: heartbeats, breathing rates, brain waves and other physiological processes within the human machine. Scientists studying rhythms in humans have measured sleep patterns and attention 7 over periods of several days, a
19、nd have 8 the fact that the cycles exist and exert effects on physiological and sociological behavior. A common example is jet lag. A persons traveling in the east-west direction across time zones 9 his sleep cyclesit may take several days to return to the 10 cycle or to readjust to a new one.A) ind
20、icates E) considerable I) Certainly M) securityB) demonstrated F) upsets J) Thankfully N) exhibitsC) verifying 6) disappoints K) spans O) limitsD) normal H) periodic L) gorgeous（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Depression A In bed, you toss
21、and turn, unable to get a good nights sleep. You feel anxious and worried. Theres plenty to do, but the work piles up because you feel listless and tired. You dont even want to do anything fun. Friends tell you to “pull yourself together,“ but you feel helpless and hopeless. You have difficulty conc
22、entrating and making decisions. When you look in the mirror, you hate yourself. You are definitely in one of lifes valleysyou are depressed. Everyone gets the blues once in a while. Emotional lows and highs are a normal part of life. The blues become depression when you feel so sleepy and listless t
23、hat you cant function normally in everyday life.B Depression occurs at all ages, although major depressive episodes peak between the ages of 55 and 70 in men and 20 and 45 in women. About half of those who experience an episode of major depression will have another within two years. For some people,
24、 episodes of depression are separated by several years, while others suffer groups of episodes over a short time span. Between episodes, such individuals feel well.C Major depressive disorder affects approximately 14.8 million American adultstar 6.7 percent of the U.S. population aged 18 years and o
25、lderin a given year. Major depressive disorder is more common in women than in men. Although treatment can help more than 80 percent of people with severe depression, most people with depression do not seek treatment Depression can range from a mild panic to self-destructive or suicidal behavior. It
26、s important to understand the various types of depression so that you can recognize them.D Reactive depression. This type of depression is a reaction to stressful eventsdivorce, death of a loved one, a chronic illness, a personal tragedy, or even social isolation, which the elderly frequently experi
27、ence. The person is unable to recover normally from the feelings associated with the event Common feelings include self-pity, pessimism, and loss of interest in life. It affects people of all ages.E Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). If you live in the northern latitudes and suffer depression during
28、 the winter months, you may suffer from seasonal affective disorder caused by a lack of exposure to sunlight. Doctors arent sure exactly what physiological mechanisms are at work in SAD, but they speculate that depressed feelings and other symptoms may be due to an increase in the release of the hor
29、mone melatonin. SAD sufferers feel lethargic and irritable. They may also suffer from chronic headaches, increased appetite, weight gain, and an increased need for sleep. For unknown reasons, SAD is truly a “womans depression,“ in that women make up 70 percent to 80 percent of those affected. Since
30、about half of all SAD sufferers have relatives who also suffer from SAD or other emotional problems, researchers speculate that the problem may be inherited F Biochemical depression. Doctors arent sure why, but some people develop a biochemically based depression sometime during midlife. Its likely
31、that this type of depression is caused by biochemical problems within the brain. The problem usually responds well to antidepressant medication. You may be more likely to develop this type of chemical depression if other members of your family have also suffered from this problem.G Disease or drug-r
32、elated depression. Some diseases such as AIDS, stroke, chronic pain, and hypothyroidism (甲状腺功能减退) can cause depression. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland (甲状腺) malfunctions, leading to too little or no thyroid hormone circulating in the bloodstream. In addition to depression, other symptoms of hy
33、pothyroidism include fatigue, weakness, weight gain, impaired memory, and shortness of breath. Fortunately, the depression and other symptoms of hypothyroidism can be effectively treated with adequate doses of thyroid hormone.H Certain drugs such as alcohol, tranquilizers (镇定剂), and heart and blood
34、pressure medications, as well as withdrawal from some street drugs like cocaine, can cause drug-related depression. Some women who take birth control pills find the drugs make them irritable, anxious, and depressed. And a deficiency in some nutrients has been linked to depression.I Teenage depressio
35、n. Recognizing depression in children is important. Depression in teenagers may appear somewhat different from adult depression. The teenage years are a period of complicated conflicts that lead many young people to develop negative self-esteem, anxieties, and fears about their future. Some young pe
36、ople become overwhelmed by peer pressures and feelings of isolation and powerlessness. Social expectations may be unrealistic, and doing poorly in school can lead to a feeling of rejection. The young person may have experienced a lack of support from family and other significant people and a decreas
37、e in his or her ability to cope effectively. (As is the case for adults, treatment for depression in teenagers may involve a combination of therapies.)J Depression may be related to many factors, including a family history of depression, medical illnesses, alcohol, drugs, gender, and age. Additional
38、ly, an individuals self-confidence, personality traitssuch as dependency on others or perfectionismand unrealistic expectations may lead to depression. Stressful events, such as death of a spouse or loss of a job, also contribute to depression. Many people with major depression also suffer from inte
39、nse anxiety.K There are many theories about the causes of depression. The social learning theory suggests that lack of positive reinforcement from others may lead to negative self-evaluation and a poor outlook for the future. The psychoanalytic theory suggests that a significant loss (such as of a p
40、arent) or a withdrawal of affection in childhood (whether real or perceived) may lead to depression in later life. Interpersonal theory emphasizes the importance of social connections for good mental health. Other theories suggest that unrealistic expectations of oneself and others and loss of self-
41、esteem are essential components leading to depression.L Some individuals may be biologically predisposed to depression; in other words, they may have been born with a tendency to develop depression. Researchers continue to investigate chemical reactions in the body that are controlled by these genes
42、. Depression often runs in families. For example, if one identical twin suffers from depression, the other twin has a 70 percent chance of also having the illness.M Environmental Influences. Researchers view depression as the result of interaction between environmental and biological factors. Depres
43、sion can be endogenous (internally caused) or exogenous (related to outside events). Major changes in ones environment, such as a move or job change, or any major loss, such as a divorce or death of a loved one, can bring on depression. Some environmental factors relating to depression include being
44、 unemployed, poor, elderly, or alone. Depression changes ones way of looking at ordinary life circumstances. A depressed person tends to exaggerate negative aspects, which leads to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and being overwhelmed.N How do you recognize symptoms of depression in yourself
45、 and others? People who suffer from depression have a number of symptoms nearly every day, all day, for at least two weeks. Depressed people have feelings of extreme sadness, hopelessness, despair, low self-worth, and helplessness. For some people, depression is marked by anxiety, withdrawal from ot
46、hers, loss of sleep or excessive need for sleep, constant fatigue, loss of appetite or compulsive eating, loss of sexual desire, either lethargy or agitation, an inability to concentrate and make decisions, and possibly exaggerated feelings of guilt.O Many depressed individuals have mental and physical symptoms that seem endless and do not get better with happy events or good news. Some depressed people are so disabled by their condition that they d
