1、大学英语四级 194 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Li Ping. Write a letter to Lee, a friend of yours, who is planning to move to your city. You should write at least 120 words according to th
2、e outline given below in Chinese. 1这座城市有哪些特点会让人喜欢 2这座城市有什么地方会让人不喜欢 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Art of Resist Dyeing Chinese textiles are globally popular nowadays. But do you know anything about the traditional Chinese dyeing techniques which have been used for centuries to
3、create intriguing patterns and designs on fabrics? Dating back as far as 2,000 years ago, the traditional Chinese dyeing techniques have been fashion-able off and on in different times. They centered on three basic types of resist dyeing, including tie - dyeing (jiaoxie or zharan) , batik (laxie or
4、laran) , and clamp - resist dyeing (jiaxie or jiaran). In the language of dyeing, a resist is just what the word implies, a substance or process that stops dye from dyeing the fabric in certain places. Tie-dyeing The concept behind tie-dyeing is to restrict the dye from reaching certain areas of the
5、 cloth, this is achieved through the use of knots, threads, rocks, sticks and rubber bands. The color of the parts the dye reaches changes but the restricted parts stay untouched, giving a pleasant color contrast. This method appeared in the 3rd to 4th century in China and is still used today. Brigh
6、t colors, an unlimited variety of patterns and color combinations, and the simplicity of the techniques contribute to its enduring appeal. Tie-dyeing is a time-honored handicraft of the Bai ethnic group, who mainly inhabit southwest Chinas Yunnan Province. To make the dye, woad (菘蓝) leaves are colle
7、cted and fermented in a pit until they are indigo (靛蓝) in color. White cloth is tied and sewn into various patterns by hand and then dyed. After the cloth is dried and rinsed, designs of bees, butterflies, plum blossoms, fish, or insects appear with an artistic effect that cannot be achieved by pain
8、ting. Different kinds of dyes are available in stores and tie - dying is a simple process which is a lot of fun to do. All you need is a piece of fabric, dye, and fasteners to keep the dye from penetrating and to create patterns. Why not have a go following these easy steps? Wash the material to rem
9、ove any chemicals that may be in the fabric; Dry the material completely before dyeing; Tie it with patterns you like using fasteners; Add the dye. Be sure to use enough dye to fully saturate the material; Allow the fabric to dry completely before removing the fasteners; Remove the fasteners and adm
10、ire your artwork; Wash the material thoroughly in cold water. Batik If you go to southwest Chinas Guizhou Province, known as the home of batik, batik clothes are likely to be the first things to catch your eye. The history of batik can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - AD24 ). It u
11、sed to be popular in both central and southwest China. Somehow, the technique was lost in central China, but it has been handed down from generation to generation among the ethnic people in Guizhou. Batik, also known as wax-resist dyeing, is a form of dyeing or printing folk art made by applying bee
12、swax(蜜蜡) to create different shapes. Some of the designs on these batiks are bold, while others are fine and delicate. Wherever it appears on garments, scarves, bags, tablecloths, bedspreads, curtains, and other decorative items, the style is always simple and elegant. A folktale about batiks origin
13、 goes like this: Long, long ago, there was a girl living in a stone village called Anshun, now a city in Guizhou Province. She was fond of dyeing white cloth blue and purple. One day, while she was working, a bee happened to land on her cloth. After it flew away, she found a white dot left on the cl
14、oth, which looked very pretty. This discovery is said to have led to the use of wax in dyeing. Batik cloth made in Guizhou goes through four processes: waxing, painting, de-waxing and rinsing. First a piece of white cloth is placed on a plain board or tabletop. Wax is put into a pottery bowl or meta
15、l pot and heated with charcoal until it melts. The wax wont dissolve in water unless the temperature is very high. The painting tool is a specially designed knife. Its slightly hollow in the middle with an offset angle edge to hold the melted wax. Different patterns require different shaped knifes,
16、for example semicircular, triangular and axe shaped. Painting the cloth is the most delightful part. A basic outline is drawn before the various patterns are painted on. They range from flowers, birds, fishes, paper cutout patterns, to folklore tales and assorted geometric shapes. Each ethnic group
17、has its own style. Then the wax - covered cloth is dipped in the indigo vat for about 45 minutes. In the past, this dying process took five to six days. The wax on the cloth often cracks after it hardens. The cloth is then dyed and the dyes seep into the cracks making fine lines, called “ice veins(冰
18、纹) “. These “ice veins“ distinguish genuine batik cloth from imitations. The cloth is then removed from the dye and put into boiling water to remove the wax. In the final stage, the cloth is rinsed with clean water and beautiful blue and white patterns appear on the cloth. Sometimes, people want lig
19、ht and deep blue colors in the same piece of cloth. How is this done? Well, its quite easy, just re - wax the part you need to deepen, and dip the whole cloth into the dye once again. Waxberry juice is usually used to produce a red color, and yellow gardenia to make yellow. Genuine batik cant be mad
20、e entirely by machines and most of the work is done by hand. These days, batik is no longer just for everyday clothes and is gradually developing into an art form as modern artists add more cultural factors and techniques to their creations. Clamp-resist dyeing Like the ties used in tie - dyeing and
21、 wax in batik, woodblocks engraved with various patterns are the most important tools in clamp-resist dyeing. Two symmetrical carved concave blocks are used to clamp the folded cloth and dip it into a dye vat with the help of a large lever. The result is cloth with the same pattern dyed onto two sid
22、es. After dyeing, the cloth is removed from the woodblock clamps and rinsed. This practice saw its apogee in the Tang dynasty (618 -907) when it was used to produce a variety of multi -colored silk products. The sculptures (雕刻) of Bodhisattvas in the Dunhuang Grottoes, in northwest Chinas Gansu Prov
23、ince, are often depicted in jiaxie (clamp -resist dyed) silk dresses. The technique went into decline after the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279) when multi - colored designs were gradually replaced by simple indigoes and white. Clamp - resist dyeing is not completely extinct, although today its believed to
24、 be on the verge of disappearing. In the 1950s and 60s, jiaxie quilts, whose covers were decorated with clamp -resist dyed patterns, were still an essential part of nuptial celebrations in Wenzhou, east Chinas Zhejiang Province. When a young local girl got engaged, her family would be busy preparing
25、 the jiaxie quilts for her. The patterns on the local traditional quilt covers in Wenzhou usually featured four horizontal and four vertical lines, making a grid pattern of 16 blocks. These blocks usually had designs depicting “100 sons,“ “double happiness“ and “dragon and phoenix“, which had nuptia
26、l connotations. However, nowadays only a few people carry on the traditional clamp -resist dyeing technique. Xue Xunlang, from Cangnan County of Wenzhou, accidentally became a reviver of clamp - resist dyeing and was the last person to run a workshop in the local area to produce jiaxie cloth. In 198
27、8, Xue got to know an elderly Japanese lady who ran the Lan Lan Chinese Flowery Cloth Store in Shanghai. At her request, Xue brought her some bolts of old cloth from the Chinese countryside including a piece of jiaxie cloth. The Japanese woman told Xue that historians believed this handicraft techni
28、que had been lost in China. Xue explained that such cloth was very common in Wenzhou. He said although it had not been manufactured for about 20 years, it wouldnt be difficult to resume production. Xue met the Dai family in Cangnan, who used to own the most famous dyehouse in the area. The Dais reco
29、mmended Chen Kangsuan, one of their ex-workers, to Xue. Chen was already 66 years old when he met Xue in 1989 and hadnt made any jiaxie cloth for over 30 years but he gladly agreed to try. The resumption of jiaxie - cloth production attracted attention from experts and media. However, despite their
30、help, Xues workshop finally closed down after about ten years of production due to financial difficulties. （分数：71.00）(1).According to this passage, dying mainly falls into three categories.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Tie - dyeing is a disappeared method used in the 3rd to 4th century.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(
31、3).The first step of tie - dying is to dry the material completely.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The batik technique was lost in China.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).There is mainly four processes for batik dyeing.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Various patterns are painted without drawing a outline in advance.（分数：7.10）A.Y
32、B.NC.NG(7).In order to produce a red color, we usually use Waxberry juice in batik.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The most important tools in clamp -resist dyeing are_（分数：7.10）_(9).From the passage, we know that the clamp -resist dyeing went into decline because_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The last person who run a wor
33、kshop which can produce jiaxie cloth was found by Xue Xunlang _.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.On a plane.B.On a bus.C.On a train.D.In a taxi.A.He likes to go with her.B.He has no time.C.He doesnt feel well.D.He doesnt like the evening party.A.15 minutes.B.20 minutes.C.10 minutesD
34、.25 minutes.A.It was quite warm.B.It was very cold.C.It was mildly cold.D.It was below zero.A.She has mistaken it for his dog.B.He has a nice dog.C.They never go out.D.They enjoy staying at home.A.Mow the lawn.B.Wash the car.C.Exercise in the sun.D.None of these.A.She paid by check.B.She decided not
35、 to make the purchase.C.She paid by credit card.D.She left without paying.A.Doctor and patient.B.Passenger and bus driver.C.Teacher and student.D.Customer and merchant.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Through what ways the woman would tackle problems.B.How she became an assistant manager so young.C.What
36、 she would do if she refused to carry out an order.D.What would happen if she refused to carry out an order.A.She has had problems of authority.B.She became an assistant manager recently.C.She became a manager recently.D.She became an assistant manager a few years ago.A.She came to discuss a problem
37、 with the man.B.She came to introduce herself to the man.C.She wanted to be an assistant manager.D.She came to apply for a management position.A.Because she has a great deal of experience in senior management.B.Because she has a lack of experience in senior management.C.Because she would bring a new
38、 approach to the job.D.Because she is a member of the institute of personnel managers.A.Final exams.B.A history class.C.A summer tour.D.Term papers.A.His parents will take her to Gettysburg.B.He has been to Gettysburg several times.C.He has to go to Gettysburg for his history class.D.He has never be
39、en to Gettysburg until now.A.Why he needed to go to Gettysburg.B.What places his parents took him to that summer.C.What he saw at Gettysburg last time.D.Why they failed to go to Gettysburg.A.It is a place with historical significance.B.It is only a few hours drive from their city.C.Children need to
40、go there for history education.D.It should be the first choice for summer tours.A.An Indian summer brings warm days and nights.B.An Indian summer occurs only in October.C.An Indian summer is an annual phenomenon.D.An Indian summer lasts many weeks.A.The first period of cold, wintry days in autumn.B.
41、The turning of color and falling of leaves.C.A large mass of warm tropical air carried northward.D.The southwestern winds.A.A short period of fair weather and mild days.B.No definite time of beginning or ending.C.Its end, which signals winters start.D.Soft yellow or orange skies.A.A class of science
42、 students.B.A group of teachers.C.English language students.D.His teacher.A.Empty the water out of the cans.B.Glue white paper around one can and black paper around the other can.C.Make 2 cardboard lids.D.Wash your hands.A.The water in both cans will be the same.B.The water in both cans will be cool
43、er.C.The water in the black can will be warmer than the water in the white can.D.The water in the white can will be warmer than the water in the black can.A.The difference between classical music and rock music.B.Why classical music is popular with math students.C.The effect of music on the results
44、of math tests.D.How to improve your reasoning ability.A.Because it stimulates your nerve activity.B.Because it keeps you calm.C.Because it strengthens your memory.D.Because it improves your problem solving strategies.A.Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.B.The effects of music do
45、 not last long.C.The more you listen to music, the higher your test scores will be.D.Music, whether classical or rock, helps improve your memory.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)From Monday until Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evenings and on (36) 1they are free to relax and
46、enjoy themselves. Some watch television or go to the movies; others (37) 2in sports. It depends on (38) 3 interests. There are many different ways to spend our (39) 4time. Almost everyone has some kinds of (40 ) 5. It may be anything from collecting stamps to making model airplane. Some hobbies are
47、very (41) 6, but others dont cost anything at all. Some collections are worth a lot of money, while others are (42) 7only to their owners. I know a man who has a (43) 8collection worth several thousand dollars. (44) 9. On the other hand, my youngest sister collects matchboxes. She has almost 600 of them but I doubt if they are worth any money. (45) 10. Thats what a means, I guess. (46) 11.The value in dollars is not important, but the pleasure it gives us is. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)
