1、大学英语四级 175及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Changes in the Way People Spent Holidays. You should write at least 120 words according to the outlines given below in Chinese: （分数：30.00）_二、Rea
2、ding Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Wind Energy Wind energy development has been thriving both in the United States and around the world. This reflects not only the declining cost of the resource and the improved performance of wind power plants, but also a growing awareness among utilities and other p
3、otential customers that this renewable energy technology offers many benefits for the economy and the environment. -Wind energy can help create new business and jobs, keep energy dollars circulating in local economies and reduce reliance on imported energy. -Wind energy can help protect utilities an
4、d ratepayers from risks associated with changing fuel prices, new environmental regulations, uncertain load growth and other unpredictable costs. -Wind energy can reduce a utilitys pollutant emissions, helping power companies meet environmental regulations and satisfy their customers desire for clea
5、n power sources. In the past, these benefits were not enough to outweigh the significant costs and technological uncertainties associated with wind energy; now that the technology has proven reliable and competitive, however, they are beginning to carry more weight. The greatest challenge for the fu
6、ture is to ensure that the benefits of wind energy continue to receive attention as the utility industry moves toward increased competition in the generation and marketing of power. How does wind energy contribute to the economy? Electricity is an essential ingredient of our modern way of life: it r
7、uns our computers, appliances, factories and businesses. Without low-cost power, our standard of living would suffer. But electricity generation is also a major source of pollution and toxic wastes. Wind energy offers a way to meet the needs of both the economy and the environment by providing a sou
8、rce of clean, competitively priced power. Wind energy helps our economy in important ways. For communities and states in which wind power facilities are located, wind power plants create jobs, generate income and support economic development. Several studies have established that wind energy produce
9、s more Jobs per dollar invested or per kilowatt-hour generated than most conventional resource. A New York study, for example, found that producing 10 million kilowatt-hours of electricity from wind energy generates 27 percent more jobs in the state than producing the same amount of energy from an a
10、dvanced coal plant and 66 percent more jobs than from a natural gas combined-cycle power plant. One reason is that much of the expense for fossil-fuel plants is incurred from buying fuel, which supports fewer jobs than other industry sectors, especially when the fuel is imported from other states or
11、 countries. Wind power plants also pay substantial property taxes and land rents. A typical rent payment is a small percentage of a plants revenues, implying that a wind plant located in an agricultural area can boost cropland rents and prices by as much as 50 percent to 100 percent. For the most pa
12、rt, farming operations can continue unaffected. States and communities with the foresight to invest in wind energy can reap another benefit by fostering a home-grown wind industry that can export power to other regions. The market for wind power worldwide is growing rapidly. New companies that captu
13、re this market will develop in areas where substantial wind development already is occurring. Until the late 1980s, this was mainly California; recently, however, the United States has ceded (转让) its early lead in wind development to European competitors. Prudent investments in the domestic wind mar
14、ket can help reverse this trend. What are the advantages of wind power plants? Most consumers like to avoid risk: The chance that something they need, no matter how inexpensive today, will become much more costly tomorrow. Fixed-rate mortgages owe much of their popularity to this characteristic. Whi
15、le other loan packages may be less expensive in the short-term, many homeowners like the comfort of knowing that their monthly mortgage bill will never increase. Like a fixed rate mortgage, investing in wind energy offers an effective strategy for managing risk, a way of buying an insurance policy a
16、gainst the ups and downs of the power market. It is especially effective against three kinds of risk: environmental regulation, fuel price volatility and load-growth uncertainty. The typical wind power plant takes less than a year to build, once the site is selected and licenses and permits approved
17、. By contrast, conventional large power plants may take three to four years to build with the result that if loads do not increase as expected, a utility may be left with a substantial excess cost. Another advantage of wind power plants is that they can be built in phases timed according to need. Fi
18、nally, interest costs are lower during the construction of wind projects. Does wind energy produce pollution? Opinion polls rank wind as one of the most popular energy resources, far ahead of fossil fuels and nuclear power. The reason is simple: it produces no pollution or hazardous wastes. This is
19、a very real benefit, for pollution can have a serious effect on our health, the economy and our sense of well being. Air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates and volatile organic compounds have been shown to reduce lifespans and increase the incidence of debilitating ill
20、nesses, especially among the elderly and those with respiratory impairments. Some pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and ozone, damage wildlife and plants and even reduce crop yields. Finally, greenhouse gases (which are emitted primarily by fossil-fuel combustion) are implicated in global warming,
21、which may cause major changes in climate during the next several decades. Wind powers popularity with the public can be a competitive advantage for power companies that invest in this technology. Municipal utilities, large industrial consumers, and perhaps even residential consumers in some location
22、s soon may be able to express a preference for clean power by their choice of electricity supplier. Utility-sponsored market surveys show that a significant number of consumers are willing to spend more on their monthly utility bills to purchase power from renewable sources. Companies that want to a
23、ttract and keep such customers should give careful attention to wind power. Whether utilities continue to be tightly regulated or the industry moves into a more competitive phase, the significant benefits of wind energy should play an increasingly important role in deciding what kinds of new power p
24、lants will be built. In the traditional regulated utility setting, regulators could simply require utilities to consider benefits such as lower pollution, reduced risks and job creation in their resource planning. As competition in the power industry increases, new mechanisms must come into play. On
