1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 202及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_Memory appears to be stored in several parts of the limbic(边缘的)system of the brain, and any condition that interferes with the function of this system
2、 can cause amnesia. Aging is a frequent cause. As humans advance in age, the hearts action, as well as the walls of blood vessels, change. It is thought that too little blood reaching brain cells, and sometimes the lack of certain nutrients, causes the death of small portions of the brain. Old memor
3、ies and new ones are kept in different portions of the brain, and many older people can recall events that took place years before while being unable to remember what they ate at their last meal. An inability to store or learn new information may also occur with advanced age. Several degenerative(退化
4、的)diseases of old age can cause profound amnesia. Primarily in older men, transient(暂时的)global amnesia causes severe loss of memory for minutes or hours. This is a progressive condition about which little can be done. Alcoholism is another leading cause of amnesia. Many heavy drinkers cannot recall
5、the events of the time when they were intoxicated. In alcoholism of long duration, the gradual deterioration of brain cells takes place, and memory can become permanently confused. Injuries to the head often result in amnesia for the time just before and just after an accident. As the injury heals,
6、memory gradually returns. Tumors or other growth in the brain that affect the limbic system can also cause amnesia, when treatment of the growth is successful, the amnesia is cured. Classic amnesia may be described as the condition of an otherwise healthy person who “wakes up“ in a strange place una
7、ble to recall his name, where he came from, or where he is going. It is interesting to note that such a person, however, retains knowledge of language and social customs. This kind of amnesia is probably due to emotional stress and is called hysterical amnesia. It occurs when some event is seen as s
8、o shameful or when problems become so overwhelming that the person concerned is unable to face reality. Instead, complete amnesia develops. Hysterical amnesia is treated through psychotherapy and sometimes the administration of drugs such as sodium amobarbital, which causes a person to talk freely.
9、Clues to the past may appear under the sedation, and the psychotherapist can use these to prod(促使)the memory of the patient.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, the forming of amnesia is most closely related to_.（分数：2.00）A.old ageB.use of drugsC.damage of brainD.lack of nutrients(2).Even doctors
10、can do little about_.（分数：2.00）A.amnesia caused by brain cells lacking bloodB.old peoples inability to store or learn new informationC.old peoples amnesia caused by degenerative diseasesD.loss of memory for minutes or longer time(3).Memory may never return when_.（分数：2.00）A.one develops long-term alco
11、holismB.one gets injured to the headC.one has tumors in the brainD.one gets affected in the limbic system(4).It can be inferred from the passage that hysterical amnesia may _.（分数：2.00）A.develop into complete amnesia if not curedB.be derived from psychological problemsC.result in the patients shamefu
12、l emotionD.cause the loss of language ability(5).When a patient is under the administration of drugs, _.（分数：2.00）A.he cooperates fully with the psychotherapistB.his memory will be recovered soonC.his emotional stress will be eliminatedD.he talks about the past without reservationsWomen who drank thr
13、ee or more cups of coffee a day were 30 percent less likely to have memory decline at age 65 than whose who drank one cup or less daily. And the benefit increased with age. Women over age 80 who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were about 70 percent less likely to have memory decline than th
14、ose who drank one cup or less, the researchers said. Caffeinated tea had the same effect in the women, the study found, although more was needed to get the same caffeine boost. “Count roughly two cups of tea for a cup of coffee,“ said study leader Karen Ritchie of INSERM, the French National Institu
15、te for Health and Medical Research. But the researchers didnt find a similarly protective effect in men, although other studies have found a benefit to males. How might caffeine help ward off cognitive decline? “It is a cognitive stimulant,“ said Ritchie. It also helps to reduce levels of the protei
16、n called beta amyloid in the brain, she said, “whose accumulation is responsible for Alzheimers disease but which also occurs in normal aging.“ Ritchie said she wasnt sure why men in the study didnt benefit from caffeine. “Our hypothesis is that either women metabolize caffeine differently than men,
17、 or there may be an interaction of the caffeine with the sex hormones, the estrogen-progesterone balance,“ she said. The French study confirms previous research, said William Scott, professor of medicine at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, who has researched caffeines beneficial ef
18、fects against Parkinsons disease, also a neurodegenerative disorder. As for caffeine only protecting women, Scott noted that just 2,800 of the 7,000 study participants were men, and the results might have differed if more men were included. A study published in February in the European Journal of Cl
19、inical Nutrition looked at 676 healthy men and found that regular coffee drinkers had a lower rate of cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up than those who didnt drink coffee. Those who drank three cups daily had the least signs of decline. Both Scott and Ritchie agreed that more study is needed
20、. Ritchies research will next look at the relationship between caffeine and Alzheimers.（分数：10.00）(1).As it is indicated in the first paragraph, how does coffee influence womens memory?（分数：2.00）A.The older the woman was, the more remarkable her memory was.B.The more coffee the woman drank, the more s
21、lowly her memory declined.C.The older the woman was, the more slowly her memory declined.D.The more coffee the woman drank, the more remarkable her memory was.(2).What is true about caffeinated tea?（分数：2.00）A.It affected womens memory in the same manner as coffee.B.It influenced womens memory as eff
22、ectively as coffee.C.It boosted womens memory in the same rate as coffee.D.It contained the same amount of caffeine as coffee.(3).According to Ritchie, Alzheimers disease is resulted from _.（分数：2.00）A.the lack of caffeine in the brainB.the accumulation of beta amyloidC.high level of proteins in the
