1、大学英语六级综合-阅读(七)及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)二、Unit 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears o
2、ne has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole.The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the indi
3、vidual himself?. If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of
4、dress: such that a poor person who cannot afford good quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealth,/person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same c
5、lothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve ones life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life tha
6、n they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different t
7、ypes of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect
8、on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. The entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.（分数：5.00）(1).The authors primary purpose in writing this passage was to _.（分数：1.00）A.p
9、lead for the abolishment of uniformsB.show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic societyC.advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniformsD.convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages(2).Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the
10、same car or eat the same food?（分数：1.00）A.To show that freedom of choice is absolute.B.To show that the government has interfered too much in the lives of individual.C.To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory.D.To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations.(3).W
11、hich of the following statements is the opinion of those who support uniforms?（分数：1.00）A.The person who wears a uniform has no self-worth.B.Wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger concept.C.Uniforms will hurt the entire information and entertainment industry.D.Envy a
12、nd competition are incentive to improve ones lif(4).The word “superfluous“ Line 4, Par（分数：1.00）A.3 ) most probably means _.A. indispensableB. availableC. surplusD. supplementary(5).The next paragraph in this passage might discuss _.（分数：1.00）A.the positive effects of wearing uniformsB.more negative e
13、ffects of wearing uniformsC.an alternative to wearing uniformsD.the legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniforms四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In a democratic society, citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public office, taxes, constitutional amendments, environment
14、al concerns, foreign policy, and other issues. The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special interest groups, and opinion leaders.Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory
15、 workers probably do not share the same views as white collar, nonunion workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of fulltime homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapes ones view of current events.The mass media, especially televis
16、ion, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Government officials note how mail from the public tends to “follow the headlines“. Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts so much attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express opinio
17、ns.The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remain localized. In Great Britain and Germany, for example, elections to the natio
18、nal legislatures were usually viewed by voters as local contests. Todays elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs. In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his “fireside chats“, presidents
19、have appealed directly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs.Special groups spend vast sums annually trying to influence public opinion. Public utilities, for instance, tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens
20、 organizations that lobbied to halt the use of nuclear power. During the 1960s the American Medical Association conducted an unsuccessful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of Medicare.Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians, show business personali
21、ties, and celebrity athletes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight with some segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel prizewinners, are suddenly thrust into public view by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their vi
22、ews gain a hearing and are perhaps influential in shaping views on complex issues.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.Freedom of speech in a democratic society.B.Impact of the mass media.C.Forces that influence peoples opinion.D.Necessity of upholding ones ideals.(2).We can infe
23、r from the second paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.the gender influences peoples viewB.peoples status influences their viewC.the living standard influences peoples viewD.different ranks influence peoples view(3).The expression “follow the headlines“ (Lines 2-3, Par（分数：1.00）A.3 ) shows that _.A. people se
24、ldom have time to read newspaper articlesB. people think the headlines contain the most important informationC. people often get their opinions from newspapers or televisionD. most people look on newspapers or TV as misleading(4).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.TV
25、programs have a strong influence on governmental policy.B.Chats on televisions are chief means for running for presidency.C.More and more people show interest in politics because of TV.D.Before the use of TV, people showed little interest in politics.(5).It is obvious that the opinion of famous peop
26、le _.（分数：1.00）A.is often ignored by the publicB.is seldom expressed to the pointC.is often imposed on the publicD.has a strong influence on the public五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Using a public telephone may well be one of the minor irritations of life, demanding patience, determination and a stron
27、g possibility of failure, together on occasion with considerable unpopularity.The hopeful caller (shall we call him George?) waits till six oclock in the evening to take advantage of the so-called “cheap rates“ for a long-distance call. The telephone box, with two broken panes of glass in the side,
