1、大学英语四级 192及答案解析(总分：746.55，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic Education-oriented or Quality-oriented. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline. 1. Present situation. 2. A
2、n alternative: Quality-oriented. 3. My comment. （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)History of Immigration As we look back at the 20th century we realize that never in the history of mankind have humans migrated so much. Millions of people have left their homes to relocate in other part
3、s of the world in order to change their destiny. People from all over the world have dared to dream of a better future for themselves and for their children. Others were forced out of their homelands in order to escape atrocities (暴政, 暴行). The two world wars during this century forced large numbers
4、of people to seek refuge in a distant land in order to survive. Australia Since 1945, over six million people have come to Australia as new settlers. Their arrival has had a marked influence on all aspects of our society. The trigger for a large-scale migration was the end of World War II. In Europe
5、, millions of people were driven outside their homelands, unable to return. In Australia, there was a desperate shortage of labour and a belief that substantial population growth was essential for the countrys future. These factors led to the creation of a federal immigration program in 1945. By 194
6、7, a post-war immigration boom was under way, with a large and growing number of arrivals of both government-assisted and other immigrants. Agreements were reached with the United Kingdom, some European countries and the International Refugee Organization (IRO) to encourage migrants, including displ
7、aced persons from war-torn Europe, to come to Australia. Between October 1945 and June 1960, 1.7 million people arrived. A million more migrants arrived in each of the following four decades. Today, nearly one in four of Australias almost 20 million people were born overseas. New Zealand and the Uni
8、ted Kingdom are the largest source countries for migrants, but other regions notably Asia have become more significant. The most ambitious part of Australias migration program followed the end of World War II. Australia negotiated agreements with other governments and international organizations to
9、help achieve high migration targets. These agreements are no longer in force. Canada In 1947, the Canadian government proposed broadening immigration policies as it set its sights on two main objectives: to populate Canada and, is so doing, expand its domestic market and develop the countries resour
10、ces. But Canada remained opposed to massive immigration from the East a tendency that continued to shape immigration policy until 1962. Canada stressed its former selective policies and reasserted its right to accept or refuse particular classes of immigrants. Other political and international force
11、s at the time, however, contributed to making Canada a country of immigration. In fact, the years following World War II saw the establishment of international bodies and the introduction of human rights legislation and a pressure to welcome “displaced persons“ from Europe. This pressure led to the
12、abolishment of the Chinese Immigration Act in 1947. The Chinese Immigration Act of 1952, however, maintained earlier exclusion based on nationality, ethnicity, climate compatibility, lifestyle and values. Contrary to the 1920s, immigration focused primarily on the construction and manufacturing indu
13、stries as opposed to agriculture and mining. A wave of immigration from southern Europe swept across postwar Canada to fill the need for manual labour. The immigration of a highly skilled worked force was also encouraged in the areas of health, education and technology, mostly from Europe. The Unite
14、d States of America America was built by immigrants. From Plymouth Rock in the seventeenth century to Ellis Island in the twentieth, people born elsewhere came to America. Some were fleeing religious and political persecution. Most, however, came for economic reasons and were part of extensive migra
15、tory systems that responded to changing demands in labor markets. Their experience in the United States was as diverse as their backgrounds and aspirations. Some became farmers and other toiled in factories. Some settled permanently and others returned to their homeland. Collectively, however, they
16、contributed to the building of a nation by providing a constant source of inexpensive labor, by settling rural regions and industrial cities, and by bringing their unique forms of political and cultural expression. The volume of immigration before the 1960s was staggering. Figures for the colonial p
17、eriod are imprecise, but by the time of the first census (人口普查) of 1790 nearly 1 million Afro-Americans and 4 million Europeans resided in the United States. The European population originated from three major streams: English and Welsh, Scotch-Irish, and German. Between the end of World War II and
18、the passage of important immigrant reform legislation in 1965, most newcomers to the United States consisted of Europeans displaced by war and Mexican agricultural workers. In 1948 Congress Passed the Displaced Persons act that eventually admitted some 400,000 European uprooted by war, although disp
19、laced people from Palestine, China, and India were ignored. Congress also responded to the requests of agricultural interests in the Southwest and allowed temporary workers from Mexico, into the country after 1952. More than 1 million people are entering the U.S. legally every year. From 1983 throug
20、h 1992, 8.7 million of these newcomers arrived the highest number in any 10-year period sincel910. A record 1.8 million were granted permanent residence in 1991. Because present law stresses family unification, these arrivals can bring over their spouses, sons and daughters: some 3.5 million are now
21、 in line to come in. Once here, they can bring in their direct relatives. As a result, there exists no visible limit to the number of legal entries. Australia today Natural increase has been the main source of population growth over the past hundred years, contributing two-thirds of the increase in
22、population between 1901 and 2001. Immigration has also been a significant contributor to Australias population growth, and immigrations contribution to population growth is likely to increase during the next 30 years as the ageing of Australias population leads to the annual number of the deaths exc
23、eeding births. It is possible that sometime in the 2030s, immigration may become the only source of growth in population. （分数：71.00）(1).This article is a brief history of immigration for the countries as the major destination of immigrants.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).World War II was a key cause of the i