25、 the one hand, the wind industry must aggressively market the benefits of wind power to potential customers. At the same time, state policymakers must take steps to ensure that the move to competition does not jeopardize (使冒危险) the public interest. So long as regulations and the market value environ
26、mental protection, long-term price stability, economic development and other benefits, wind power will receive the attention it deserves. （分数：71.00）(1).This passage gives a general description of the benefits of wind energy.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Wind energy development has been thriving both in the
27、 United States and around the world.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Wind energy offers a way to meet the needs of both the economy and the environment by providing a source of clean, competitively priced power.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Wind power plants pay no property taxes and land rents.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5
28、).Recently, the United States has ceded its early lead in wind development to Asian competitors.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).The typical conventional small power plant may take two years to build.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Opinion polls rank nuclear power as one of the most popular energy resources, far ahead
29、 of wind.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Several studies have established that wind energy produces more Jobs per dollar invested or per kilowatt-hour generated than_.（分数：7.10）_(9).A wind plant located in an agricultural area can boost cropland rents and prices by as much as_.（分数：7.10）_(10).A significant num
30、ber of consumers are willing to spend more on their monthly utility bills to purchase power from_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He is ready to help Prof. Wang.B.He will congratulate Prof. Wang.C.He will pay a visit to Prof. Wang.D.He will tell Prof. Wang the good news.A.Go and se
31、e a performance.B.Try to get some tickets.C.Go and buy a new dress.D.Do some sewing at home.A.She thinks the man should have helped earlier.B.She doesnt need the mans help.C.She doesnt know the boxes are heavy.D.She wants the man to help with the boxes.A.They should wait longer for Jane.B.Jane proba
32、bly wont come.C.He forgot to tell Jane to come.D.Jane is very busy.A.She works at the market.B.She drives out everyday.C.She doesnt go to school every day.D.She is one of the mans classmates.A.There are so many people in London.B.The traffic is really busy in London.C.It is dirty and noisy in London
33、.D.The weather is not good in London.A.The woman does not live in Clinton, but Frank does.B.The woman has not seen Frank since they left kindergarten.C.The woman has lived in Clinton since kindergarten.D.Frank is forty-five years old.A.The man doesnt like the sofa.B.The man will buy the sofa.C.The m
34、an doesnt think they could afford the sofa.D.The man likes the sofa very much.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.To see how certain chemicals produce different flavors.B.To determine if a person can distinguish salty and sweet solutions.C.To map the location of taste buds.D.To count the number of taste bu
35、ds.A.Just five minutes.B.Slightly less than an hour.C.Between one and two hours.D.A little more than two hours.A.That taste buds arent located only on the tongue.B.That taste buds arent all the same size.C.That solutions must be measured and mixed carefully.D.That he shouldnt swallow the solutions.A
36、.With an apology.B.With an example.C.With a compliment.D.With an invitation.A.Searching for reference material.B.Watching a film of the 1930s.C.Writing a course book.D.Looking for a job in a movie studio.A.Its too broad to cope with.B.Its a bit outdated.C.Its controversial.D.Its of little practical
37、value.A.At the end of the online catalogue.B.At the Reference Desk.C.In The New York Times.D.In the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature.A.She was found stealing in a bookstore.B.She caught someone in the act of stealing.C.She admitted having stolen something.D.She said she was wrongly accused of
38、stealing.A.A book.B.$ 3,000.C.A handbag.D.A Christmas card.A.She was questioned by the police.B.She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes.C.She was insulted by the shopper around her.D.She was body-searched by the store manger.A.They refused to apologize for having followed her through the town.B.
39、They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing.C.They still suspected that she was a thief.D.They agreed to pay her $ 3,000 damages.A.To collect taxes.B.To save public lands for future use.C.To protect people and property.D.To train public officials.A.Because people want to save public lands
40、for future use.B.Because no person wants to buy any public lands.C.Because the government has collected enough money to pay the cost of any service.D.Because the government has no public lands to sell.A.Peoples attitude toward taxes.B.Taxes and services for the public.C.Police efforts to protect peo
41、ple.D.The governments duty.A.Unexpected.B.Awful.C.Exciting.D.Calm.A.A teacher.B.A babysitter.C.An editor.D.A doctor.A.Serious.B.Not serious.C.Not favorable.D.Favorable.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The “1992 Consensus“, on the “one-China“ principle and its respective (36) 1 wording of both sides, was (
42、37) 2in a meeting in November 1992 held in Hong Kong by the Association for Relations Across Taiwan Straits (ARATS) of the mainland, (38) 3by Wang Daohan, and the Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) of Taiwan, led by Gu Zhenfu. The consensus is that “both sides of the (Taiwan) Straits (39) 4to the one
43、-China principle“ and orally explain the principle (40) 5. As (41) 6in trade, economy and other fields across the Taiwan Straits have kept increasing since late 1987, the Taiwan (42) 7adjusted its policy of “no contact, no (43) 8and no negotiation“ and set up SEF to contact and negotiate with Chinas
44、 mainland over problems that occur. (44) 9 At the start of negotiations about affairs concerning both sides of the Taiwan Straits, (45) 10, though the political content may not be discussed as long as the “one-China“ stand is advocated, and the ways to express “one-China“ could be fully discussed. A
45、 Summary of the Wang-Gu Talks published by the SEF in August 1993 stated that the consensus by ARATS and SEF was quite clear: (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Reaching new peaks of popularity in Nor
46、th America is Iceberg Water which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland where bottl
47、ed water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,“ he says. But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New Yorks municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled
