1、大学英语四级 174及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Is It Good to Take a Part-time Job? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1) 有人认为有一份兼职工作对大学生来说很有好处。 2) 也有人认为大学
2、生不应该出去兼职。 3) 你的观点是 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Indians and the Early Settlers The native Americans, the people we call the “Indians“, had been in America for many thousands of years before Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492. Columbus thought he had arrived in India, so he call
3、ed the native People “Indians“. The Indians were kind to the early settlers. They were Not afraid of them and they wanted to help them. They showed the settlers the new world around them; they taught them about the local crops like sweet potatoes, corn and peanuts; they introduced the Europeans to c
4、hocolate and to the turkey; and the Europeans did business with the Indians. The losing of lands But soon the settlers wanted bigger farms and more land for themselves and their families. More and more immigrants were coming from Europe and all these people needed land. So the Europeans started to t
5、ake die land from the Indians. The Indians had to move back into the center of the continent because the settlers were taking all their land. Belief in land and the fights The Indians couldnt understand this. They had a very different idea of land from the Europeans. For the Indians, the land, the e
6、arth, was their mother, everything came from their mother, the land, and everything went back to it. The land was for everyone and it was impossible for one man to own it. How could the White Man divide the earth into parts? How could he put fences round it, buy it and sell it? Naturally, when the W
7、hite Man started taking all the Indians land, the Indians started to fight back. They wanted to keep their land, they want to stop the White Man taking it all for himself. But the White Man was stronger and clever. Slowly he pushed the Indians into those parts of the continent that he didnt wantthe
8、parts where it was too cold or too dry or too mountainous to live comfortably. Being driven into the reservations By 1857 the Indians had lost the fight: they were living in special places called “reservations“. But even here the White Man took land from themperhaps he wanted the wood, or perhaps th
9、e land had important minerals in it, or he even wanted to make national parks there. So even on their reservations the Indians were not safe from the White Man. Abandoning the old way of life Between 1500 and 1900 the Indian population of the area that is now the United States declined from close to
10、 1, 000, 000 to 300,000, and for those remained, the agony was great. Many were forced to take land in new and strange places. They were introduced to new tools, implements and techniques. They were forced to abandon their old way of life. Changes of life on the reservations Many of their tribes wer
11、e resettled on reservations in the west. The land belonged to the United States Government but was reserved tax-free for the Indians. The federal government provided the tribes with rations, tools, and equipment. Boarding and day schools were set up. In many cases responsible agents were sent to adm
12、inister the reservations. But the change from a free life to the restricted life of reservations brought the Indians near despair. They did not change easily. Hard life and the widening gap In 1960s, Indians moved in great numbers to the nations cities. Many Indians moved into poverty rows. It was h
13、ard for them to find jobs. It was hardalmost impossibleto compete with the White Man in the white mans world. Many Indians returned to the reservations. But if the reservations had been broken up there was no place to go. The gap between Indian American and white American was growing wider. Hard wor
14、k and self-development Meanwhile the Indians have been working hard in their own interests. They are building new communities, establishing new industries, and erecting new schools. They are developing motels and other recreational schemes on the reservations. There is a growing Pan-Indian Governmen
15、t. Indians have become active in writing and publishing. Some tribes have benefited through settlement of their land or other claims against the government. They are using the funds for their own development. Perhaps a new day has already dawned for the American Indians. （分数：71.00）(1).The Indians di
16、d business with the Europeans in the early period of settlement.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The Europeans made better chocolates than the Indians.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The Indians lost the fight against the White Man finally not because they were weaker.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The Indians were not safe o
17、n their reservations because there were wild animals.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The reservations in the west belonged to the Indians themselves.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Many Indians returned to the reservations because they could not find jobs in cities.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Indians have become active in
18、 writing and publishing.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).In 1960s, Indians moved in 1 to the nations cities.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Many of the Indian tribes were resettled on reservations in the 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Indians were forced to 1 their own way of life.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：
19、15.00)A.He prefers taking a plane.B.He prefers taking a bus.C.He prefers traveling with the woman.D.He prefers staying at home.A.6:15.B.6:40.C.5:35.D.5:15.A.She was speeding.B.She ran a red light.C.She drove in the wrong direction.D.She turned a corner too fast.A.She agrees with him partially.B.She
20、doesnt agree with him.C.She advises him to be more careful.D.She suggests that he be strict with his son.A.Father and daughter.B.Teacher and student.C.Patient and doctor.D.Athlete and coach.A.At a restaurant.B.In a bus.C.At a store.D.In a place.A.She is tired of teaching.B.She was dismissed from her
21、 job.C.She is changing her job.D.The school is not hot.A.That she is a librarian.B.That she doesnt has the book.C.That she probably has the book.D.That she owns a bookstore.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.He has got a bad cold.B.He has caught whooping cough.C.He has a fever and a bad appetite.D.He has