24、mmigration boom in the past century.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The Immigration Act of 1952 by Canada abolished all restraints on immigration.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Most Americans are offspring of immigrants who came to the new continent to flee political or religious persecution.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).T
25、he Displaced Persons Act passed by American congress in 1948 admitted all immigrants uprooted by war.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).There is no actual limit to legal entries to the United States for the law protects family unification.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Canada encouraged Asia immigrants with high skills
26、 to settle inlands.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The main origination of the early European immigrants to America are 1。（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Since 1910, the highest boom of immigration to the United States occurred in the decade from 1 through 2.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).In Australia, it is predicted that immigr
27、ation may become the only source of growth in population because the annual number of deaths may 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The woman is seeing a doctor.B.The woman is a close friend of the man.C.The woman is tired of her work.D.The woman has been working too hard.A.Hi
28、s mother cant make apple pies.B.This pie cant match his mothers.C.His mother likes the pie very much.D.This apple pie tastes very good.A.Take a walk.B.Listen to the music.C.Dance to the music.D.Give a performance.A.Read more than one article.B.Choose a better article to read.C.Present a different th
29、eory to the class.D.Read an article on political science.A.The woman isnt a skillful typist.B.The woman should work as hard as Mary.C.The woman should do the typing for Mary.D.The woman would understand if she did Marys job.A.He wants to make an appointment with Mr. Smith.B.He wants to make sure tha
30、t Mr. Smith will see him.C.He wants to change the time of the appointment.D.He wants the woman to meet him at three oclock.A.He gets nervous very easily.B.He is an inexperienced speaker.C.He is an awful speaker.D.He hasnt prepared his speech well.A.She didnt like the books the man bought.B.There was
31、nt a large selection at the bookstore.C.The man bought a lot of books.D.She wanted to see what the man bought.A.Buy a ticket for the ten oclock flight.B.Ask the man to change the ticket for her.C.Go to the airport immediately.D.Switch to a different flight.A.Dr. Lemon is waiting for a patient.B.Dr.
32、Lemon is busy at the moment.C.Dr. Lemon has lost his patience.D.Dr. Lemon has gone out to visit a patient.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.In the morning.B.10 p. m.C.9 a. m.D.At midnight.A.Because his friend lives one-hour drive away from the cinema.B.Because his friend hopes to watch another movie tomo
33、rrow.C.Because the man cannot buy one more ticket for that show.D.Because his friend needs to drive one hour to the theater after work.A.1B.3C.6D.10A.She wants to find a job in this summer to pay for tuition fees.B.She lives far away from her parents.C.She will have no time to visit her parents in t
34、his summer.D.She doesnt miss her parents.A.They traveled around there.B.They taught English there.C.They did geological research there.D.They served as volunteer workers there.A.Her bills are already too high.B.She has enough money to pay off tuition fees.C.She prefers to be independent.D.She is dis
35、qualified to get a loan.A.Its good for training ones character but not good for ones health.B.It cannot prepare pupils to be good citizens.C.It has less effect on a childs character than sports and games.D.Its as important as after-class activities.A.Because pupils there have to spend most of the ti
36、me studying.B.Because the school authorities insist on traditional ways of teaching.C.Because the school authorities have neglected discipline.D.Because pupils there are too fond of playing.A.Practical work.B.Collective activities.C.Teachers encouragement.D.Book knowledge.A.Because the Sunday paper
37、is thick.B.Because almost everyone goes to church on Sundays.C.Because the newspaper boy delivers it.D.Because many people read the Sunday paper.A.Parties.B.It doesnt say.C.World news.D.Finance.A.Adults.B.Women.C.Children.D.Older people.A.Given by the local government.B.Born by a large number of bit
38、ches.C.Bought from different cities and villages.D.Captured over grassland.A.11-week course for control duty.B.11-week course for patrol duty.C.9-week course for control duty.D.9-week course for patrol duty.A.Catching runaway criminals.B.Scratching the hidden bombs.C.Patrolling the dangerous town.D.
39、Drug-sniffing and bomb-sniffing.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The lack of is the reason most people fail in attaining their goals. Many organizational analysts and (36) 1 consultants consider to be the (37) 2 key to success at both the organizational and (38) 3 level. Success (39) 4 comes easily on the
40、 first try. What (40) 5 the successful from the unsuccessful is (41) 6. Successful people also fail (42) 7 but they do not let their failures (43) 8 their spirit. (44) 9. And again. And again. Until they succeed. (45) 10, usually passing the blame on to someone or something else, and learn nothing f
41、rom their experience other than perfecting their scapegoating techniques. Successful people expect periodic s, learn what went wrong and why, dont waste time looking for someone to blame, make necessary adjustments, and try again. (46) 11. If you are not persistent, you will almost certainly fail. （
42、分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandmas generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, a
43、nd the dress code will be Sunday-best. But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶) -and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine
44、china in Britain, it spells economic hard times. Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs - one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgw
45、ood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier. Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with
46、the trend“ toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, ff they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, bu
47、sy hosts insist, rightly, that its better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real“ dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time? Yet the loss of
48、 formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.“ “Keep your elbows off the table. “) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially. （分数：177.50）(1).The trend toward casual dining has resulted in _.（分数：35.50）A.bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers
