1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 204及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_Imagine eating everything delicious you wantwith none of the fat That would be great, wouldnt it? New “fake fat“ products appeared on store shelves in
2、 the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also
3、cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So its up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating. Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the d
4、esired fat, the researchers created a fat that cant be digested at all. Normally, special chemicals in the intestines(肠)“grab“ molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The f
5、atty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecu
6、les of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say its that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of reg
7、ular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids(类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc. Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K
8、as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance t
9、hat_.（分数：2.00）A.contains plenty of nutrientsB.makes foods fat-free while keeping them deliciousC.renders foods calorie-free while retaining their vitaminsD.makes foods easily digestible(2).The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be _.（分数：2.00）A.just as anticipatedB.commer
10、cially uselessC.quite unexpectedD.somewhat controversial(3).Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that _.（分数：2.00）A.it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyB.it passes through the intestines without being absorbedC.it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD.it prevents excessi
11、ve intake of vitamins(4).What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?（分数：2.00）A.It may increase the risk of cancer.B.It may spoil the consumers appetite.C.It may impair the digestive system.D.It may affect the overall fat intake.(5).Why are nutritionists concerned about a
12、dding vitamins to olestra?（分数：2.00）A.People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.B.It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.C.It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.D.The function of the intestines may be weakened.To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciatio
13、n for Dahrendorfs assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change. Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much
14、a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shu
15、ttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire(变得混乱)and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it.
16、 Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of
17、technology on our lives deserves a closer examination. Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that
18、 the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it
19、 led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few. In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new p
20、ossibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity
21、 of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.（分数：10.00）(1).A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it _.（分数：2.00）A.is used both as a cultural and a phy
22、sical objectB.serves different purposes equally wellC.is utilized by manD.can be of use to both man and animal(2).The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our worldB.technology
23、is a human creation, so we are responsible for itC.technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by manD.being a human creation, technology is liable to error(3).According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because _.（分数：2.00）A.the computer has revolutionized t
24、he workings of the human mindB.the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people beforeC.it has helped to switch to an information technologyD.it has a great potential impact on society(4).By using the phrase “the human quality of technology“(Line 6, Para. 2), the author refers to the
25、fact that technology _.（分数：2.00）A.has a great impact on human lifeB.has some characteristics of human natureC.can replace some aspects of the human mindD.does not exist in the natural world(5).The passage is based on the authors_.（分数：2.00）A.keen insight into the nature of technologyB.prejudiced crit
26、icism of the role of the Industrial RevolutionC.cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computersD.exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technologyIn the battle for the young soda drinkers of China, U.S.-based Pepsi-Cola may have found a powerful new weapon: young
27、 street sellers toting(背负)backpack soda dispensers. It may sound trivial, but in Chinas teeming(拥挤的)cities, getting cold carbonated drinks into the hands of the young can be a struggle. Vending machines are often out of order, hawkers with pushcarts cant keep drinks cold enough, and the friendly mom
28、-and-pop comer stores just dont cut it with teenagers trying to act hip. The backpack dispensers are the latest twist in a continuing battle between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola for Chinas soda drinkers. Since 1996, Pepsi has virtually conceded dominance to Coca-Cola in all but a few international
29、 markets. Among the exceptions is China, where Pepsi-Cola believes it can make a last stand by appealing to youth. So far, however, it hasnt gained much ground. Research firm AC Nielsen says a January survey indicated Coca-Cola had captured 47% of Chinas market for carbonated beveragesSprite and Fan
30、ta. Pepsi-Colas share lagged well behind at 19%, most of which was due to Pepsi, followed by 7-Up and Mountain Dew. Globally, Coca-Cola had a 51% share of beverage sales last year, compared with 21% for Pepsi-Cola. Coca-Colas China marketing director in Hong Kong, John Cheung, says his firm tried ba
31、ckpack dispensers in China a few years ago but decided they werent paying off because the drinks warmed up too quickly. But Pepsi-Colas Tan says the dispensers his company usesmade by U.S.-based Thirst Enders Internationalkeep the rate of warming to a minimum: two degrees an hour on a hot day. With
32、shoppers in Chengdu gulping down the 32 cups in each tank within an hour, the drinks are always cool. Cheung admits that another reason for Coca-Colas disappointing results was that it picked older, unemployed adults to wear the dispensers, rather than upbeat young people. Pepsi-Cola avoided that mi
33、stake by recruiting from universities. “We want people who can be identified by the young customers with selling the drinks,“ says Tan. “They need to be young, energetic and outgoing.“ Pepsi-Cola also has used the dispensers in the Philippines and Singapore for promotions and sporting events. In Chi
34、na, it may start using them at soccer gamesit sponsors the countrys premier league. Tan says he wants to take the packs nationwide “as soon as possible“. That will mean convincing bottlers and distributors to stump up $1,000 for each pack.(Under Pepsi-Colas arrangements with its local partners, the
35、partners bear the full cost.) Coca-Colas Cheung admits hes watching Pepsi-Colas gambit(策略)carefully. “If the day comes that the backpack is such a big advantage,“ he says, “Well use them too.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the third paragraph, the backpack-dispenser approach appeared _.（分数：2.00）A.promis
36、ingB.ineffectiveC.to work in only few international marketsD.to cause Pepsi to lose more market share(2).It can be inferred that the most successful backpack dispensers must be _.（分数：2.00）A.light enough for salespeople to wearB.externally appealing to young peopleC.thermally stable enoughD.technolog
37、ically flawless(3).Coca-Colas wrong choice of its street sellers shows that _.（分数：2.00）A.cola is more popular with young peopleB.people prefer to buy cola at regular storesC.university students are more capable sellersD.the company considers too much about cost(4).What is John Cheungs attitude towar
38、ds the feasibility of the backpack strategy?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Disappointed.C.Doubtful.D.Cautious.(5).What can we infer about the Pepsis backpack strategy?（分数：2.00）A.The backpack strategy is most effectively used in sports events.B.The backpack dispensers need to be financed by Pepsis partners.
39、C.The backpack strategy will be carried out soon throughout China.D.The backpack dispensers used in the Philippines proved a success.In the 1920s America enjoyed what was to become known as “an Age of Excess“. From 1921-1929 manufacturing output increased with only a small checkthe mild recession of
40、 1924, and real GNP(1929 prices)rose 45.6 percent. In real terms it was a vigorous expansion with the added attractions of stable prices, rising real wages, and mainly “full“ employment. So the 1920s boom remains a legend in the American economic history. The boom was created by several factors that
41、 worked together. The three presidents of the twenties, Harding, Coolidge and Hoover were all Republicans who supported business and the stock market. The Republicans were against any kind of welfare state or the government regulating business. They introduced lower tax rates and raised tariffs on f
42、oreign goods so they could not compete with American business. This was known as “protectionism“. Americas economy had not suffered from World War I. In fact it had been strengthened by trading arms to the allies. In the twenties, there was a substantial growth in production, jobs, profits, wages an
43、d the standard of living. The growth in production created more jobs, and because more people had more money they could buy the newly produced goods. More goods needed to be produced so more jobs and profits were created. This led to the twenties seeing the start of mass production and consumerism.
44、For the first time items like cars and refrigerators were available and affordable to the middle classes, and secondary industries such as advertising became very profitable. There was an inevitable change in the ideas and actions of society. People could afford to enjoy their leisure time and the l
45、eisure industries also boomed. Much of American Society was changed by the Boom. More people could go out and enjoy themselves because of the increased leisure time and affluence of society. Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald called it “the Age of Excess“. Jazz music had a massive effect on the youth of Ame
46、rica, as they became more outgoing. More started smoking and going out, and women started to wear shorter skirts and other more outrageous fashions. Older generations hated the new music and showed apparent disrespect of younger people. A new kind of woman was created, called a “flapper“. Hollywood
47、promoted these women and their fashions as the rogue actresses became icons for other young ladies. To most, these women were nothing but a sign of the times, a decline in traditional standards.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage, we learn that “the Age of Excess“ _.（分数：2.00）A.was the result of “protecti
48、onism“ and “consumerism“B.was the most economically prosperous times in the U.S.C.was a term first used by a writer named F. Scott FitzgeraldD.was the only period when the unemployment rate was zero(2).The three republican presidents contributed to the boom of U.S. economy in the 1920s because they
49、advocated_.（分数：2.00）A.the idea of welfare stateB.business regulated by the governmentC.raising duties on imported goodsD.business competition among countries(3).It can be inferred that mass production started when _（分数：2.00）A.the needs for consumer goods kept growingB.the middle class could afford to buy luxuriesC.secondary in