23、brainD.abnormal metabolism in normal aging(4).William Scott would most probably agree that caffeine helped _.（分数：2.00）A.reduce the risk of Alzheimers diseaseB.retard the process of cognitive declineC.balance the production of female hormonesD.protect both men and women from diseases(5).What was the
24、authors attitude towards the research of caffeines beneficial effect on men?（分数：2.00）A.Doubtful.B.Convinced.C.Matter-of-fact.D.Cautious.Google must be the most ambitious company in the world. Its stated goal, “to organize the world s information and make it universally accessible and useful,“ delibe
25、rately omits the word “web“ to indicate that the company is reaching for absolutely all information everywhere and in every form. From books to health records and videos, from your friendships to your click patterns and physical location, Google wants to know. To some people this sounds uplifting, w
26、ith promises of free access to knowledge and help in managing our daily lives. To others, it is somewhat like another Big Brother, no less frightening than its totalitarian(极权主义的)ancestors for being in the private information. Randall Stross, a journalist at the New York Times, does a good job of an
27、alyzing this unbounded ambition in his book “Planet Google“. One chapter is about the huge data centers that Google is building with a view to storing all that information, another about the sets of rules at the heart of its web search and advertising technology, another about its approach to inform
28、ation bound in books, its vision for geographical information and so forth. He is at his best when explaining how Googles mission casually but fatally smashes into long-existing institutions such as, say, copyright law or privacy norms. And yet, its puzzling that he mostly omits the most fascinating
29、 component of Google, its people. Google is what it is because of its two founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, who see themselves as kindly elites and embody the limitless optimism about science, technology and human nature that is native to Silicon Valley. The world is perfectible, and they are th
30、e ones who will do much of the perfecting, provided you let them. Brin and Page set out to create a company and an entire culture in their image. From the start, they professed that they would innovate as much in managingrewarding, feeding, motivating, entertaining and even transporting(via Wi-Fi-en
31、abled free shuttle buses)their employeesas they do in internet technology. If Google is in danger of becoming a caricature(讽刺画), this is first apparent herein the over-engineered day-care centers, the Shiatsu massages and kombucha teas(康普茶). In reality Googlers are as prone to power struggle and off
32、ice politics as anyone else. None of that makes it into Mr Stross account, which at times reads like a diligent summary of news articles. At those moments, “Planet Google“ takes a risk similar to trying to board a speeding train: the Google story changes so fast that no book can stay up to date for
33、long. Even so, a sober description of this moment in Googles quest is welcome. Especially since Google fully expects, as its chief executive, Eric Schmidt, says at the end of the book, to take 300 years completing it.（分数：10.00）(1).By describing Google as a “Big Brother“, people think that Google _.（
34、分数：2.00）A.is a pioneer in IT industryB.is an invader of privacyC.breaks its promise of free accessD.overestimates its own influence(2).According to Randall Stross, Googles influence on copyright law or privacy norms is _.（分数：2.00）A.inevitableB.undeniableC.long-lastingD.unintentional(3).What does the
35、 author think of Sergey Brin and Larry Page?（分数：2.00）A.They are the most crucial component of Google.B.They are deliberately omitted in the book “Planet Google“.C.They bring Silicon Valley the most advanced science and technology.D.They are the persons who never stop pursuing a better world.(4).What
36、 do we know about the Google employees in reality?（分数：2.00）A.They intrigue against each other in the office.B.They are all hard-working and talented.C.They appreciate the managing techniques.D.They feel encouraged by the companys benefits.(5).What does the author imply by saying “Planet Google takes
37、 a risk similar to trying to board a speeding train“?（分数：2.00）A.Planet Google will be in danger if it stays up to date for long.B.Planet Google have to take 300 years to catch the speeding train.C.The board of Google welcomes Randall Stross to cover Google story.D.A written book can only cover a lit
38、tle part of the on-going technology.In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of lifes problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to
39、turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today. In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War n. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family
40、 relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subco
41、nsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned. Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relev
42、ant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been pos
43、sible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard peo
44、ple with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and, or jobs to travel
45、 to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have a
46、ccurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power“ may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.（分数：10
47、.00）(1).Many of lifes problems people encounter today are the result of the fact that _.（分数：2.00）A.they move far away from each otherB.they have difficulty securing the needed informationC.they lack the confidence of obtaining reliable informationD.they dont know how to communicate with others now(2
48、).The author intends to tell us that we used to _.（分数：2.00）A.solve our problems by turning to far-away expertsB.communicate with each other unconsciouslyC.believe that reliable information would be available when neededD.find the information we needed within a short time(3).What happens when we are
49、available with more information than ever before?（分数：2.00）A.It is more convenient for us to learn about things consciously.B.It causes the modern technology to develop faster than ever.C.We dont have to turn to experts for advice for solving our problems.D.It still takes us much time to locate the accurate information we need.(4).It is imp