28、stands at the junction of two main roads with buses, lorries and cars roaring past. It is pouring with rain as George joins a queue of four depressed-looking people. Time passes slowly and seems to come to a standstill while the person immediately before George carries on an endless conversation, pa
29、using only to insert another coin every minute or so.Eventually the receiver is replaced and the caller leaves the box. George enters and picks up one of the directories inside, only to discover that someone unknown has torn out the very page he needs. Nothing for it but to dial directory Enquiries,
30、 wait patiently for a reply down the number given.At last George can go ahead with his call. Just as he is starting to dial, however, the door opens and an unpleasant-looking face peers in with the demand, “Cant you hurry up?“ Ignoring such barbarity, George continues to dial and his unwanted compan
31、ion withdraws. At last he hears the bun-burr of the ringing tone, immediately followed by rapid pips demanding his money, but he is now so upset that he knocks down the coins he has placed ready on the top of the box. Having at last located them, he dials again: the pips are repeated and he hastily
32、inserts the coins. A cold voice informs him, “Grand Hotel, Chalfont Wells.“ Ive an urgent message for a Mr. Smith who is a guest in your hotel. Could you put me through to him? Im afraid I dont know his room number.“The response appears less than enthusiastic and a long silence follows. George inser
33、ts more coins. Then the voice informs him, “Ive been trying to locate Mr. Smith but the hall porter reports having seen him leave about a minute ago.“Breathing heavily, George replaces the receiver, just as the knocking on the door starts again.（分数：5.00）(1).The main intention of the passage is to pr
34、ovide _.（分数：1.00）A.instructions about how to use a public call boxB.advice about how to deal with public telephone problemsC.criticism of the efficiency of telephone systemD.an account of possible annoyances in using a public telephone(2).Which of the following calls are you unlikely to make at the
35、“cheap rate“ referred to?（分数：1.00）A.To discuss your account in a bank in Scotland.B.To have a chat with an elderly relation.C.To ask about a friend in hospital who has just had an operation.D.To express Christmas greetings to cousins in Australi(3).George can at least be thankful that _.（分数：1.00）A.t
36、he call box is in a convenient positionB.the telephone itself is workingC.he can use the directory in the box to find the numberD.he is able to give his message to the hotel receptionist(4).Why does George have to dial a second time?（分数：1.00）A.He hasnt remembered to put the money in the box.B.He has
37、nt got enough money with him.C.He has got to find the money to put in the box.D.He cant find the number he wants in the directory.(5).What are Georges feelings when he completes his call?（分数：1.00）A.He has some difficulty in controlling his annoyance.B.He is very disappointed at missing his friends.C
38、.He is annoyed with himself for being so stupid.D.He is depressed at the thought of having to try again to get throug六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In America alone, tipping is now a 16-billion-a-year industry-all the more surprising since it is a behavioral oddity. Consumers acting rationally ought n
39、ot to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips, which are voluntary, above and beyond a services contracted cost, and delivered afterwards, should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of
40、inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.A paper analyzing data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the q
41、uality of service. Customers who rated a meal as “excellent“ still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price. Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New Y
42、ork restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter.In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. How to account for these
43、 national differences? Look no further than psychology. According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell Papers co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served by strangers. And, says Mr. Lynn, “in America, where peopl
44、e are outgoing and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off.“ Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip-a measure of their introversion and lack of neuroses, no doubt.While such explanations may be crude, the har
45、d truth seems to be that tipping does not work. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it actually inspirit the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. The cry of stingy tippers that service people should “just be paid a decent wage“ m
46、ay actually make economic sense.（分数：5.00）(1).From the text we learn that Americans _.（分数：1.00）A.are willing to give tips because they love the practiceB.like to give tips to service people to help them financiallyC.are reluctant to give tips, but they still do soD.are giving less and less tips(2).Th
47、e text indicates that in America _.（分数：1.00）A.customers will tip 8% to 37% of the meal price ifa meal is “excellent“B.a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip 15% of the meal priceC.the amount of tipping is standardized with different servicesD.the man who carries groceries for you can expec
48、t to get 15-20% of the service price(3).According to Paragraph Three，we can learn that_（分数：1.00）A.tips are voluntary in AmericaB.people dont tip in EuropeC.tipping is rare in many Asian countriesD.tipping is now popular in Iceland(4).According to Michael Lynn，_（分数：1.00）A.nervous people do not usuall
49、y tipB.Icelanders dont 1ike to show OffC.American people are anxiousD.people will ignore you if you tip badly(5).According to the passage，the author believes that in America_（分数：1.00）A.the better the service，the bigger the tipB.tips can reward the effort of good serviceC.tips can reduce feelings of inequalityD.tips cannot prompt better service七、Unit 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Children are getting so fat that they may be the first generation to die before their parents, an expert cl
