1、大学英语四级 114及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Challenge. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1中国加入 WTO，使中国面临着许多挑战。 2有挑战才有机会。 3中国应如何迎接挑战。 （分数：30.00）_二、Readi
2、ng Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Biggest Australian Budget Ever The Australian government is to announce some of the biggest ever spending increases in education, welfare, the foreign office and defence at lunchtime tomorrow. After a decade of strong industrial growth, record low unemployment and
3、a booming economy, the government feels confident enough to reinvest some of the funds it has been hoarding since it came to power four years ago. In accordance with the priorities which were stated when the Liberal party was elected, a very sizeable portion of this bounty will go to education and t
4、o schools in particular. Approximately A $1 billion is expected to go on educational building through the Neighbourhood Renewal Scheme. School buildings have suffered shameful neglect for over half a century. The population has grown and education has changed in that time but no new school buildings
5、 have been erected for 10 years. But this change should increase expenditure per child from some A $350 to over A $700. A further A $400 million will go on increasing teachers pay. There is national shortage of teachers, especially in areas such as science, mathematics and religion. The target to in
6、crease teachers in training to 5, 600 last year was missed by a huge margin; only 2, 533 actually enrolled. Increase both in basic pay and in incentive enrolled. Increases both in basic pay and in incentive schemes, such as rewards for conspicuous achievement and cash payments for trainee teachers,
7、will be made. In contrast to last year, expenditure on health will rise by less than one per cent and changes here will be in research funding. The most notable change is in funding to the Adelaide Epidemiology Center which is nearing its goal of marketing a vaccination against AIDS. The Department
8、of Health will inject A $5. 8 million for the large-scale, double-blind trials it requires. This compares with A $ 575, 000 invested by the government in this programme last year. A government spokesman explains that, “health will be taking a back seat this year because of the huge increases announc
9、ed in this area over the previous two years.“ In other areas significant changes are also occurring. In the Department of Pensions and Welfare, state old age pensions, frozen at A $204 per month for the last three years are set to rise to A $225 per month. Unemployment benefit, likewise frozen for t
10、hree years, is also set to rise but not until next year. Thereafter, rises of 10.5% over each of the remaining three years of this Parliament are schedules. This is not as generous as it may seem, however, as certain categories of expenditure will be phased out. The Work Now Scheme to encourage sing
11、le mothers back into the labour market will go, as will the infamous YTCs. The Youth Training Councils received a bad press over the Manning scandal which led to the resignation of the Minister, but there is evidence that these schemes placed in work only those people who would have found work anywa
12、y. More importantly, the period over which unemployment benefit is paid has been cut from a year to eight months and this might remove 20% of all claimants. In Defence and the Foreign Office, there are increases in the funding of the Voice of Australia radio service. The A $ 128 million may seem a s
13、mall investment but it checks the reduction in funds from A $ 2 billion to A $ 698 million over the last decade which threatened to end the service entirely. A $ 500 million is being made available for two new warships and a further A $ 250 million for an extension to the Rapid Reaction Force now se
14、en as so much more important given recent political and civil unrest in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Fiji. （分数：71.00）(1).The Australian government has been increasing expenditure for four years.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).About A $1 billion will be put into educational building through the N
15、eighborhood Renewal Scheme.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).School buildings have been neglected for 10 years.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).There is national shortage of teachers in areas such as science and religion in Australia.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The Work now Scheme was unsuccessful.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Comp
16、ared to last year, expenditure on health will rise by less than 1% and changes here will be in research funding.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The state pension did not increase for four years.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8)._to encourage single mothers back into the labour market will go.（分数：7.10）_(9).The period ov
17、er which unemployment benefit is paid has been cut from a year to eight months and this might remove_.（分数：7.10）_(10).In Australia, A $0.5 billion is being made available for two new warships and_ for an extension to the Rapid Reaction Force.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Enjoyable
18、.B.Moving.C.Inspiring.D.Dull.A.At 7:30.B.At 6:30.C.At 6:00.D.At 5:30.A.Six.B.Eight.C.Seven.D.Nine.A.She is satisfied.B.She is tired.C.She is impatient.D.She is happy.A.In Hong Kong.B.On the way back.C.At home.D.In the university.A.She has too many dreams.B.She doesnt put her ideas into practice.C.Sh
19、e likes to sleep.D.She doesnt have many good ideas.A.She is not sure Tom is joking.B.She thinks Tom wants to go into business.C.She thinks Tom may sell his shop.D.She thinks Tom has already studied in university.A.The first car they saw is too expensive.B.They may save some money for the time being.
20、C.She is happy with the price set by the seller.D.Less money will be spent in the long run.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The handbag is brown.B.The handbag has a flap over the top.C.The handbag is a shoulder bag.D.The handbag is not made of leather.A.Her driving license.B.Her money.C.Her passport.D.H
21、er address book.A.At the reception desk.B.In the brasserie.C.In her room.D.At the hotel bank.A.The benefits of strong business competition.B.A proposal to lower the cost of production.C.Complaints about the expense of modernization.D.Suggestions concerning new business strategies.A.It costs much mor
22、e than its worth.B.It should be brought up-to-date.C.It calls for immediate repairs.D.It can still be used for a long time.A.The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.B.A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.C.The entire staff should be retained.D.Better-educated em
23、ployees should be promoted.A.Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.B.TV commercials are less expensive.C.Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.D.TV commercials attract more investments.A.Gold was discovered.B.The Transcontinental Railroad was completed.C.The Golden Gate Brid
24、ge was constructed.D.Telegraph communications were established with the East.A.Two million.B.Three million.C.Five million.D.Six million.A.Nineteen million dollars.B.Thirty-two million dollars.C.Thirty-seven million dollars.D.Forty-two million dollars.A.Because the bird couldnt repeat his masters nam
25、e.B.Because the bird screamed all day long.C.Because the bird uttered the wrong word.D.Because the bird failed to say the name of the town.A.The cruel master.B.The man in the kitchen.C.The pet bird.D.The fourth chicken.A.The bird had finally understood his threat.B.The bird managed to escape from th
26、e chicken house.C.The bird had learned to scream back at him.D.The bird was living peacefully with the chickens.A.Whether it can be detected and checked.B.Whether it will lead to widespread food shortage.C.Whether global warming will speed up in the future.D.Whether it will affect their own lives.A.
27、Many species have moved further north.B.Many species have come into existence.C.Many species have developed a habit of migration.D.Many species have become less sensitive to climate.A.Storms and floods.B.Disease and fire.C.Less space for their growth.D.Rapid increase of the animal population.A.They
28、will gradually die out.B.They will be able to survive in the preserves.C.They will have to migrate to find new homes.D.They will face extinction without artificial reproduction.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On the subject of AIDS, the UK government is apparently reluctant to allow the media to focus on
29、 the UK-based epidemic, and, on the (36) 1occasions that the subject is discussed, it is usually in the (37) 2of Africa. It is also common to find (38) 3limitation on the that young people receive, and in some places, sex (39) 4is actually il. Until recently in the UK, Section 28 of the Local Govern
30、ment Act 1988 (40) 5the promotion of homosexuality by local authorities. A large aspect of AIDS was (41) 6in schools, actually making it almost il for young gay men to be (42) 7about protecting themselves. It is likely that this piece of legislation is (43) 8for HIV infections which might otherwise
31、have been prevented. (44) 9in parts of Central America, for example, projects aimed at educating gay men about the dangers of HIV have been forced to close, and in much of the US, (45) 10. Even today in the UK, organizations such as the group “Family and Youth Concern“ are against sex in schools, sa
32、ying that it is equal to child abuse, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. This is an embarrassing subject fo
33、r English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system less rigid. But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class“ and the “working class.“ (
34、We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class,“ including the hereditary (世袭的) aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.) The middle class consist
35、s chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual (体力的) and unskilled workers. The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation (英语的标准发音) “ which
36、 is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. T
37、o have been to a so-called “public school“ immediately marks you out as one of the middle class. The middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. Their midday meal is “lunch“ and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner,“ where
38、as the working mans dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper. As we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. Working-class student
39、s very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. However, regardless of ones social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of e
40、verybody, and a well-bred (有教养的) person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a laborer with the same respect he gives an important businessman. Servility (卑屈) inspires both embarrassment and dislike. Even the word “sir,“ except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army, etc
41、.) sounds too servile to be commonly used. （分数：177.50）(1).The middle class mainly refers to people（分数：35.50）A.who were born as aristocratB.who have the right to sit in the House of LordsC.who speak in many different local accentsD.who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions(2).The
42、 most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in England is their_.（分数：35.50）A.dressB.workC.accentD.meal(3).Why isnt the word “sir“ commonly used in Britain?（分数：35.50）A.Because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment.B.Because it can only be used in some
43、certain occupations.C.Because it is an impolite word.D.Because it shows that the speaker is not a well-bred person.(4).The “upper class“ in England today _.（分数：35.50）A.are extremely small in number so that media pays no attention to themB.still uses old words like “sir “ in their everyday lifeC.incl
44、udes the hereditary aristocracyD.refers only to the royal family(5).Which of the following is not true about the English class system?（分数：35.50）A.It is an embarrassing subject for English people.B.Working-class students cannot receive a university education.C.The class system is much less rigid than
45、 it was.D.The class system still exists below the surface.Whatever their chosen method, Americans bathe zealously. A study conducted found that we take an average of 4.5 baths and 7.5 showers each week and in the ranks of non edible items purchased by store customers, bar soap ranks second, right af
46、ter toilet paper. We spend more than $ 700 million annually on soaps, but all work the same way. Soap is composed of molecules that at one end attract water and at the other end attract oil and dirt, while repelling water. With a kind of pushing and pulling action, the soap loosens the bonds holding
47、 dirt to the skin. Unless youre using a germicidal soap, it usually doesnt kill the bacteria soap simply removes bacteria along with dirt and oil. Neither baths nor showers are all that necessary and unless youre in a Third World country where infectious diseases are common, or you have open sores on your skin, the dirt and bacteria arent going to hurt. The only reason for showering or bathing is to feel clean and refreshed. There is a physiological basis for this relaxed feeling. Your limbs become slightly buoyant in bathwater, which takes a load off muscles and tension. Moreover,
