1、大学英语四级 195 及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Imagine you are Wang Ting. Write a letter to Xiao Lin, a classmate of yours who is at home and suffering from eye strain (视疲劳). However, shes still willing
2、to participate in the forth coming CET-4 test. You should write no more than 120 words following the suggestions given below in Chinese. 1. 表示慰问； 2. 告知有关你备考的情况； 3. 提出你的建议。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Tourism Tourism holidaymaking and travel are these days more significant social
3、 phenomena than most commentators have considered. On the face of it there could not be a more trivial subject for a book. And indeed since social scientists have had considerable difficulty explaining weightier topics, such as work or politics, it might be thought that they would have great difficu
4、lties in accounting for more trivial phenomena such as holidaymaking. However, there are interesting parallels with the study of deviance (偏差). This involves the investigation of bizarre and idiosyncratic (异常) social practices which happen to be defined as deviant in some societies but not necessari
5、ly in others. The assumption is that the investigation of deviance can reveal interesting and significant aspects of “normal“ societies. It could be said that a similar analysis can be applied to tourism. Tourism is a leisure activity which presupposes its opposite, namely regulated and organized wo
6、rk. It is one manifestation of how work and leisure are organized as separate and regulated spheres of social practice in “modern“ societies. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is the journe
7、y, and a period of stay in a new place or places. The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work and are of a short-term and temporary nature and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time. A substantial proportion o
8、f the population of modern societies engages in such tourist practices; new socialized forms of provision have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists, as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because ther
9、e is an anticipation, especially through daydreaming and fantasy, of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those customarily encountered. Such anticipation is constructed and sustained through a variety of non-tourist practices, such as films, TV, literatu
10、re, magazines, records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming. Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are taken to be in some sense out of the ordinary. People linger over th
11、ese sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs, postcards, films and so on which enable the memory to the endlessly reproduced and recaptured. One of the earliest studies on the subject of tourism is Boorsti
12、ns analysis of the “pseudo-event“ (1964) where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience reality directly but thrive on “pseudo-events.“ Isolated from the host environment and the local people, the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in man-made attractions, stupid
13、ly enjoying the pseudo-events and disregarding the real world outside. Over time the images generated by different tourist sights come to constitute a close self-perpetuating system of illusions which provide the tourist with the basis for selecting and evaluating potential places to visit. Such vis
14、its are made, says Boorstin, within the “environmental bubble“ of the familiar American-style hotel which insulates the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment. To service the burgeoning tourist industry, an array of professionals has developed who attempt to reproduce ever-new objects
15、for the tourist to look at. These objects or places are located in a complex and changing hierarchy. This depends upon the interplay (相互影响) between, on the one hand, competition between interests involved in the provision of such objects and, on the other hand, changing class, gender, and generation
16、al distinctions of taste within the potential population of visitors. It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics of the “modern experience“. Not to “go away“ is like not possessing a car or a nice house, travel is a marker of status in modem societies and is also thought to
17、be necessary for good health. The role of the professional, therefore, is to cater for the needs and tastes of the tourists in accordance with their class and overall expectations. （分数：71.00）(1).Tourism is a trivial subject.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).An analysis of deviance can act as a model for the an
18、alysis of tourism.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Tourists usually choose to travel overseas.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Tourists focus more on places they visit than those at home.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Tour operators try to cheat tourists.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).It has been said that to be a tourist is one of th
19、e characteristics of the modern experience.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).To service the burgeoning tourist industry, an array of professionals has developed who attempt to reproduce ever-new objects for the tourist to look at.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The role of the 1, therefore, is to cater for the needs an
20、d tastes of the tourists in accordance with their class and overall expectations.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which 1 them off from everyday experience.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Travel is a marker of status in modern societies and is also thought to be 1
21、for good health.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.She should wear her old glasses.B.Her headaches will soon disappear.C.She ought to take off her glasses.D.Her glasses look a little like his.A.Shell be home on time.B.She was late for work.C.Shes working overtime.D.She missed wo
22、rk again.A.Dr. Lemon is waiting for a patient.B.Dr. Lemon is busy at the moment.C.Dr. Lemon has lost his patience.D.Dr. Lemon has gone out to visit a patient.A.He will go in spite of the cold weather.B.He wont go as he hasnt finished his work.C.He will go when he feels better.D.He wont go since he i
23、s not feeling well.A.Go out to work.B.Listen carefully to John.C.Be calm and patient.D.Do the easiest thing.A.He doesnt like to talk.B.He is a very kind man.C.He is friendly.D.He is not a pleasant person.A.She hasnt gone camping for several weeks.B.She likes to take long camping trips.C.She prefers
24、not to go camping on weekends.D.She often spends a lot of time planning her camping trips.A.To attend a party at a classmates home.B.To do homework with her classmate.C.To attend an evening class.D.To have supper out with her classmate.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The purpose of laughter.B.The cause
25、 of laughter and its effects.C.Why and when people laugh.D.The origin of laughter.A.It is a survival technique for babies.B.It can ease hostilities between parents and children.C.It can make parents fell relaxed to take care of children.D.It can help children to fight diseases.A.She can hear them cr
26、ying very loudly at the zoo.B.She has heard them panting and was told it was laughter.C.She has read about it from Darwin.D.She used to work at a zoo.A.He has some pet apes in his apartment.B.He is worried that the chicken he left out will spoil.C.He is worried that his roommates will eat all the ch
27、icken.D.He is worried that he will miss out on his dinner.A.To the Nile River.B.To the Museum of Natural History.C.To Colorado.D.To Arizona.A.In a boat.B.In a cave.C.In a river.D.In a tree.A.Find some drift wood.B.Take some photographs.C.Solve a mystery.D.See the canyon.A.Because they have a driving
28、 license.B.Because they have received special training.C.Because the traffic conditions in London are good.D.Because the traffic system of the city is not very complex.A.Two to four months.B.About three weeks.C.At least half a year.D.Two years or more.A.Government officers are hard to please.B.The l
29、earner has to go through several tough tests.C.The learner usually fails several times before he passes it.D.The driving test usually lasts two months.A.Because they dont want their present bosses to know what theyre doing.B.Because they want to earn money from both jobs.C.Because they cannot earn m
30、oney as taxi drivers yet.D.Because they look forward to further promotion.A.Call on people to protect sharks.B.Point out the living environment of sharks.C.Explain why the sharks are dangerous.D.An introduction to sharks.A.By good sense of water waves made by quarries.B.By good sense of smell and el
31、ectrical magnetic power.C.By good sense of light.D.By good sense of blood.A.Bone structure.B.Smell ability.C.Birth mode.D.Recover ability against disease.A.Their tasty meat.B.The principle of their defense system against disease.C.Their solid skin.D.The principle of their birth modes.A.Peoples leisu
32、re time is increasing.B.More and more people begin to show great interests in seeing other parts of the world.C.Improved transportation and accommodation conditions.D.Longer vacations are offered than before.A.It is the biggest leisure industry.B.Movies, TV shows, concerts and books are usually inte
33、nded for our leisure.C.People are usually reluctant to pay to watch professional sports.D.Making TV sets and building theatres are also part of entertainment industry.A.With people having more leisure time, tourist industry becomes the biggest industry in many countries.B.With people having more lei
34、sure time, entertainment industry becomes one of the major industries in many countries.C.With people having more leisure time, leisure business is becoming more important in economic life.D.With people having more leisure time, leisure business list is being extended.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In r
35、ecent years many countries of the world have been (36) 1with the problem of how to make their workers more (37) 2. Some experts (38 3the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is (39) 4to suggest that while (40) 5certainly makes the workers li
36、fe more (41) 6, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is (42) 7, if is not an important (43) 8, then to what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. (44) 9. Money just lets them enjoy their
37、spare time more. (45) 10. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, (46) 11.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, objectively selected facts
38、. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalismto make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news,
39、 to recognize that there is no longer any such thing as “local“ news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in terms of our very way of life. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you start interpretation, you are entering dangerous waters, the swirling tides
40、of opinion. This is nonsense. Those who are against interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts“. This insistence raises two questions: what are the facts? And: are bare facts enough? As to the first, consider how a so-called “factual“ story comes about.
41、The reporter collects, say, fifty facts. Then he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the ar
42、ticle shall be presented on Page One, where it has a large impact, or on Page Twenty-four, where it has little. This is Judgment Number Three. Thus in the presentation of a so-called “factual“ or “objective“ story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those
43、 involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and their “news neutralism“, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news. （分数：177.50）(1).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：35
44、.50）A.The most important task of reporters is to provide facts for the readers.B.If a reporter interprets the facts he writes, he will get into trouble.C.To make current events clear to the readers, reporters and editors must select facts objectively.D.For reporters, interpretation of facts is no le
45、ss important than presentation of the facts.(2).The purpose of the last paragraph is to_.（分数：35.50）A.define a factual storyB.show off the authors judgmentC.show us the authors viewpoint on objectivenessD.teach reporter and editor how to use their resources(3).It is implied in the passage that_.（分数：3
46、5.50）A.the writer of an article should limit himself to the factsB.in writing a factual story, the writer must use judgmentC.the writer of an article is usually objectiveD.editors usually put economic effects in the first place(4).Placement of a story will reflect the storys_.（分数：35.50）A.factual acc
47、uracyB.editors prejudiceC.relative importanceD.impact on the readers(5).Which of the following can best express the authors attitude toward objectiveness?（分数：35.50）A.There exists no absolute objectiveness in news writing or reporting.B.To interpret the news is a way to be objective for the readers.C
48、.Objectiveness is controlled by editors rather than writers.D.Poorly choosing facts prepares a solid ground for objectiveness.Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American
