1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 367及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people? According to a recent study by the National Centre for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United St
2、ates has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a person“s desirable weight. Since the figures for “desirable weight“ have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundageeven at 20 percent overmay be considerab
3、le. So are the attendant health risks. Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases. Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they cons
4、ume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours a day in front of a TV setalong with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-packand there“s a car or two in every driveway. “There is no commitment to obesity as a public health problem,“ said Dr. William Dietz, director of c
5、linical nutrition at the New England Medical Centre in Boston. “We“ve ignored it, and blamed it on gluttony and sloth.“ If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A. Colditz, who teaches at Harvard Medical S
6、chool, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But what“s wrong blaming it on gluttony and sloth? True, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins. Losing weight is a desperat
7、ely difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway. As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smo
8、king, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well. Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of
9、 prevention can obviate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle.（分数：20.00）(1).The author setting up the standard of overweight people based on the fact that _.（分数：4.00）A.the number of overweight people has astonishingly increasedB.people have a different idea about their desirable weight nowC.
10、overweight becomes a threat to people“s healthD.the overweight problem has long been studied(2).By saying “So are the attendant health risks“ in Paragraph 3, the author means _.（分数：4.00）A.America suffers health risks as well as the overweight problemB.health risks resulted from overweight are seriou
11、s tooC.overweight is classified as one of the health problemsD.people have also paid much attention to the possible health risks(3).What does William Dietz think of overweight?（分数：4.00）A.Overweight should be treated as a public health problem.B.Overweight should be attributed to gluttony and sloth.C
12、.Overweight has much to do with nutritional problems.D.Overweight has nothing to do with the overuse of cars.(4).Most Americans believe that _.（分数：4.00）A.the overweight problem has cost the nation muchB.obesity is related to one“s physical conditionsC.people who are overweight are unfortunateD.glutt
13、ony and sloth are two deadly sins(5).In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone need to _.（分数：4.00）A.be taught to prevent gaining weightB.be educated to lose weight effectivelyC.seek help from consumer informationD.know what makes a healthy dinnerMaybe unemployment i
14、sn“t so bad after all. A new study says that, income notwithstanding, having a demanding, unstable and thankless job may make you even unhappier than not having a job at all. Given that a paid position gives workers purpose and a structured role, researchers had long thought that having any job woul
15、d make a person happier than being unemployed. That turns out to be true if you move into a high-quality jobbut taking a bad job is detrimental to mental health. Australian National University researchers looked at how various psychosocial work attributes affect well-being. They found that poor-qual
16、ity jobsthose with high demands, low control over decision making, high job insecurity and an effort-reward imbalancehad more adverse effects on mental health than joblessness. The researchers analyzed seven years of data from more than 7,000 respondents of an Australian labour survey for their Occu
17、pational and Environmental Medicine study in which they wrote: As hypothesized, we found that those respondents who were unemployed had significantly poorer mental health than those who were employed. However, the mental health of those who were unemployed was comparable or more often superior to th
18、ose in jobs of the poorest psychosocial quality. The current results therefore suggest that employment strategies seeking to promote positive outcomes for unemployed individuals need to also take account of job design and workplace policy. Moving from unemployment to a job with high psychosocial qua
19、lity was associated with improvements in mental health, the author said. Meanwhile, the mental health of people in the least-satisfying jobs declined the most over timeand the worse the job, the more it affected workers“ well-being. Unemployed people in the Australian study had a mental-health score
20、 (based on the five-item Mental Health Inventory, which measures depression, anxiety and positive well-being in the previous month) of 68.5. Employed people had an average score of 75.1. The researchers found that moving from unemployment to a good job raised workers“ scores by 3.3 points, but takin
21、g a bad job led to a 5.6-point drop below average. That was worse than remaining unemployed, which led to decline of about one point. These findings underscore the importance of employment to a person“s well-being. Rather than seeking any new job, the study suggests that people who are unemployed or
22、 stuck doing lousy work should seek new positions that offer more security, autonomy and a reasonable workload. But that“s a lot easier said than done. Perhaps employers could be persuaded to be more mindful of the mental health of their workershappier employees are a benefit to their employers. “Th
23、e erosion of work conditions,“ the researchers noted, “may incur a health cost, which over the longer term will be both economically and socially counterproductive.“（分数：20.00）(1).The traditional thought that having any job is better than being unemployed is true when _.（分数：4.00）A.the element of sala
24、ry is consideredB.people have a sense of accomplishmentC.people take a high-quality jobD.people do not have to work overtime(2).The word “detrimental“ (Line 4, Para.2) may be replaced by _.（分数：4.00）A.favourableB.harmfulC.necessaryD.important(3).Which of the followings is not a characteristic of poor
25、-quality jobs?（分数：4.00）A.High sense of achievement.B.High demands.C.Low control over decision making.D.High job insecurity.(4).What does the study carried out by researchers from Australian National University suggest?（分数：4.00）A.The employment strategies are poorly designed.B.The mental health of th
26、ose who were unemployed was not as good as that of those in jobs of the poorest psychosocial quality.C.Job design and workplace policy should be included into employment strategies aiming to help the unemployed.D.The mental health of people in the least-satisfying jobs increased the most over time.(
27、5).What should employers do according to the researchers?（分数：4.00）A.They should increase the competitiveness of the working environment.B.They should reduce the working hours of their employees.C.They should provide training classes to improve the physical fitness of their employees.D.They should be
28、 more concerned with the mental health of their workers.The fertile land of the Nile delta is being eroded along Egypt“s Mediterranean coast at an astounding rate, in some parts estimated at 100metres per year. In the past, land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Se
29、a used to be replaced by sediment brought dawn to the delta by the River Nile, but this is no longer happening. Up to now, people have blamed this loss of delta land on the two large dams at Aswan in the south of Egypt, which hold back virtually all of the sediment that used to flow down the river.