22、been coughing for several days.A.Because he is only a 3-year-old child.B.Because others cough may be contagious to him.C.Because he also has a fever.D.Because he cries all the time.A.Give the child lot of fluid to drink.B.Let him have a hot bath before bedtime.C.Keep an eye on the cough.D.Send him t
23、o the clinic if he has a fever.A.At a pharmacy.B.At a clinic.C.On a campus road.D.At a grocery.A.To travel to Alaska with his brother.B.To give a talk about his trip to Alaska.C.To drive to Los Angeles for a wedding.D.To invite Sue to meet his brother.A.For not being able to go to Alaska.B.For her n
24、ot going to a wedding party.C.For driving six hours to Los Angeles.D.For not being able to go to the mans family.A.It would be normal if the car took just four seconds.B.It would be normal if the car took six seconds.C.It would be normal if the car took less than three seconds.D.It would be normal i
25、f the car took less than six minutes.A.A speed limit.B.A speed-check.C.A distance measurement.D.A traffic-sign.A.By hiding behind the hedge and timing vehicles.B.By measuring the speed.C.By writing down their names.D.By taking down their car numbers.A.There were no motorists coming and going.B.The m
26、otorists drove too slowly.C.Some two students played a trick.D.The police placed a notice.A.The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B.The exhaustion of energy resources.C.The destruction of oil wells.D.The spread of the black powder from the fires.A.The underground oil resources have not b
27、een affected.B.Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.C.The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D.The underground water resources have not been polluted.A.To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B.To estimate the losses caused by the rims.C.To remove the
28、oil left in the desert.D.To use the oil left in the oil lakes.A.She was found stealing in a bookstore.B.She caught someone in the act of stealing.C.She admitted having stolen something.D.She said she was wrongly accused of stealing.A.A book.B.$ 3,000.C.A handbag.D.A Christmas card.A.She was question
29、ed by the police.B.She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes.C.She was insulted by the shopper around her.D.She was body-searched by the store manger.A.They refused to apologize for having followed her through the town.B.They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing.C.They still suspected
30、that she was a thief.D.They agreed to pay her $ 3,000 damages.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The picnics, speeches, and (36) 1of todays Labor Day were all part of the first celebration, held in New York City in 1882. Its (37) 2was an Irish-American labor leader named Peter J. McGuire. A carpenter (38) 3
31、trade, McGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was the president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (UBCJ) . (39) 4the Citys Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud (赞许) “the industrial spirit the great vital force of every nation,“
32、On September 5 his suggestion (40) 5 fruit, as an estimated 10,000 workers, many of them (41) 6their bosses warnings, left work to march from Union Square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street. The event gained national attention, and 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an (42) 7holiday. The quick adopti
33、on of the (43) 8may have indicated less about the state lawmakers respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger. (44) 9. Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of “progress and poverty. “In a society in which factory owners rode in private Pullmans (45) 10. Dema
34、nds for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. With socialists demanding an end to “wage slavery“ and anarchists (无政府主义) singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite (炸药) , middle-of-the-roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild comparison. One can imagin
35、e practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960s and 70s, were primarily the result of leade
36、d gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly. A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emission
37、s from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research
38、in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadi
39、an gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United Stat
40、es had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England,
41、 New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that the
42、se findings should not be used as a license to pollute. （分数：177.50）(1).The study published in the journal Nature indicates that _.（分数：35.50）A.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsB.lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increaseC.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
43、D.the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow(2).Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US _.（分数：35.50）A.was discouragedB.was enforced by lawC.was prohibited by lawD.was introduced(3).How did scientists discover the source of lead pol
44、lution in Greenland?（分数：35.50）A.By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.B.By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C.By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.D.By comparing the chemical compositions of leade
45、d gasoline used in various countries.(4).The authors of the Ambio study have found that _.（分数：35.50）A.forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB.lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal withC.lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the USD.the upper layers
46、 of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists _.（分数：35.50）A.are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollutionB.feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasolineC.still consider lead pollution a problemD.lack sufficient means to comba
47、t lead pollutionThe fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator“. In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and t
48、he ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food, thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existednatural cooling, drying, smoking, sa