30、Before the dams were built, and the Nile flowed freely, carrying huge quantities of sediment north from Africa“s interior to be deposited on the Nile delta. This continued for 7,000 years, eventually covering a region of over 22,000 square kilometres with layers of fertile silt. Annual flooding brou
31、ght in new, nutrient-rich soil to the delta region, replacing what had been washed away by the sea, and dispensing with the need for fertilizers in Egypt“s richest food-growing area. But when the Aswan dams were constructed in the 20th century to provide electricity and irrigation, and to protect th
32、e huge population centre of Cairo and its surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought, most of the sediment with its natural fertilizer accumulated up above the dam in the southern, upstream half of Lake Nasser, instead of passing down to the delta. Now, however, there turns out to be more to
33、 the story. It appears that the sediment-free water emerging from the Aswan dams picks up silt and sand as it erodes the river bed and banks on the 800-kilometre trip to Cairo. Daniel Jean Stanley of the Smithsonian Institute noticed that water samples taken in Cairo, just before the river enters th
34、e delta, indicated that the river sometimes carries more than 850 grams of sediment per cubic metre of wateralmost half of what it carried before the dams were built. “I“m ashamed to say that the significance of this didn“t strike me until I had read 50 or 60 studies,“ says Stanley in Marine Geology
35、. “There is still a lot of sediment coming into the delta, but virtually no sediment comes out into the Mediterranean to replenish the Coastline. So this sediment must be trapped on the delta itself.“ According to Siegel, international environmental organizations are beginning to pay closer attentio
36、n to the region, partly because of the problems of erosion and pollution of the Nile delta, but principally because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterranean coastal ecosystem. But there are no easy solutions. In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solutio
37、n would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available, “In m
38、y view, Egypt must devise a way to have more water running through the river and the delta,“ says Stanley. Easier said than done in a desert region with a rapidly growing population.（分数：20.00）(1).Why is the fertile land of the Nile delta being eroded?（分数：4.00）A.Because some chemicals corroded the la
39、nd.B.Because the land has been deserted for a long time.C.Because acid rain eroded the land.D.Because land cleaned away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea cannot be refilled by sediment.(2).The Nile delta didn“t need fertilizers because _.（分数：4.00）A.the Nile carried huge qua
40、ntities of sediment from Africa to be deposited on the Nile deltaB.annual flooding washed away fertile siltC.the soil itself contained large quantity of nutritionD.annual flooding brought in new, nutrient-rich soil to the delta region(3).Which of the followings is not a purpose for the construction
41、of Aswan dams?（分数：4.00）A.To provide electricity.B.To supply irrigation water.C.To promote shipping industry.D.To protect Cairo and its surrounding areas from annual flooding.(4).What does Stanley find out about the real effect of the Aswan dams?（分数：4.00）A.The sediment replenishes the Mediterranean c
42、oastline.B.The sediment must be left on the delta.C.The dams causes frequent landslides.D.The dams destroyed the ecosystem of the area.(5).In the long run, what is a possible solution to the problem of the erosion of the Nile delta?（分数：4.00）A.A method such as desalination to increase the amount of w
43、ater available.B.A way to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways.C.A method which takes the whole Mediterranean coastal ecosystem into consideration.D.A pollution of the Nile delta.A number of scientific studies have found that the amount of sugar we consume is a major factor in how
44、 big Americans have become. In the last half-century, consumption of sugars by the average American has increased by more than 24 pounds a year, expanding waistlines and crowding out more nutritious foods. Furthermore, the studies indicate that the main dietary culprit (罪魁祸首) for both the increase i
45、n sugar and the weight of Americans has been the ever-growing consumption of sugary drinks, especially soda. These soft drinks contribute 7 percent of the calories Americans consume, making them the leading source of added sugar and the single largest source of calories in our diet. Critics have rep
46、eatedly blamed high-fructose corn syrup, the inexpensive sweetener that has helped to keep soda prices down and allowed consumption to soar. But in fact, no sugary beverage and no caloric sweetener are blameless. Not ordinary table sugar; not brown sugar or raw sugar; not honey; not even fruit juice
47、 concentrate. All these sweeteners when added to drinks contribute mostly empty calories that do little to satisfy the appetite and end up as excess energy that the body ultimately turns to fat. And soda, though the most common sugary beverage, is not the only one involved. In fact, after decades of
48、 increases, soda consumption has levelled off, but sports drinks, energy drinks and sweetened teas have become increasingly important contributors to the liquid calories Americans consume. To improve the health of its residents and its coffers, New York State is considering a consumption tax of abou
49、t one penny per ounce on high-calorie sweetened beverages. The American Beverage Association, which takes major credit for an 88 percent reduction in sugared soda calories in the nation“s schools, has seriously undermined its credibility with ads opposing the so-called soda tax. In association-sponsored commercials on television and radio, housewives spout the ridiculous argument that such a tax would make it more difficult for them to feed their families. But on no nutritionist“s list are you likely to find soda listed as a desirable dietary ingred
